中国内资酒店业全要素生产率评价

文章以2005—2014年我国31个省域的面板数据为样本,运用非参数DEA-Malmquist生产率指数法,分析我国内资酒店业的全要素生产率(TFP)现状,并将全要素生产率分解为技术进步、纯技术效率和规模效率,对我国内资酒店业全要素生产率及其分解的时序变化和省域差异进行了分析。研究发现,这10年间我国内资酒店业的全要素生产率总体上变化不大,年均增长率为3.3%,上升主要的原因在于技术进步,而历年平均纯技术效率和规模效率均没有显著的进步,且不同省域之间的差异较大。     

中国商业银行全要素生产率分析——基于三阶段Malmquist指数模型

本文运用三阶段Malmquist指数对我国商业银行2004—2008年的全要素生产率变化情况进行研究。研究结果表明,环境变量对我国商业银行的投入变量有显著的影响,传统的Malmquist方法高估了我国商业银行全要素生产率变化指数、技术进步变化指数以及技术效率变化指数;我国银行业在2004—2008年间出现了全要素生产率的改进,这主要源于技术进步的作用;金融危机的爆发使得我国银行业整体生产率大幅度下降,但对国有商业银行的影响要小于对股份制商业银行的影响。     

不良贷款约束下的中国银行业全要素生产率增长研究

本文运用共同边界Malmquist-Luenberger生产率指数测度了2004—2009年中国27家商业银行在不良贷款约束下的全要素生产率增长及其成分,并对影响全要素生产率增长的宏观经济因素进行了实证分析。本文的主要结论有:在表示偏离共同边界的技术落差比率方面,国有商业银行呈"V"型,股份制商业银行较平稳,城市商业银行逐步上升;总体上,中国银行业的全要素生产率是进步的,纯技术进步是推动全要素生产率进步的主要动力,纯技术效率变化和规模效率变化进步都不明显,技术规模变化显示中国银行业趋向CRS边界;股份制商业银行的纯技术赶超最优,而潜在技术相对变动方面表现较弱;外资银行进入和固定资产投资增加对银行全要素生产率提高有推动作用。     

中国制造业的生产率增长、技术进步与技术效率——基于DEA的实证分析

本文以全部国有及规模以上制造业28个行业为研究对象,运用数据包络分析(DEA)相对效率评价方法,首先测算了制造业28个行业的技术效率和规模效率,在此基础上运用Malmquist生产率指数法测算了制造业全要素生产率指数、技术进步指数与技术效率指数,对技术效率指数进一步分解为纯技术效率和规模效率指数。结论认为,我国制造业行业技术效率和规模效率差异显著,多数行业不能达到技术与规模同时有效,但随时间推移技术效率和规模效率呈增长态势;制造业行业全要素生产率呈现不断增长趋势,主要原因得益于技术进步水平和纯技术效率的提高,而规模效率则表现为下降趋势,加快行业技术进步,提高技术效率和规模效率必将成为制造业行业全要素生产率提高的战略选择。     

效率体现式技术进步对经济增长的贡献分析

要素生产率提升是技术进步的效用结果和完整体现。本文引入效率体现式技术进步概念,以资本生产率与劳动生产率的综合指数来体现总体技术进步水平,构建经济增长中资本规模、劳动力规模和总体技术进步三因素贡献的分解模型,并利用中国1980-2010年的时间序列数据,对期间的技术进步贡献及其结构进行了实证分析。本文研究结果表明,经济增长的动力主要源于资本规模增长,劳动力投入规模贡献不大,技术进步贡献不小。技术进步贡献主要源于生产技术质量和生产技术效率,产业间劳动力构成和其他管理技术进步贡献微小。     

所有权结构改革对工业行业 全要素生产率的影响 ——基于放松进入规制的视角

本文运用DEA-Malmquist指数法测算和分解了我国30个工业行业的全要素生产率,并分析了所有权结构对全要素生产率的影响。研究结论表明：（1）我国工业行业全要素生产率呈现增长趋势,技术进步明显,但对技术研发成果的吸收转化能力不足;（2）行业所有权结构与全要素生产率之间存在显著负相关关系;（3）行业的市场竞争度增强同样有助于促进全要素生产率的提高,因此可以说明以放松规制为导向的产权结构改革和市场结构改革同时进行、互相促进的关系。     

产业集聚、企业规模与全要素生产率增长——基于长三角制造业行业面板数据的分析

本文首先从理论上分析了产业集聚、企业规模对TFP增长的影响;其次,运用非参数的Malmquist生产率指数方法,测算了1998—2007年我国长三角地区两省一市(江苏、浙江、上海)20个制造业行业的全要素生产率增长及其技术效率和技术进步的变化;最后,用面板数据的计量回归模型对长三角两省一市制造业行业全要素生产率的影响因素进行了实证检验。得出以下结论:长三角地区两省一市制造业行业全要素生产率的增长主要是由技术进步带来的,而技术效率变化指数表现出负增长;产业集聚和企业规模对上海、江苏和浙江制造业行业TFP增长的作用显著,且产业集聚的作用大于企业规模的作用。     

