家族企业管理层行为对企业创新绩效的影响——长期导向的中介效应与组织惯例的调节作用

家族企业在世界经济中扮演着重要角色,备受国内外学者关注。通过研究家族参与管理和CEO长期任职与企业创新绩效之间的关系,探讨了长期导向的中介效应与组织惯例的调节作用。基于浙皖家族企业样本实证分析,得出以下结论:家族参与管理和企业创新绩效之间存在倒“U”型关系;家族企业CEO长期任职对长期导向的形成有积极正向影响;长期导向在CEO长期任职与家族企业创新绩效间起中介作用;组织惯例正向调节家族参与管理对创新绩效的影响,正向调节长期导向对创新绩效的影响。通过探究管理层行为对企业创新绩效的影响,丰富了国内家族企业研究成果,也为家族企业响应不断变化的外部环境、实现可持续创新发展提供了有益启示。     

Innovation And Inter-Firm Co-Operation: The Case Of The West Midlands

Drawing upon the innovative milieux and industrial districts literature, the paper provides substantial empirical evidence that firms have a greater chance of being innovative if they co-operate with other firms over innovation, albeit undertaking no investment in RLD. This is an important result especially for small firms. In particular, the paper focuses on inter-firm cwperation along the supply chain, using a swey of firms in the West Midlands to investi-gate co-operation over innovation between suppliers and buyers. A probit model is used to test the link between innovation performance and four innovation inputs: R&D expenditure, R&D personnel, networking with suppliers and networking with client firms.     

标准化与企业的R&D投入倾向：基于中国工业企业数据的经验研究*

本文以工业企业的微观数据为基础，检验了标准化对企业R&D投入倾向的影响。理论上，标准化既可能促进也可能制约创新。而本文的研究发现，我国的标准化总体上显著提高了企业的R&D强度。进一步的研究表明，相较于竞争对手的标准制定活动，企业自身参与标准制定对R&D的激励效果更大，并且这种影响在大企业和非国有企业中更显著。此外，本文还发现，标准制定企业之间虽然相互施加了创新约束效应，但这种影响在统计上并不显著。     

技术创新与产业结构转型的地区经济增长效应

选取2006-2016年中国内地30个省（市、区）数据,构建动态空间杜宾模型并结合中介效应模型,研究技术创新影响经济增长的直接效应,以及产业结构转型对经济增长的间接效应。研究结果发现：我国经济增长存在正向空间溢出效应;经济增长具有动态、积极的正向连续性特征。在直接效应方面,本地区技术创新对经济增长呈显著正向影响,而周边地区技术创新呈显著负向影响;产业结构合理化对经济增长呈显著负向影响,产业结构高级化呈显著正向影响;技术创新与产业结构转型融合缓解了产业结构合理化对经济增长的抑制程度,提升了产业结构高级化对经济的促进效果。在间接效应方面,产业结构转型是技术创新与经济增长的中间传导环节,产业结构合理化与产业结构高级化均为正向中介效应。本地区技术创新对经济增长的直接效应大于间接效应,周边技术创新对经济增长的直接效应小于间接效应。     

产业政策、创新与制造企业服务化——基于“中国制造2025”准自然实验的经验研究

运用2000—2019年中国上市公司数据库，以2015年“中国制造2025”战略实施作为准自然实验，构建双重差分模型检验产业政策对制造企业服务化的影响及作用机制。结果发现，“中国制造2025”战略能够显著促进制造业服务化率提升。异质性分析表明，与国有企业和外资企业相比，民营企业所受的促进作用更显著；与西部地区企业相比，东部地区企业和中部地区企业所受的促进作用更显著。机制检验发现，产业政策能够通过提高全要素生产率和增加投资激励创新，进而促进制造企业服务化。同时，产业政策可能通过降低投资收益率抑制创新，进而阻碍制造企业服务化。上述结论不仅能够丰富相关文献，而且可以为产业政策有效性争论提供进一步的经验证据。     

High‐Performance Management Practices and Employee Outcomes in Denmark

High‐performance work practices are frequently considered to have positive effects on corporate performance, but what do they do for employees? After assessing the correlation between organizational innovation and firm performance, this article investigates whether high‐involvement work practices affect workers in terms of wages, wage inequality and workforce composition. The analysis is based on a survey directed at Danish firms matched with linked employer–employee data and also examines whether the relationship between high‐involvement work practices and employee outcomes is affected by the industrial relations context.     

