从高新技术企业与风险投资链接,谈我国风险投资体系构建

高新技术企业的经营特点决定其资金需求特征,风险投资是解决高新技术企业融资问题的一个有效途径,而风险投资体系的建立应当符合高新技术企业不同成长阶段的融资特征。本文试剖析目前我国风险投资与高新技术企业链接中的缺环现象,并提出我国应通过建立低层次的风险投资交易市场,发展和完善技术产权交易所,建立高新技术企业评价机制等来构建我国多层次的风险投资体系。     

关于发展高新技术产业风险投资的理论探析

风险投资作为一种向高新技术企业提供融资的形式,对高新技术产业的发展具有强大的推动作用。介绍了风险投资的特点,分析了我国发展高新技术风险投资的现状与存在的主要问题。在此基础上,根据发达国家发展风险投资业的经验和我国的具体国情,提出了发展我国高新技术产业风险投资的建议。     

中小型科技企业创业融资研究

中小型科技企业面临融资渠道单一,银行贷款困难的问题,影响科技创新及企业长期发展。风险投资虽被公认为解决中小企业融资问题,促进高新技术产业发展的最主要的融资途径,但是目前国内风险投资业尚未真正建立并发挥效用,需要建立起以政府投入为引导多元参与的投资体系,完善风险投资体制,促进中小企业的发展。     

我国创业板市场对高新技术产业的融资促进分析

由于我国高新技术产业因信息不对称、缺乏抵押物品等原因难以得到信用贷款,同时缺少专门向高新技术企业提供贷款的金融机构,导致高新技术产业融资困难,表现在融资渠道单一、风险投资和直接融资比例较低等。创业板市场的特点和设立的目的决定了它的服务对象,即服务于创新型高成长型企业上市,它可以为高新技术企业提供有效的融资渠道,同时也为风险投资退出提供出口,在促进我国高新技术产业的发展上具有非常重要的促进作用。     

加快发展风险投资促进河南高新技术产业化进程

知识经济的一个重要特征,就是高新技术的产业化。要发展高科技产业,实现“科教兴国”、“科教兴豫”战略,不仅要建立高新技术开发和知识、技术创新体系,更重要的是建立支持高新技术成果商品化、产业化和高技术企业发展的风险投资体制。对大量的社会调查得出河南高新技术企业的融资渠道不畅的原因;找出河南高新技术产业的潜在投资主体;并对加快发展河南风险投资和高新技术产业提出了对策。     

中国金融发展对创业板高新技术企业融资约束影响的实证研究

构建了二元离散Logistic模型,利用2008—2013年在中国创业板上市的高新技术企业的非平衡面板数据,结合企业特征,从金融中介发展、创业板发展和风险投资发展三个方面实证分析了中国金融发展对企业融资约束的影响。结果显示:规模越大、年龄越大的企业面临的融资约束越严重;现阶段金融中介发展和创业板发展并未缓解企业的融资约束,且对规模较小的企业的融资约束具有更大的抑制作用,风险投资发展在一定程度上缓解了企业的融资约束。     

新经济环境下融资模式的变革

高新技术的发展是新经济最本质的特点，高新技术产业发展的本质特征使传统融资模式不能适应其融资要求，风险投资这种新的融资模式应运而生。本文从风险投资对传统融资模式的创新入手，阐述了其对高新技术产业发展的支撑作用，并提出在我国发展风险投资这种新型融资模式的对策和建议。     

论风险投资,企业板市场与高新技术产业发展的良性互动

高新技术产业的发展离不开风险投资的支持，而风险投资的有效运作则依赖于一个成熟、发达、充满活力的创业板市场。无论从资金供应者角度，还是从融资效率、激励机制以及企业成长等角度来看，高新技术产业的发展都需要创业板市场的催进。产品的研究与开发、风险投资、创业板市场三大因素相互促进、相互推动，产生良性循环，共同推进高新技术产业的发展。     

我国高新技术企业融资体系探析

高新技术企业成长的初期和中期需要利用种子基金和风险投资,后期则可利用银行贷款、上市融资等多种融资方式。因此良好的融资体系是实现高新技术企业迅速发展的前提。然而,现实高新技术企业的融资体系却不容乐观。文章从分析高新技术企业的概念特征及现实问题入手,提出了改善融资体系的必要性,最后从宏观层面上提出了构建高新技术企业融资体系的对策。     

