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我国利率政策效果欠佳的制度探究——以2004~2008年利率上调为例 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
存贷款基准利率是中国人民银行最重要和使用最频繁的货币政策工具之一,2004年10月29日~2007年9月15日,中国人民银行8次上调人民币存贷款基准利率。但是,本文认为,并没有达到抑制贷款和投资、平抑物价、减缓经济增长的预期政策目标。利率货币政策工具失效、货币政策效果不佳的根源在于我国尚未建立市场导向的制度框架。要提高货币政策效力,使用合理的货币政策工具,必须以建立完善制度为保障。 相似文献
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Katherine A. Smith 《Applied economics letters》2019,26(1):27-31
Macro-prudential policies are theoretically effective at mitigating a debt deflation crisis by forcing individuals to internalize their impact on aggregate prices reducing systemic risk caused by pecuniary externalities. To better understand the potential effectiveness of a macro-prudential time varying tax/subsidy on debt/dividends, we empirically estimate the impact of an Islamic financing presence on financial crises. Adherence to Islamic financing principles for a nontrivial portion of a country’s population has similar impacts to a macro-prudential policy in that these limited asset holders are likely to hold less debt or use debt-like instruments rather than conventional debt, driving down their marginal rate of substitution and the price of equity in equilibrium. To empirically estimate the effects of this policy, we interact an Islamic financing variable with debt in an otherwise standard model of financial crises. The results show that this macro-prudential-like policy decreases the likelihood of a banking crisis by 50%. The contribution of the article is twofold. First, we show that an Islamic finance presence encourages precautionary savings like a macro-prudential policy. Second, using an Islamic finance presence to capture macro-prudential potential effects, we find empirically that the likelihood of banking crises are cut roughly by half when such policies are in effect. 相似文献
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This study determines the optimal targeted reduction in reserve requirement ratio in China. We find that a targeted reduction in reserve requirement ratio incentivizes commercial banks to reallocate more credit resources to micro and small enterprises, thus eliminating the negative output gap, slightly dampening the rise in unemployment, but also increasing financial instability. Although there is little direct effect on inflation, raising the targeted reduction in reserve requirement ratio can help mitigate the positive effect of output gap on inflation so that an output gap increase is accompanied by a smaller increase in inflation. Optimal rules for targeted reduction in reserve requirement ratio and interest rate policy are derived. Output gap, inflation, and financial instability are three main factors driving the policy dynamics. A targeted reduction in reserve requirement ratio is complementary to interest rate policy, which helps eliminate the negative output gap and allows the interest rate to be less responsive to inflation volatility. 相似文献
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文章通过构建包含零利率下限约束的D SGE 模型,系统探讨了存在零利率下限时外生不利冲击对经济的影响。研究结果表明:(1)当名义利率触及零利率下限时,宏观经济和金融体系的不稳定性和脆弱性会显著增加,外生不利冲击对产出、通胀、信贷等经济变量的影响也会明显放大。(2)当存在零利率下限时,传统泰勒规则已无法有效稳定经济,最优的货币政策规则不仅应盯住产出缺口和通胀缺口,还应对资产价格和信贷给予重点关注并做出适度反应。(3)货币政策更适于保持产出缺口和通胀缺口的稳定,但难以有效减缓房价和信贷的波动。只有将逆周期监管的宏观审慎政策和货币政策有效搭配,才能保证经济系统和金融系统的全面稳定。为了应对不利冲击,我国应进一步完善宏观审慎监管框架,并将其与货币政策有效搭配以保持宏观经济的全面稳定。 相似文献
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央行连续上调存款准备金率的原因与预期效应 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
从2006年7月到2007年1月,央行已经连续4次上调存款准备金率.本文通过对我国目前宏观经济形势的分析,阐述了此项货币政策实施的深层原因及其必要性.在此基础上,探析诸多因素影响下上调存款准备金率的预期效应,继而认为:央行必须实施多种货币政策的组合,配合其他部门的各种宏观政策,尤其应该提高低收入群体的收入水平,加大对社会保障部门的投入才能更好地控制资金的流动性. 相似文献
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We present a neoclassical economic model of the human right to water using a nonrenewable resource model inclusive of a backstop technology. The right is interpreted as a minimum consumption requirement the government is obligated to fulfill in the event that any one household cannot do so independently. Differing by income levels, households maximize utility by purchasing a composite consumption good and water from two distinct, government-owned sources. Facing physical and financial constraints, the government uses fiscal policy to address potential human rights violations. Reducing the analysis to two periods, we develop a novel approach to compare total welfare levels from a joint human rights and neoclassical economics perspective. We define a human rights welfare standard and discuss cases in which traditional social welfare measures would exceed, violate, or meet this standard. We thus offer a unique way to merge economic analysis with human rights research. 相似文献
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货币政策工具与中介目标选择:基于法定准备金操作的研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
