基于面板协整的地方政府支出与居民消费关系的实证检验

通过构建政府支出与居民消费跨期替代模型,并利用1990—2005年27个省(市、自治区)相关数据进行面板协整检验和完全修正普通最小二乘估计,我们可以看到,中国地方政府支出与居民消费呈现较弱的互补关系。因此,需要改变地方政府的投资结构,提高政府支出的消费效应。     

政府支持风险投资业发展的效应分析

对风险投资业发达的美国、以色列和我国台湾的经验进行研究,比较我国风险投资业的情况,总结出国际上政府支持风险投资业发展的三种模式,即：直接投资模式,以我国目前风险投资业发展为代表的模式;直接引导模式,以以色列和我国台湾风险投资业发展为代表的模式;财政风险杠杆模式,以美国风险投资业发展为代表的模式。根据这三种模式推导出了政府支持风险投资业发展的数理财务模型,并就该模型进行了“风险杠杆”与资金偿付的分析;同时,进行了实际检验和灵敏度分析;最后,给出了结论：政府支持风险投资业发展最优的模式是财政风险杠杆的模式。     

Important laws governing China's macro-economy

This paper presents economic laws that are valid for China's macro-economy from 1952 to 2013 in spite of the many institutional changes during this period. The laws include a consumption function based on the adaptive expectations hypothesis of Friedman (1957) or the rational expectations hypothesis of Hall (1978), an investment function derived from the accelerations principle and the roles of government expenditure and money supply. It extends the analyses of Chow (1985, 2010 and 2011) to cover longer periods and study additional issues.     

我国台商投资大陆区位选择影响因素的实证研究

选取1991—2011年我国台商投资大陆地区各省(地区)相关变量的历史统计数据,采用面板数据分析方法,建立各时段面板数据模型,对我国台商投资大陆区位选择的影响因素进行实证分析。研究结果显示:影响我国台商投资大陆区位选择的因素主要有产业结构、政府政策、生产效率、基础设施、劳动力成本和开放水平等;其中,政府政策和开放水平是影响台商投资大陆区位选择的稳定且主要的因素;产业结构、基础设施和劳动力成本的影响次之,生产效率的影响并不显著;各因素对台商投资大陆区位选择的影响程度和方向不断变化,即产业结构的影响呈上升趋势,基础设施和劳动力成本的影响逐渐减弱。     

关于我国政府投资乘数效应的探讨

应对金融危机的4万亿政府投资计划目前到了收尾盘点阶段,如此规模的政府投资除了满足社会公共品需要外,其对经济发展的影响方向和影响程度如何是大众关心的重要问题,因而关于政府投资对经济增长的影响的研究有很大的现实意义。政府投资乘数大小作为衡量政府投资效果的重要依据和基本工具,对其进行具体研究有利于增强和改进政府投资对经济增长所带来的影响。通过单位根检验、协整分析等路径并运用生产函数法对1998年以来我国政府投资乘数效应进行了实证分析,结果显示,政府投资对经济增长有较大的拉动作用,但同时也发现政府投资产出弹性小于非政府投资的产出弹性,在一定范围内同等数量政府投资对经济增长的贡献度低于非政府投资。     

Government Expenditure Financing in a Two‐Sector Cash‐In‐Advance Model of Endogenous Growth

We show that an expansion in the government size could be desirable from the viewpoint of the economy's long‐run growth, wherein factor intensity between the sectors, the mode of public spending financing, and the form of the cash‐in‐advance (CIA) constraint are crucial. We also show that when real balances are required only for consumption purchases, money financing is equivalent to consumption tax financing, but is not equivalent to income tax financing. If both consumption and gross investment are liquidity‐constrained, then the three financing methods are mutually not equivalent. The optimal financing scheme has the following features: (1) when the CIA constraint applies only to consumption purchases, any combination of the money growth rate and the consumption tax rate that satisfies the government budget constraint constitutes an optimal financing mix; (2) when the CIA constraint applies to both consumption and investment purchases, consumption tax financing only is optimal.     

政府公共资本投资的长期经济增长效应

本文首先建立一个包含政府公共资本投资的两部门内生增长模型,并把公共资本投资分为政府物质资本投资和人力资本投资,从而对公共资本投资的长期经济增长效应进行理论分析。结论是,两种形式的公共资本投资对长期经济增长都可能具有正效应也可能具有负效应,取决于民间经济主体消费跨时替代弹性大小。其次,我们利用向量自回归分析框架,对我国1978—2004年间公共资本投资对长期经济增长的影响作实证分析。结论是,我国两种形式的公共资本投资与经济增长之间存在着长期均衡关系,其中政府公共物质资本投资对长期经济增长的正影响更为显著,而政府公共人力资本投资对长期经济增长的正影响较小,且在短期内不利于经济增长。这一结论对我国今后科学制定财政政策和选择公共投资领域都具有重要意义。     