买方抗衡势力对上游企业技术创新的影响——基于规模以上工业企业的实证分析

在考虑上游市场结构的情况下,利用2002年、2007年和2012年中国规模以上工业企业的行业面板数据,利用投入产出表中的直接消耗系数构造下游市场势力变量,通过构建计量模型从行业层面考察了买方抗衡势力对上游企业技术创新投入的影响,并讨论了该影响在不同行业的差异。所得结论如下:从整体回归结果来看,买方抗衡势力对上游企业的技术创新有促进作用;从分行业回归结果来看,买方抗衡势力对采矿业企业、轻纺制造业企业和机械电子业企业的技术创新有负向影响,对资源加工业企业的技术创新有正向影响,对公共生产服务业企业技术创新的影响不显著。     

Evolving roles and dynamic capabilities of an innovation agency: the Dutch Rijksnijverheidsdienst, 1910–1940

Contemporary literature on intermediary organisations does not cover the history of these organisations in the early twentieth century or how their roles evolved. To understand the evolution of roles, this paper extends the application of dynamic capabilities theory from firms to intermediary organisations. It does this by studying a Dutch government innovation agency between 1910 and 1940 with dynamic capabilities in mediation and knowledge development. These capabilities are illustrated by nine examples that reveal how the agency's consultants modified and extended their resource base in order to continue supporting small and medium-sized enterprises while coping with considerable challenges and changes. Thereby, this paper shows that the dynamic capabilities theory can explain how intermediary organisations can adapt their roles.     

团队稳定性与企业创新

创新对于以“基业长青”为目标的家族企业意义重大。以2011-2015年中国上市家族企业作为样本,运用社会情感财富理论和企业行为理论,分析了团队稳定性与企业创新之间的关系,并探讨了期望差距与制度效率对两者关系的调节作用。结果表明：团队稳定性与企业创新之间呈正相关关系;期望落差对团队稳定性与企业创新之间的关系没有显著影响,而期望顺差会削弱团队稳定性与企业创新之间的正向关系;制度效率会削弱团队稳定性与企业创新之间的正向关系。进一步研究发现,家族涉入水平不会对团队稳定性与企业创新之间的关系产生显著影响。以团队作为切入点研究家族企业创新问题,不仅丰富了现有研究视角,还为家族企业开展创新活动提供了一定的理论依据。     

Technology and worker coopratives: some UK evidence and a framework for investigation

This paper considers the relationship between cooperatives i n the ‘new wave’ and the technology they use. Data and examples from the UK are presented to show that there is no general support either for the ‘optimistic’ hypothesis that cooperatives are necessarily able to make humanizing choices about technology or for the ‘pessimistic’ hypothesis that they are completely constrained by technology. A framework is developed for analysing the factors which may or may not allow technological choices. The paper goes on to form a new hypothesis in two parts: firstly, that small firms i n general have more freedom to make choices about technology the more they have independence from large firms and the market, and the more they are i n areas of product innovation, particularly IT-based innovation; secondly, given a degree of freedom to make such choices, the choice is more likely to be made successfully in the direction of humanizing uses of technology the more there is potential for identif;cation between job, product and social or political aims. The paper concludes by describing a research project now under way exploring the relative importance of these factors in established UK worker cooperatives.     

On the joint effect of technological and management innovations on performance: increasing or diminishing returns?