中国工业生产绩效:1998-2007——基于细分行业的推广随机前沿生产函数的分析

文章利用推广的随机前沿生产函数对我国1998-2007年36个细分行业的面板数据进行分析,估计了我国工业的技术效率和全要素生产率.分析结果表明,较高市场化程度的经济制度、较大的产业规模和较低的能源消耗均有利于生产效率的提高;我国工业生产效率是存在波动的,而且行业之间的差异十分明显;全要素生产率是在波动中增长的,2003年是其峰值;行业规模与生产效率表现出了开口向下的抛物线关系,而与全要素生产率却呈反方向变化;总体上,我国工业TFP增长主要源自技术进步和资源配置效率的改善,但各行业TFP增长的源泉差异巨大.     

技术效率、技术进步与中国农业生产率增长

本文运用DEA-Malmquist生产率指数分析方法,对转型期中国农业全要素生产率增长的时间演变和省区空间分布进行实证分析,将其分解为技术进步、纯技术效率变化和规模效率变化三部分。结论表明,转型期农业全要素生产率增长较为显著,各省区之间的全要素生产率增长差异较大,并呈现出明显的阶段性变化特征,这一全要素生产率增长主要由农业前沿技术进步贡献,技术效率状况改善的贡献很有限。此外,农村经济制度变迁和地区经济发展程度也是影响农业全要素生产率增长的重要因素。     

我国工业行业全要素生产率变动分析

基于2006—2009年我国工业行业的面板数据,采用非参数Malmquist指数分析法,对我国工业的全要素生产率变动情况进行了实证研究,并将其分解为技术进步、纯技术效率和规模效率。结果表明:2006—2009年我国工业全要素生产率年均增长率仅为4.3%,技术进步年均增长率为1.6%,技术效率年均增长率为2.7%,技术进步已失去其推动全要素生产率增长的主导性优势地位;我国工业发展需注重同时提高技术效率和技术进步水平,否则全要素生产率增长会受到限制。     

Productivity growth and biased technical change in French higher education

This paper analyses the nature of technical change in the French labour market. Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is adopted to investigate productivity change in a sample of higher education leavers over the period 1999 and 2004. In a first step, the Luenberger Productivity Indicator (LPI) is used to estimate and to decompose productivity change. Following LPI, a better productivity is found for the workers in Paris and the well-qualified occupations in France. In analysing the nature of the technical change by the concept of parallel neutrality, technical progress seems to have influenced all professions. In particular, biased inputs of human capital component benefit more for the well qualified professions with an upper increase of the efficiency scores for executives and teachers. Furthermore, some evidences show the key role of “learning by doing” in the worker's adaptation to technical change. Policy implications are then derived from our results.     

Technical change and the measurement of productivity in an input-output model

This paper examines the relationship between technical change and partial and total factor productivity measurement in an n-sector input-output economy. The level of productivity is shown to increase if there is technical change and constant final demands. However, the aggregate level of productivity can fall if there is technical change and if final demands alter. The relationship between technical change and productivity is complicated and counterintuitive results can occur. When the rate of growth of productivity is analyzed, it is found that productivity growth can decline when there is technical change and accelerating technical change, even if final demands are constant. Implications for intranational and international productivity comparisons are discussed.     

不同教育水平对全要素生产率增长的影响——来自中国省份的实证研究

本文计算了从1993年到2001年间中国29个省份的生产率增长数据的曼奎斯特指数，然后通过面板数据计量经济模型研究了不同教育水平对技术效率的影响。我们的结果显示，大学教育对效率改善和技术进步都具有有利影响，而中小学教育对于效率改善具有不利影响；而且，大学教育对效率改善的有利影响是通过具有大学教育水平的劳动者向更有效率的非国有企业再分配实现的。     

Dynamic productivity growth and its determinants in the Indonesian food and beverages industry

ABSTRACT

This research investigates dynamic productivity growth and its determinants in the Indonesian food and beverages industry decomposing dynamic productivity growth into the contributions of dynamic technical inefficiency change, dynamic technical change, and dynamic scale inefficiency change. The empirical application employs unbalanced panel data of 44 subsectors in the Indonesian food and beverages industry over 1990–2014. To estimate dynamic productivity growth, this research uses a Luenberger indicator accounting for the presence of adjustment costs. The results show that dynamic productivity growth exhibits a decreasing trend. Dynamic technical inefficiency change and dynamic scale inefficiency change contribute positively to dynamic productivity growth, while dynamic technical change contributes negatively. Dynamic productivity growth is affected by the change in industrial concentration, the growth rate of capital intensity, the growth rate of exports, the growth rate of foreign direct investment, and location.     

