Development of suburb farm landscape in the process of urban-rural overall planning from the perspective of ecological economics： a case study of Chengdu City

With the accelerating development of Chinese urbanization and the widening gap between rural and urban areas, urban-rural overall planning is to be an inevitable choice for economic and social development. However, the specific patterns and methods in urban-rural overall planning are greatly different. From the persperctive of ecological economy, taking the main physical and biological pattern of the farmland as research objects, this paper analyzes the components and characteristics of farm landscape, the relationship between farm landscape exploitation and rural tourism, and the role of farm landscape exploitation in planning urban and rural development. It expatiates on the pattern, method and principle of farm landscape development. Furthermore, based on the actual development case, this paper explores how to make high-grade tourism products with scientific and reasonable farm landscape development method, how to increase peasant income, how to improve urban and rural ecological economic environment, so as to promote urban-rural overall planning.     

Appraisal of the vegetation-based services for cropland ecosystems： a case study of a high-yielding county in North China

1. Introduction Ecosystem services are explicitly defined as “the natural environmental conditions and effects upon which people rely for existence that are formed and maintained by ecosystems and ecological processes” [1] . The valuation of ecosystem goods and services has become an important issue in the field of envi- ronmental protection and sustainable development, which also represents one aspect of the United Na- tions Millennium Assessment. At present, the re- search associated wit…     

Socio economic impact of vegetable production in Senegal：a case study of Niayes area

Vegetable production plays a very important role not only as a source of foreign exchange for Senegal and an appreciation of the dietary needs of populations,but also in the context of the policy of diversification.Thus the aim of this analysis is to measure the important economic impact and vegetable industrial actors,find the limited factors of the horticulture development and the perspectives for improving the vegetable production in the area.Our results show that the National production of fruits and vegetables is estimated approximately at 370,000 tons and the Niayes zone constitutes 80%of the domestic production.Horticulture is a sector which creates employments in that area with important incomes earned by both producers and the various intermediaries（commercial process） .The volume of exports has reached 14,321.588 tons in（2002-2003） against 11,125.132 tons in（2001-2002） witnessing than an increase of 28.7%,but the one of imports is very important and represents an outflow of foreign currency estimated at about 3 billion per year.     

Comparative study on industry agglomeration of the five E＆I industrial parks in Shaanxi Province

As the significant regional development driving, industry agglomeration has become one of the most interested for industrial economist and regional economist. This paper chooses the main five E＆I industrial parks in Shaanxi Province as the research object, and systematically compares their industry agglomerations, such as the situations, patterns, development approaches, and so on. Finally, based on the situation of the five E＆I industrial parks, combined with the power and the attraction of sub-sectors industry, some suggestions on the formation and consolidation of agglomeration effect for each park are proposed.     

Study on the clustering of a typical industry：a case of apple industry in Shaanxi Province, China

The apple industry in Shaanxi Province is a resource-based industry; compared to the best productiveregions at home and abroad, it is advantageous in high quality as well as geographical and natural resources. Currently,big changes have occurred in the apple market supply-demand relations; long-term and comprehensive shortage haspassed; the buyer＇s market has come into being; competitions in the domestic market are fierce. At the same time, theforeign apple will impact on the domestic market, increasing competitive pressure. Foreign anti-dumping measures,green barriers and technologies restrict the exportation of the domestic apple. Based on successful experience of otherindustrial clusters, this paper analyzes the existing problems in the development of Shaanxi apple industrial cluster,combining empirical analysis, qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis, proposes specific policy recommendationsand get the conclusions. First, the characteristics of the agricultural industrial cluster are analyzed; Shaanxi appleindustry is characterized by cluster. Second, the rapid development of Shaanxi apple industrial cluster exposes someproblems. Third, we need the government to control the disorderly competition of Shaanxi apple industry.     