Most studies on innovation are aimed at covering technological innovation, neglecting other modes of innovation based on non-technological drivers. The latter, referred to as management innovation, consists of the implementation of new management practices, processes or organisational tasks. This work advances knowledge on the topic by exploring the joint effect of simultaneously introducing technological and management innovations on performance. Based on an analysis of 12,563 Spanish firms drawn from CIS data, our findings suggest that firms frequently pursue the simultaneous or joint introduction of both technological and management innovations and that integration impacts positively on a firm’s performance, evidencing an inverted U-shape that suggest positive but diminishing returns. A theoretical framework using the capability-based view embraces the emerging conversation on management innovation issues and its relationship with the well-researched technological one.     

Knowledge resources and innovation performance: the mediation of innovation capability moderated by management commitment

This paper examines the process that links knowledge resources to innovation performance. We propose that this relationship is mediated by innovation capability and that management commitment moderates this mediation effect. To measure innovation performance, we create an indicator that summarises the impact of innovation activities on products, processes and sustainability. The sample comprises 9432 firms in different sectors included in the Community Innovation Survey (CIS). The results confirm that knowledge resources not only have a direct positive effect on innovation performance but also an indirect effect by improving the firm's innovation capability. We also confirm the moderating role of management commitment, but with limitations. This research, therefore, throws light on how firms can leverage their knowledge resources to gain a competitive advantage based on innovation.     

Enhancing innovation through learning: the roles of market orientation and interorganisational knowledge stores

Drawing on the organisational learning theory, this study regards market orientation as a market-based learning and seeks to advance insight into how market orientation and interorganisational knowledge stores together affect different types of innovation. Our findings from a sample of 246 manufacturing firms provide supporting evidence for the positive effect of market orientation on both explorative and exploitative innovation. The effect of market orientation on innovation gets amplified when firms possess large amount of interorganisational knowledge, demonstrating the synergistic effect produced by different types of learning which is less known. This study, therefore, sheds light on the under-researched area of literature surrounding the interaction between different learning activities and the roles of knowledge from different sources on firm innovation.     

创新网络生成因素的重要性识别研究——以上海医药产业为例

本文以上海医药产业为研究对象,基于随机森林模型检验了诸多因素对于创新网络生成和拓扑的影响,并且对这些生成因素的重要性进行了识别研究。研究发现:(1)创新网络个体属性为大学或者科研机构对于网络生成的影响最为重要,表明公共研发机构的知识外溢是网络生成重要动力;(2)创新网络个体的节点度有助于进一步的创新合作,证明了"合作的竞争"机制是网络生成的重要驱动力;(3)社交网络与专利维权能力影响次之,表明网络链接的外生交易成本和内生交易成本对医药产业创新网络生成有重要影响;(4)企业自身的技术创新能力、知识的互补性与知识的多样性对于网络的生成帮助并不大,表明现阶段上海医药产业内企业之间创新合作的意向性并不强,同时发现了大企业创新合作中存在着"越强越狭隘"的现象。     

Learning tomanage innovation

Technological innovation is widely accepted to be a complex learning proces through which firms try to acquire and develop distinctive technological competence. But there is a second dimension to such learning which relates to the ways in which the innovation process is managed, which also involves a developmental, cumulative progress. No all firms have the same level of skill in managing projects, in understanding user needs, in search behaviour, in managing inter-fin relationship, etc.; these are all abilities which are learned over time. This paper reviews the concept of capability development as it applies to the management of technological innovation. It illustrates this with the example of continuous improvement (CI)—a key capability which is associated with high levels of involvement in the innovation process through the contribution of regular incremental improvement ideas from a large proportion of th workforce. CI is a simple concept bus is proving very difficult to implement successful in practice; arguably, this is because it involves extensive learning and adaptation. In exploring this issue the paper draws upon the results of a 5-year empirical study into the adoption and implementation of CI within European enterprises. The paper concludes with some comments on the process of 'learning to learn' and argues that managing this process is a key component of strategic technology management.     