利率和货币量哪个更适合作为货币政策中介目标是一个很有争议的问题,目前许多文献对这个问题的研究并不涉及货币政策工具与利率以及货币量之间的关系。这样的研究实际上隐含了一个前提,即货币政策工具和利率以及货币量之间存在明确的、稳定的关系,从而保证利率目标或者货币量是可控的。基于法定准备金操作的研究表明,法定准备金操作和货币量之间存在确定的关系,而和利率之间的关系是不确定的。导致利率和法定准备金操作关系不确定的主要原因,则是IS曲线斜率正负性的不确定性;同时,对现阶段中国IS曲线斜率稳定性的实证研究表明,其斜率正负性是不稳定的。因此,利率不适合作为货币政策中介目标。 相似文献
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国家助学贷款实行以来帮助了很多贫困学生,但是在实施的过程中也产生了许多问题。如国家助学贷款与“五金”结构失衡;其政策性目标与商业化经营相冲突;财政的有限分担机制使商业银行无法出清风险;贷款制度主要要素的规定不够科学;贷款驱动机制不合理;贷款运行机制不健全等。解决国家助学贷款在现实中存在的主要问题,应建立个人信用评价体系;优化国家助学贷款结构;建立将一般助学贷款与国家助学贷款相结合的体系以及建立政策性银行并使其成为国家助学贷款的供给主体。 相似文献
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李金生 《生态经济(学术版)》2007,(5):66-69
外部性问题的存在,导致市场机制不能完全达到社会资源的优化配置。运用各种经济政策工具是促进循环经济的建设,实现可持续发展的重要方式。为此,本文提出,我们应当充分发挥市场机制的作用,选择并利用好各种政策工具。 相似文献
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我国利率市场化改革现阶段巳步入放开存款利率上限和贷款利率下限的关键时刻。面对利率市场化进一步深化的冲击,商业银行应走差异化道路,改善盈利模式,拓展有自身特色的中间业务,同时理财产品向客户需求导向型发展,提供多元化的理财服务并注重银行零售业务的发展。 相似文献
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基于宏观角度的商业银行流动性过剩分析 总被引:32,自引:2,他引:32
2000年以来,我国金融机构存贷差持续扩大,商业银行超额存款准备金长期高企,商业银行流动性资产过剩问题开始凸显.从宏观行业的角度,运用定性和定量分析相结合的方法,发现外汇占款的增长迅猛、银行间企业直接融资工具的发展、不良贷款的剥离、现金需求比率的下降以及证券市场的长期低迷是引发我国银行业存贷差持续上升的主要原因. 相似文献
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In recent years, the People’s Bank of China (PBC) has carried out monetary policy by means of reserve requirement frequently
in an effort to hedge the excess liquidity in the banking system. But just like other government taxes, reserve requirement
maybe have an optimal required reserve rate (RRR). When the RRR have been raised to the optimal level, the effect of reserve
requirement policy in money control and liquidity sterilization should also be withered due to the loss of the “tax base”.
Therefore, we establish a theoretical model and analysis framework and make the corresponding econometric test and empirical
analysis. The main conclusions are as follows: The optimal RRR in China at present is about 23%. If the RRR is further raised
above 23%, the monetary authority should adjust the deposit and loan interest rates, interest margins between deposits and
loans and the deposit reserve requirement rate to expand the using scope of the reserve requirement policy.
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Translated from Jingji Yanjiu 经济研究 (Economic Research Journal), 2008, (10): 37–51 相似文献
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以国际森林政策对话机制为研究对象,分析了国际森林问题的内涵和特点,存在的分歧和分歧的实质。国际森林问题分为森林本身问题、森林相关的环境问题和社会问题、导致森林本身问题的成因及解决问题的办法四个层次,超越了森林经营和林业行业,并将国际和国内林业政策对话有机结合起来。国际社会在森林本身存在的问题上有较多的共识,然而发展中国家和发达国家在对问题成因的认知上分歧很大,而就主权、资金援助和技术转让等解决森林问题的手段等分歧更加明显。其分歧体现了参与各方的立场、视角和利益,客观反映了当下尚不具备达成全球法律约束力森林公约的条件。 相似文献
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赵平 《经济理论与经济管理》2014,34(8):78
本文立足S W模型的信息非对称及其逆向选择效应假设,基于贷款供给曲线理论并结合中国的信贷市场现实环境,创新性地提供了贷款利率自由化改革有助于缓解中小企业贷款供给约束的理论解释。本文研究的政策含义是:为了缓解中小企业贷款供给约束,需要加快推进我国银行存款利率管制的全面自由化进程,而根本之道还在于推行能够有效减弱信贷市场非对称信息的各种政策措施。 相似文献
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Emerging market central banks are often reluctant to raise interest rates when facing credit booms driven by capital inflows, and they instead use reserve requirements as an additional instrument. We compare the macroeconomic effects of interest rate and reserve requirement shocks by estimating a structural vector autoregressive model for Brazil. For both instruments, discretionary tightening results in a credit decline. Contrary to an interest rate shock, however, a positive reserve requirement shock leads to an exchange rate depreciation, a current account improvement, and an increase in prices. The different effects highlight the role of reserve requirement policy as a complement to rather than a substitute for interest rate policy. The results support the bank lending channel as the main transmission mechanism for reserve requirement policy. 相似文献
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因存款准备金制度软化、存款准备金减少带来了货币政策低效或无效的局面。通过中央银行对商业银行的资产各项贷款征收法定准备金,构建了一个准备金政策新框架,可用来分析货币政策的需求结构效应,以实现针对性地调节总需求结构。并且,实行贷款准备金政策可以消减存款准备金的制度缺陷、重建准备金制度的威力、强化货币政策的效果。 相似文献
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Thomas Eichner Gilbert Kollenbach Mark Schopf 《The Scandinavian journal of economics》2021,123(1):110-143
In a two‐period model with two groups of countries that extract, trade, and consume fossil fuels, a climate coalition fights against climate change by purchasing or leasing deposits to prevent their extraction and seeks to manipulate fuel prices in its favor. The policy of purchasing deposits is inefficient because it leaves the first‐period climate externality non‐internalized. By contrast, the deposit‐lease policy turns out to be efficient if it eliminates strategic action in the fuel markets. In an empirically calibrated economy, the coalition's welfare and total welfare are greater with the deposit‐lease policy than with the deposit‐purchase policy if the discount rate is smaller than 2.7 percent per annum. 相似文献