Environmental regulation and trade pattern：a case of China

As a growing number of countries, including both developed and developing countries, have in recent yearstaken environmental regulation at different levels, a question of great concern has been raised： can the regulation alterthe existing trade volume and trade pattern, and ultimately drive pollution-intensive industries to countries with low-levelregulations or even those without regulations at all？ Starting from the three different propositions concerning therelationship between environmental regulation and trade pattern, this paper applies cointegration analysis and errorcorrection model to empirically testing the relationship between environmental regulation and trade in China during theperiod of 1985-2005. Our empirical results indicate that in the short run the collection of pollution discharge fees bearsa positive impact on the export share of clean products of total exports. Thus, higher pollution discharge fees raise theratio of clean products exports to total exports. This further indicates that more stringent environmental regulationpromotes the exports of clean products. In the long run pollution discharge fees are positively correlated with the exportshare of clean products but negatively associated with their import share. Such correlations imply that environmentalregulation tends to facilitate the international specialization in line with comparative advantages.     

Assessment of the immigration effect and choice of development pattern for scenic areas： a case study of Wuyi Mountain, China

Mountainous regions face a series of Conflicts betWeen the natural resources conservation and the economic development, especially in protected areas, where are the home to some of the poorest people in＇the world In China, the Protected Areas Authorities （such as Protected Areas Authorities of Wuyi Mountain） transferred the mountainous people out of the protected areas. We found that it is not a good approach of immigration project, as fal economic and ecological effect is concerned. Although remote and majestic, beauty attracted many tourists, mass tourism is not a good approach to soh,e the development problem in mountainous areas because it can not provide enough opportunites to make local people live a comfortable life, and the high volume of tourists indicates that the resources, face significant threats. Because many fandscapes,are run by Private enterprises, local residents and government only get limited benefits. Alihough ecotourism principles expatiate on economic development and resource, onservation, local people income and tourists feelings, it has discordance between the theory and the praciice Therefore. the term of ＂integrated ecotourism ＂ was coined in the paper.based on the ecotourism theory, Integrated ecotourism means a broadly tourism resources and pendulum spatial pattern which will come into being with the movement of local,people and tourists from protected areas io the nearby town or city： and it also tries to solve the property right conflict of mountain land between the local people and the private enterprises according to property right theory.     

Evaluation of harmonious development for economy-environment system in coastal cities： a case study of Tianjin Municipality

With the aim of the harmonious development of economy-environment system in coastal cities in China. an index ,system used to evaluate the economy-environment system is built up in this paper, which includes four aspects： economy, environment, resources, and ocean industry. Based on the analysis on present condition and future trends of economic development in Tianjin and the quantification of various evaluation indices, the aathor applies integrated index valuation model to valuate the harmonious development af economy-environment of Tianjin. The results show that the coordinated degree of economy-environment would drop down in the future, from 0.95（superior level of harmonious development） in 2000 to 0.59（inferior level of harmonious development） in 2015. under the circumstance of the current economic development mode. The level of comprehensive development of Tianjin also presents to descend. Based on the analyzing of status and future trends of environment-economy coordinated development, the paper puts forward the countermeasures such as industry, structure adjustment, increasing the level of environmental protection investment, strengthening the enforcement of en vironmental policies to improve the coordinated development of environment-economy in Tianjin municipality.     

Emergy evaluation of the artificial forest ecosystems in the watershed of Miyun Reservoir：a case study for ecosystems valuation and environmental management

To build the artificial forest ecosystem is the major eco-economic development model in the watershed of Miyun Reservoir. It is very important to evaluate the benefits of those ecosystems. Emergy theories are very helpful for us to establish a science-based assessment framework. Emergy evaluation of the artificial forest ecosystems in the watershed of Miyun Reservoir is used to asses the relative values of several ecological functions （sometimes called ecosystem services） and main ecosystem storages （sometimes called natural capital）. The main driving energies, internal processes and storages are evaluated. The main functions, including transpiration, GPP and infiltration, are evaluated, which are 609em$/ha/yr, 6,245em$/ha/yr and 340em$/ha/yr respectively. The total values of major environmental services are 4,683em$/ha/yr in the artificial forest ecosystem. The main storages of natural capital including live biomass, soil moisture, organic matter, underground water and landform are estimated, which are 112,028em$/ha, 9em$/ha, 40,718em$/ha, 34em$/ha and 6,400,514em$/ha respectively. The largest value is landform, which accounts for 97.7% of these calculated total emdollar values. The concept of replacement value is explored using the emergy values of both ecosystem services and natural capital. The total calculated replacement values are 302,160em$/ha.     