制造企业绿色创新对政府支持的影响机制——合法性的中介作用

利用新制度主义理论，通过对284家非国有制造企业的问卷调查，采用多元回归分析方法，探讨了制造企业绿色创新对政府支持的影响机制，以及合法性在其中的中介作用。在此基础上，进一步分样本分析了政治关联和所处行业竞争强度在制造企业绿色创新与政府支持关系中的作用机制。研究发现，制造企业绿色创新有助于企业获得政府支持，且合法性在其中发挥了中介作用；在没有政治关联及处于高强度竞争行业的情况下，制造企业绿色创新通过合法性影响政府支持的效应更强。运用新制度主义理论中的合法性观点，将制造企业绿色创新视为一种获得政府支持的战略，将绿色创新后果的研究从企业经济绩效层面拓展到企业与政府关系层面，不仅跳出了学术界关于制造企业绿色创新能否提升经济绩效的争论，也为更好地理解制造企业绿色创新动力提供了一种新思路。     

创新网络双重嵌入、网络耦合与产业升级：基于上市企业面板数据的实证分析

创新网络多元嵌入是企业网络能力形成和产业升级的重要驱动力。基于网络双重嵌入和网络耦合视角,选取2009-2020年291家中国平板显示产业上市公司作为研究样本,实证分析企业个体创新网络与股东关系网络双重嵌入及企业个体创新能力对产业升级的作用路径。结果表明,企业个体创新网络连通性与网络团体规模、股东关系网络密度及企业创新能力均正向影响产业升级,并且由于企业管理者与投资者间的创新决策冲突给产业升级带来负面影响,企业间网络连通性和企业个体研发投入在股东间过于紧密的关系影响下反而不利于产业升级。进一步研究表明,产业升级是综合企业个体创新、企业间创新合作和企业投资者合作等多个层次的多维度动态过程,降低数字创新不确定性和有效利用网络化创新合作机制将是产业数字创新的重要研究方向。     

Innovation and Productivity in European Industries

The labour productivity impact of innovation is investigated in this paper combining neo-Schumpeterian insights on the variety of innovation with the importance of industrial structures and firm size; two models are proposed for explaining productivity and export success in European manufacturing industries and firm-size classes. The empirical estimates are based on data from the European innovation survey (CIS 2), covering Austria, France, Italy, the Netherlands, and the UK, broken down by 22 sectors and for large, medium, and small firms. The econometric results, obtained adopting cross-sectional estimation methodologies able to account for unobserved industrial characteristics, show that productivity in Europe relies on product and process innovation, with the support of the efficiency gains provided by grouped business structures. Conversely, in Italy the introduction of new machinery linked to innovation appears as the key mechanism supporting domestic productivity. When export success is considered, all countries have to rely on an innovation-based model of competitiveness.     

Does top management Team’s academic experience promote corporate innovation? Evidence from China

This study investigates whether top management teams’ academic experience affects corporate innovation, using manually-collected data on Chinese firms from the period of 2008–2017. The results indicate that academic experience has a strong positive effect on corporate innovation. The positive effect of academic experience on corporate innovation is more pronounced, when firms grow faster or are non-state-owned. By exploring the transmission channels, the results generally show that academic experience influences corporate innovation by improving internal controls and reducing the degree of information asymmetry. These findings are among the first empirical evidence of the association between academic experience of top management teams and corporate innovation.     

市场环境影响下颠覆式创新实现路径研究——基于小米公司案例的扎根分析

市场环境对颠覆式创新具有重要影响，探讨市场环境影响下颠覆式创新实现路径能够丰富颠覆式创新理论研究。在文献讨论的基础上，选取小米公司作为研究对象，运用扎根理论研究方法对案例进行剖析。结果发现：市场环境对颠覆式创新的影响主要表现在技术、需求和产业3个方面，后发企业在市场环境的影响下可以通过技术创新和价值网络重构两条路径实现颠覆式创新。在理论上，为探讨市场环境与颠覆式创新关系提供分析框架，并提出后发企业在市场环境影响下实现颠覆式创新的思路。在实践上，为后发企业正确认知市场环境并有针对性地构建颠覆式创新实现路径提供对策建议。