高新技术企业的投融资相关问题探讨

高新技术企业与金融有着直接的关系,高新技术企业的产业化发展也需要融资的支持。企业的发展技术经济体系是多阶段的,各个阶段与环节的投融资金融价值也不尽相同,对于投融资的需求数量也存在一定差异,对金融工具也有多样性的需求。高新技术企业产业成长需要结合各个阶段的目标与基本特点,从风险投资基金、商业银行等多个渠道获取到融资。本文从高新技术企业的基本特征展开探究,并以此为依据,提出完善高新技术企业投融资平台、培养投融资人才、建立高新技术企业发展基金、开辟以风险投资为主的投融资渠道等措施,希望为相关人士提供参考与借鉴。     

The financing of small innovative firms: the Italian case

Small firms encounter difficulties in collecting external finance due to greater information problems. For small innovative firms, whose activity is more difficult to evaluate, the cost of external finance could be even higher. This paper aims to shed light on special features in financial structures of small innovative firms, compared with firms of similar size that do not innovate. The evidence shows that small innovators rely less on financial debts and more on internal financial resources; no important differences appear for large firms. This is consistent with the view that information problems mainly affect small firms. Another finding is that small innovative firms show a lower investment sensitivity to cash flow than small non-innovative firms: it is likely that the high incidence of internal financial resources allows them more flexibility in deciding their investments. No difference in investment sensitivity to cash flow, by innovative attitude, is found for large firms.     

Who Benefits from Foreign Direct Investment in the UK?

The presumed higher productivity of foreign firms and resulting spillovers to domestic firms has led governments to offer financial incentives to foreign firms. We investigate if there is any productivity or wage gap between foreign and domestic firms in the UK and if the presence of foreign firms in a sector raises the productivity of domestic firms. Our results indicate that foreign firms do have higher productivity than domestic firms and they pay higher wages. We find no aggregate evidence of intra‐industry spillovers. However, firms with low productivity relative to the sector average, in low‐skill low foreign competition sectors gain less from foreign firms.     

Open technology innovation activity and firm value: evidence from Korean firms

Despite the importance of Open Technology Innovation Activity (OTIA) for firm value, the literature investigating effects of OTIA announcements of developing country firms is not known in international academic circles. Our study using an event study approach examines the effects of OTIA (technology import and joint R&D) announcements of firms in Korea, one of the leading developing and highly innovative countries. We find that the announcements of OTIA produce positive average abnormal returns. Interestingly, unlike the prior studies on developed country firms, OTIA with firms in the homogenous industry leads to greater firm value than that involving firms in heterogenic industries. This implies an importance of a technological fusion with external firms in different industries for value of developing country firms. In addition, this article finds no home bias that a nationality of partner firms is not essential for the relation between OTIA and value of firms.     

Wage,foreign-owned firms,and productivity spillovers via labour turnover: a non-linear analysis based on Chinese firm-level data

Using firm-level panel data from Chinese manufacturing firms over the period 2004–2007, this article investigates the impact of the wage gap between local and foreign-owned firms on foreign direct investment (FDI) spillovers in terms of total factor productivity (TFP). We find a non-linear threshold effect that: a low-level wage gap threshold exists, below which FDI spillovers are significantly negative. This is because FDI spillovers via labour turnover are blocked due to the low wages of local firms, which jeopardizes the flow of skilled workers from foreign firms to local firms. In contrast, when the wage gap reaches a high-level threshold, local firms can get benefits from FDI spillovers. The reason is that high wages of local firms attract skilled employees to leave foreign firms, which yields a large magnitude of worker mobility from foreign firms to local firms. Our article provides evidence that labour turnover as the channel of FDI spillovers only works when the wage gap is beyond some threshold. Also, these thresholds vary across regions and firm ownerships.     