Research on the Development Model of Ecological Agriculture in Loess Hilly-Gully Region of Northern Shannxi, China

On the Loess Plateau of China, facing the vulnerable environment, local people have to try their best to guarantee the security of food, and at the same time, to control the most serious soil erosion in the world. The paper introduces two typical models of ecological agriculture: ecological agriculture with commodity and agriculture with soil and water conservation. According to the local natural condition, the model of eco-agriculture with commodity could be characterized by the structure of “agriculture-byproduct”, “agriculture-fruit” or “agriculture-forestry-husbandry”. The development of agriculture with soil and water conservation has decreased the soil erosion rate from 12, 184 ton/kin^2 in 1980 to 458.4 ton/kin^2 in 1999, while the farmers‘ income has increasingly risen. Analyses on the two models‘ benefits both in terms of ecological and agricultural economy show that there is a great possibility to construct or restore good eco-environment with comprehensive control in the hilly-gully area of north Shannxi. Further more, the paper points out the potential problems of foodstuff production and stockbreeding development in forming ecological agriculture and eco-environmental restoration.     

影响西藏地区GDP增长的相关要素分析——基于经济权利禀赋视角

实施西部大开发战略十年来,在西藏自治区党委、政府的正确领导下,西藏的经济社会发展取得了有目共睹的巨大成就.毋庸置疑的是,相对落后的西藏在未来的发展中仍然会面临很多棘手的难题.弄清影响西藏地区GDP增长的相关因素,将会对西藏的发展有极好的促进作用.本研究基于经济权利禀赋的视角,运用SPSS软件处理数据,建立多元非线性回归分析模型,得出影响因素与GDP之间的函数关系.     

沟域经济发展对山西山区村域经济发展的启示——以太原为例

沟域经济是北京山区发展中提出的一种经济发展模式。以太原市为例,在分析其山区村域经济发展现状的基础上,借鉴北京沟域经济发展经验提出太原山区村域经济发展面临的主要问题及解决对策,以期为山西山区村域经济发展提供借鉴与参考。     

江苏区域创新能力比较分析及对策建议——基于《中国区域创新能力报告2013》数据

多年来,江苏高度重视科技进步与创新在经济社会发展中的重要作用,确立科技创新在发展全局中的核心位置,深入实施创新驱动战略,加快建设创新型省份,积极探索科技经济紧密结合的体制机制,有力地促进了科技第一生产力的大发展。根据中国科技发展战略研究小组发布的《中国区域创新能力报告》,2009年以来,江苏区域创新能力连续五年位居全国第一,是我国创新活力最强、创新成果最多、创新氛围最浓的省份之一。本文以《中国区域创新能力报告2013》的数据为基础,把江苏的各主要指标数据与广东、浙江、山东等创新先进地区进行比较分析,梳理找出江苏区域创新的优势与不足,总结归纳江苏推进科技改革发展的经验做法,提出进一步推动科技进步与创新、加快实现创新驱动发展的对策建议。     

山区农户经济行为与林业持续发展

本文通过对浙江省临安市高虹乡和临目乡的调查,分析现阶段山区农户经济行为的特征,阐明林业的持续发展对山区农户经济行为的要求以及两者之间存在的矛盾或偏差,提出优化山区农户经济行为的外部环境和内部条件,以利于林业的持续发展。     

多元灾害驱动下的山地农业生态经济:脆弱性与恢复力研究

山地农业生态系统是一个典型的复杂社会生态系统,受到自然灾害与人类活动的双重干扰,多维脆弱性与灾害恢复力是国际上研究的热点与前沿问题。测量、模拟和分析复杂的山地"生态-经济"系统的互动过程,研究人类高强度活动和全球环境快速变化对这个过程的驱动作用,进行灾害恢复和适应性管理,制定可持续发展政策,具有重要的理论和现实意义。在查阅大量文献的基础上,论述了国际、国内山地农业生态经济系统的研究现状、相关理论与方法,分析了当前山地农业生态经济系统脆弱性与灾害恢复力研究的重点,提出了当前山地农业生态经济系统研究的发展趋势和呈现出的新特点。     