The impact of military technology transfer on economic growth: international evidence

The purpose of this article is to measure the impact of military technology transfer on economic growth for 67 selected countries during the period 2000 to 2005 through the application of the Malmquist productivity index, which is broken down into efficiency change and technical change. Our main findings are as follows. First, technology diffusion is all-pervading in half of the sampled countries due to pure efficiency and scale efficiency changes. Second, a higher-income level and an excess of arms imports lead to innovative activities. Third, middle-income countries have higher efficiency and pure efficiency changes; these contribute to higher total productivity change. Finally, after separating the impact of capital investment from that of arms imports, the diffusion of military technology has a more positive and substantial impact on economic growth, thereby revealing the presence of externalities between countries.     

The productivity debate of East Asia revisited: a stochastic frontier approach

This paper applies a stochastic frontier production model to the data from Penn World Table's 49 countries over the period 1965 to 1990, to decompose total factor productivity growth into technical change and technical efficiency change. Empirical results show East Asian countries led the world in productivity growth, mainly because their technical efficiency gain was so much faster than that of other countries. East Asian countries also registered rapid technical change, which was comparable to that of the G6 countries after the late 1980s. The results provide evidence that negate the hypothesis that East Asian growth was mostly input-driven and unsustainable.     

Human capital in OECD countries: Technical change,efficiency and productivity

The aim of this paper is to analyse the role of human capital in the productivity gains of the OECD countries in the period 1965-90, breaking down the productivity gains into technical change and gains in efficiency. For this purpose we use both a stochastic frontier approach and a non-parametric approach (DEA) and calculate Malmquist indices of productivity. The results obtained indicate the existence of both a level effect (a higher level of human capital raises labour productivity) and a rate effect (a higher level of human capital affects positively the rate of technical change) associated with human capital. The differences among countries in endowments of human capital have worked against labour productivity convergence, since the richer countries, thanks to their greater endowment of human capital, have experienced higher rates of technical change.     

环境约束下中国与世界主要国家技术效率和生产率的测度与比较

运用含非期望产出的超效率SBM模型和GML指数,对中国与世界主要国家1991-2016年的分别在考虑和不考虑环境约束下的技术效率和全要素生产率进行测度与比较。研究发现,不考虑环境约束的测度结果忽略了一国发展所造成的污染损失,导致技术效率与生产率被高估；中国的技术效率在考虑环境因素后显著下降,总效率排名从样本中的第16位下降至第40位。时间趋势上,中国的环境效率与技术效率的差距呈现先扩大后缩小,且近年来有逐渐趋同的态势；动态视角上,不考虑环境约束时中国的全要素生产率变化总体呈现增长趋势,但在考虑环境因素后中国的环境全要素生产率转变为下降趋势,这其中,技术进步的下降是影响环境全要素生产率变化的主要因素。     

Productivity and efficiency change and shareholder value: evidence from the Spanish banking sector

Productivity change and shareholder value have been analysed in the banking sector in the last few years, although it should be noted that these two important aspects have been studied separately. In this regard, the main contribution of our study is to link these two lines of research by verifying whether those banks characterized by higher levels of efficiency and productivity change have a higher shareholder value. To measure changes in efficiency and productivity we use the Malmquist nonparametric technique, which is calculated from Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) linear programming approach. The Malmquist total factor productivity index enables separation of the ‘catching up’ effect, i.e. changes over time in technical efficiency, from ‘technological change’, i.e. the shift of best practice frontier over time due to technological progress. Our results for a sample of listed Spanish banks in the period 2000 to 2004 confirm that those banks with higher efficiency and productivity changes have a higher shareholder value, even after controlling for the impact of traditional measures of performance, such as return on assets.     

Productivity Trends in Australian and New Zealand Manufacturing

The purpose of this article is to study relative trends in total factor productivity (TFP) between the Australian and New Zealand manufacturing sectors from 1986 to 1996. Since 1984 both economies have undergone major structural changes with varying degrees of speed and intensity. We use the Malmquist index to measure TFP growth and decompose it into an efficiency change and a technical change component. This decomposition provides extra insight on assessing relative productivity trends during a period of economic reform. The results indicate the Australian manufacturing sector exhibits better rates of individual factor productivity performance while multifactor productivity is estimated to be higher in New Zealand manufacturing. TFP growth in New Zealand is driven by technical rather than efficiency change. In fact, the New Zealand manufacturing average rate of efficiency change is estimated to be negative over the sample period.