Determinants and impacts of subcontracting: evidence from India’s unorganized manufacturing sector

There are two divergent perspectives on the impact of subcontracting on firms in the informal sector. According to the benign view, formal sector firms prefer linkages with relatively modern firms in the informal sector, and subcontracting enables capital accumulation and technological improvement in the latter. According to the exploitation view, formal sector firms extract surplus from stagnant, asset-poor informal sector firms that use cheap family labour in home-based production. However, direct, firm-level evidence on the determinants and impact of subcontracting is thus far lacking in the literature. We apply a modified Heckman selection model to Indian National Sample Survey data on informal manufacturing enterprises (2005–2006). We find that home-based, relatively asset-poor, and female-owned firms are more likely to be in a subcontracting relationship. Further, we perform selectivity-corrected Oaxaca-Blinder Decomposition and calculate treatment effects to show that subcontracting benefits smaller firms, firms in industrially backward states and rural firms; it is harmful for larger firms, firms in industrially advanced states, and urban firms. Our results suggest that the effects of subcontracting are more complex than those predicted by the divergent perspectives. Policy-makers need to engage with this complexity.     

Does Openness Increase the Efficiency of China’s Manufacturing Firms? Evidence from the World Bank Investment Climate Survey

Based on the World Bank Investment Climate Survey, this paper investigates the openness effects on the efficiency of firms in China’s manufacturing industry using a two-step data envelopment analysis (DEA) approach. In the first step, the aggregate efficiency of open firms and non-open firms is compared in each sub-industry using a group-wise heterogeneous bootstrap procedure. The results show, at a 90% confidence level, that open firms are more efficient than non-open firms in four out of five sub-industries. Furthermore, in the second step, we employ the two-stage bootstrap DEA approach to more specifically evaluate the effects of openness on the efficiency of firms. The regression results show that three openness indicators (foreign capital, import and export) have strong positive effects on firms’ efficiency in China’s manufacturing industry. In addition, the results also suggest that a larger state share, larger firm size, and more capital stock are negatively related to the efficiencies of firms, while a firms’ learning and absorptive capacity is positively related to its efficiency.     

Does foreign ownership matter?

The paper both compares productivity of Russian firms that have foreign direct investments with productivity of fully domestically owned firms and analyses spillovers from foreign‐owned firms to domestic firms. Foreign firms are found to be more productive than domestic ones, but productivity of the former is negatively affected by slow progress of reforms in the regions where they operate. It is also found that there are positive spillovers from foreign‐owned firms to domestic firms in the same industry, but negative effects on domestic firms that are vertically related to foreign‐owned firms. The stock of human capital in regions where foreign firms operate is one of the factors which help domestic firms to benefit from the entry of foreign firms.     

Oligopolistic Competition, Technology Innovation, and Multiproduct Firms

Firms' proliferation behavior in a differentiated product market is studied using an oligopolistic competition model with multiproduct firms. The model has the following characteristics: (1) the elasticity of substitution across firm's own products and the elasticity of substitution across different firms are allowed to differ; (2) the product managers of the same firm behave cooperatively rather than independently; (3) the number of firms is determined by a free-entry condition and so is endogenous. If the elasticity of substitution across the firm's own products increases, it is shown that the firm proliferates less and the number of firms in the market increases. If the elasticity of substitution across different firms increases, firms proliferate more and the number of firms in the market decreases.     

Tariff Rate as a Public Good

If domestic firms lobby for protection, the tariff rate is a public good to all domestic firms, whether they engage in lobbying or not. This paper analyzes how the endogenous tariff rate as a public good depends on the group size in two‐stage lobbying models. The result depends not only on whether domestic firms lobby cooperatively or not, but also on whether domestic firms incur indirect lobbying costs or not. This paper shows that if free riding is not very serious and if the number of domestic firms is small compared to the number of foreign firms, entry of a domestic firm is likely to increase the equilibrium tariff rate.     

Export–Oriented Foreign Direct Investment and Local Content Requirement

We develop a model in which foreign firms locate in a host country and export their produce to another (consuming) country. We consider both exogenous and endogenous numbers of foreign firms. These firms compete with domestic firms in the consuming country under oligopoly. Unemployment exists in both countries. We analyse the conflict of interest between the two countries on the level of local content for the foreign firms. Under free entry of foreign firms, the consuming country may want a less severe restriction on local contents than the host country, but not so when the number of foreign firms is exogenous.