广东北部山区经济增长点的培育思路

由于历史、地理环境、发展基础等多方面原因,广东北部山区与广东其他区域经济相比较,存在着较大的差异。近年来北部山区经济虽有较大的发展,但仍然比较落后。本文从北部山区经济发展现状入手,采用比较分析的方法揭示山区经济发展中存在的主要问题,探讨培育广东北部山区经济增长点。     

世界城市会展业发展的借鉴作用研究

北京在2009年12月提出了建设世界城市的总体规划.北京世界城市建设依赖于第三产业的发展,依赖于高端服务业的发展,会展业是其中一种重要的业态.“世界城市”是指国际大都市的高端形态,它对全球的政治、经济、文化等方面有着重要的影响力.从巴黎、伦敦、纽约和东京等世界城市的会展业发展可以看出,会展业发展能极大的拉动经济,促进文化传播与国际经济合作,并迅速提升其经济服务化水平.借鉴这些世界城市的发展经验,北京应着力打造世界级文化主题活动,积极申办世界级会展活动,提升会展业的国际化程度,加强会展硬件配套,并提升服务软实力     

中国省域碳强度驱动因素研究--基于空间计量模型

文章基于1995-2011年面板数据,采用空间计量模型,通过构建经济权重矩阵,分别从空间滞后模型(SLM)和空间误差模型(SEM)对中国30个省（市、区）的二氧化碳排放强度驱动因素进行研究。研究结论表明：在样本期间,中国二氧化碳排放强度的Moran指数均为正值,且通过了1%的显著性水平检验,表明其具有显著的空间依赖性,本地区的碳排放强度会受到邻近省份碳排放的显著影响;二氧化碳排放强度与产业结构、能源消费结构、能源强度成正比,与外商直接投资、人均GDP、人口密度成反比。最后,文章提出相关政策建议,即优化产业结构、改善能源使用结构、适当提高建成区的人口密度等能有效降低中国的碳排放强度。     

Public choice on coordinated development of border regions and its empirical research： a case study of Wuling mountain area

Due to the difficult segmentation of land destiny, popularity destiny, industry destiny on the platform of common interests demand, the regional governance of production and living for the needs of the people in cross-regional areas, such as in the aspects of security, education, assignment and management of water resources, transportation, energy, environment protection and public health, the administrative border regional cooperation is relatively easy. These aspects are equivalent to public products. Just because of this, it leads to problems that nobody will not control. The governments, in order to realize regional economic coordinated development and to eliminate the regional interests parties of administrative regions economy in microcosmic, were adapting various self-protection measures, even including that ＂you may have your policy but I have my countermeasures＂ that is derived from inter-regional economic relations. The action of market segmentation has limited the flow of various economic development elements, especially the condition of ＂dead end highway＂, resource exploitation and use, difficult social security work in social living of the administrative boundary zone. This paper studies the typical economical district of Wuling mountain area in the obvious strategic position at the junction of Chongqing, Guizhou, Hunan, Hubei provinces from the angle of regional public management and public choice to present issue awareness and academic purpose.     

我国服务业发展的区域差异及其动态演化——基于Theil指数视角的分析

服务业的发展水平已成为一个衡量国家和地区社会经济发达程度的重要标志.中国经济自改革开放以来得到了前所未有的发展,服务业也进入高速发展时期,各地服务业在促进经济增长的同时在国民经济中的地位也在日渐提升,由于区域发展的不平衡,服务业的发展也存在区域差异.本文运用泰尔指数测算并分析了我国服务业区域差异及其变迁.结果表明,我国服务业发展的区域差异较为明显,主要是三大经济区域之间发展不平衡,总体差异是先缩小后扩大的趋势;差异主要来源于区域内部,其中大部分来源于东部区域内差异,即东部地区内部差异处于缩小趋势,西部地区呈扩大趋势,中部地区较为平稳;从服务业国内生产总值来看,东部服务业在总量上远远超过西部地区.在加快服务业发展的同时,应促进区域协调发展并优化服务业的产业结构.