A dynamic general equilibrium model for public R&D investment in Taiwan

In terms of economic development policies, public research and development (R&D) investment may be one of the most critical and useful tools in Taiwan, having frequently played a role in leading related overall investment in Taiwan. Although the impact channels of R&D investment are varied and complex, its benefits in terms of the development of human capital, industrial productivity, and basic research are clear. With the rapid growth of the private sector in the Taiwan economy, it is, however, debatable whether the government should continue to use the public financial budget to invest in R&D. By using a computable general equilibrium (CGE) model to simulate the impact of public R&D investment on the economy in Taiwan, the empirical evidence of the present paper is that public R&D investment gives rise to different short-term and medium-term impacts on real GDP that are mostly felt in the third or fourth years of their implementation among different industries. These impacts then gradually converge back to equilibrium in the long run. Public R&D investment boosts the technology of high-tech industries and increases exports, but it also crowds out the output of primary industries. Although the public R&D investment has a positive effect on the real wage, its effect on inflation should not be overlooked. Because of the pros and cons surrounding the impact of public R&D investment on industries and the economy, the study provided by the present paper can serve as valuable reference not only to decision-makers in government agencies but also to academic researchers.     

REAL GDP IN PRE-WAR EAST ASIA: A 1934–36 BENCHMARK PURCHASING POWER PARITY COMPARISON WITH THE U.S.

This article provides estimates of purchasing power parity (PPP) converters for expenditure side GDP of Japan/China, Japan/U.S. and China/U.S. in 1934–36 through a detailed matching of prices for more than 50 types of goods and services in private consumption and about 20 items or sectors for investment and government expenditure. Linking with the earlier studies on the price levels of Taiwan and Korea relative to Japan, we derive the mid-1930s benchmark PPP adjusted per capita income of Japan, China, Taiwan and Korea at 32, 11, 23, and 12 percent of the U.S. level respectively. These estimates correct the consistent downward bias in East Asian income levels based on market exchange rate conversions. Compared with Angus Maddison's estimates based on the 1990 benchmark back-projection, our current-price based result are 18 and 44 percent lower for Japan and Korea, and 4 and 10 percent higher for Taiwan and China respectively in the mid-1930s. We develop a preliminary theoretical and empirical framework to examine the possible source of the biases in the back-projection method. The article ends with a discussion on historical implications of our findings on the initial conditions and long-term growth dynamics in East Asia.     

李嘉图等价定理及其在中国的适用性分析

李嘉图等价定理认为,政府的财政收入形式的选择,不会引起人们经济行为的调整。但是,现代经济学家们并非完全同意李嘉图的见解,无论是对其必要条件的检验还是对其结论的检验都存在着争论。而通过实证分析我国1989—2004年的政府发债分别与消费和投资的关系,可以得出结论：从历史数据来看,李嘉图等价定理在我国并不适用。     

中国城市招商引资的经验与教训

本文在对世界银行2003年中国城市投资环境评价报告及台湾地区电机电子同业公会连续4年对大陆主要城市投资环境与投资风险评价报告进行分析对比的基础上,对国内主要城市近年来的招商引资现状进行分析和概括,并对几个典型城市在招商引资方面的经验与教训进行研究,为武汉市改善招商引资环境提供可借鉴的思路.     

略论经济增长由单纯依靠投资和净出口向二者与消费协调拉动的转变

在国内持续低消费的情况下,由于政府对投资和出口的过度激励,中国长期以来形成了主要依靠投资、净出口拉动的经济增长。主要依靠投资、净出口拉动的经济增长是不可持续的。实现经济增长主要依靠投资、净出口拉动向依靠消费、投资、净出口协调拉动转变的关键：一在于提高消费,二在于改变政府对投资和出口激励的方式与手段。     

Disaggregated approach to government spending shocks: a theoretical analysis

We calibrate a dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model that features a transmission mechanism with different types of government spending, while the literature usually treats government spending as a homogenous compound. In this regard, we manage to distinguish between different types of government spending (namely: government investment, government wage component consumption and non-wage component consumption) where each type of spending has a varied role in the economy. The government wage increase has the largest positive effect both on private consumption and output by affecting the economy through the government production. This is a natural consequence of government production being complementary to private consumption in our model. Other two government spending types, namely government non-wage consumption and government investment, also have positive effects on output, whereas their responses on (private) consumption are mostly negative. These results provide an alternative explanation for the wide range of multipliers existing in the literature as our setup enables them to produce different effects on macroeconomic variables.     

人民币升值对两岸经贸关系影响的实证研究

本文利用1999年7月至2008年4月的月度数据,运用协整检验以及基于VECM的Granger因果检验等计量方法,封人民币升值封两岸经贸关系的影响进行探讨。结果表明,人民币汇率与两岸经贸关系的三个核心指标都存在长期稳定的均衡关系。从长期来看,两岸经贸关系的三个核心指标都是人民币名义汇率的单向Granger原因;而从短期来看,不存在Granger因果关系。至于人民币升值封大陆封台出口、大陆自台进口以及台商对大陆投资的影响,无论是长期还是短期,都不明显。简言之,人民币升值封两岸经贸发展的负面影响不明显,而且从长远来看,两岸经贸关系的发展将有利于人民币汇率的稳定。     

OUTWARD INVESTMENT TO CHINA AND LOCAL INNOVATION OF TAIWANESE MANUFACTURING FIRMS

Does outward investment induce more domestic innovation or simply move local innovative efforts to foreign plants? This question is topical and relevant to Taiwan in view of its large share of outward investment concentrated in China and the special political relationship between the two sides of the Taiwan Strait. The purpose of this paper is to examine the effect of outward investment in China on domestic innovative activity in Taiwan. Overall, this study finds that a positive relationship exists between outward investment and innovation in terms of R&D intensity and patents, implying that investing in China is part of a global resource allocation strategy of Taiwanese multinational enterprises to allocate production in China and pay more attention to innovative activity in their domestic plants. Moreover, the deregulation of the policy regarding investing in China in 2001 has induced an upsurge in investment in China, although it does not seem to have brought about an outflow of technologies.     

The role of trade openness and investment in examining the energy-growth-pollution nexus: empirical evidence for China and India

Most of the existing literature dealing with the relationship between carbon emissions, energy consumption and economic growth either suffers from ignoring relevant variables such as trade openness or investment, or suffers from using econometric methods that are unable to distinguish between short- and long-term causality and are not robust to the degree of integration of time series used for the analysis. This article suggests using the autoregressive distributed lag approach along with additional explanatory variables such as measures of trade and investment to shed a new light on the link between emissions, energy consumption and income in the two largest and energy-intensive developing economies: China and India. Our results, over the 1971–2009 period, provide evidence that investment plays a major role in shaping the relationship between carbon emissions, energy consumption and income in China while this is not the case in India. Furthermore, trade openness is found to play a key function in the short term in China but does not contribute to the emissions-energy-growth scenario in India.     

基于陕西投资效应分析的西部能源开发策略研究

西部大开发以来,国家大量投资集中于开发西部地区丰富的能源资源。基于能源投入占用产出表,对比分析了陕西和全国行业投资带来的GDP增长、单位GDP能耗、就业等影响效应,结果表明陕西能源行业和高能耗重工业的投资带动效应远低于全国平均水平,且增大了陕西单位GDP能耗。吸取陕西的经验和教训,为实现西部地区经济的和谐发展,系统地提出了西部能源资源开发策略。     

Public Spending and Private Investment: Evidence From Greece

The aim of this paper is to investigate whether there is a link between disaggregated measures of government expenditures and private investment in Greece. A cointegration analysis of a multivariate system of equations is applied in order to empirically estimate the long run relationships between private investment and different measure of government expenditures. Subsequently IRF and VDC are estimated. Government investment is found to assert a positive effect on private investment, supporting in this way the capital accumulation process. On the other hand, government consumption appears to compete for the same resources with government investment, while it negatively affects private investment. [E62]     

政府和企业对产业共性技术两种研发投资类型的比例研究

基于产业共性技术研发在新形势下经济转型升级中的战略意义以及共性技术研发投资的“死亡谷”效应,构建了政府和企业两个投资主体、预研投资和研发投资两种投资类型的柯布道格拉斯生产函数（CD生产函数）投资博弈模型。通过最优反应函数求解,得到不同政府预算占比情况下共性技术研发投资的纳什均衡,探索了政府和企业对两种投资的最优比例,并通过案例分析验证了模型的有效性。结果发现,政府在产业共性技术投资供给中更倾向于预研投资,企业在产业共性技术投资供给中更倾向于研发投资;政府应根据产业发展不同阶段,适时调整功能定位,针对产业共性技术研发投资,动态调整支持方式和支持力度。     

财政支出、经济外部性与政府双重角色转换——基于DSGE模型的理论分析和实证研究

将政府财政支出分解为消费性支出和生产性支出,建立了政府消费性支出与私人消费之间、政府资本与私人资本之间的非线性替代关系函数。将政府公共生产性服务和公共消费性服务的双重角色加入动态随机一般均衡(DSGE)模型,分析不同经济结构下政府的双重角色对中国宏观经济的影响差异。实证结果显示:政府生产性支出的弹性系数正在变小,政府生产性支出对中国宏观经济的影响在逐渐消失;在合理监管下,政府消费性支出有利于改善和提高人们的生活质量,并且不会对私人投资产生挤出效应。因此,政府应加大对财政消费性支出的监管力度。