国有商业银行与股份制商业银行的长期贷款特征差异研究——基于我国上市公司长期借款数据

选择2009年上市公司的银行贷款为研究样本,将其分为仅获得国有商业银行和仅获得股份制商业银行贷款的两组相对立的样本,对其进行独立样本T检验,研究两种性质银行在选择贷款客户、贷款定价上的差异。以期对我国金融政策的完善方面提供有益的借鉴。     

国有股权重、政策性负担与绩效——国有银行战略引资方案探析

We present a mixed oligopoly model for private banks and a public bank with mixed ownership and policy burden to research the program of strategic investor importing for state-owned banks. We find that close relationships exist among the equilibrium equity structure following strategic investor importing, the policy burden of state-owned banks and the number of private banks; that the policy burden of state-owned banks has positive relationships with the performance of private banks, with overall negative effect on social welfare; that the policy burden would not affect the maximum market capacity number of private banks but would affect the equity structure of state-owned banks with such a number.     

国有股权重、政策性负担与绩效——国有银行战略引资方案探析

本文结合当前国有银行战略引资的改革背景,构建银行业混合寡占、国有银行混合持股的古诺竞争均衡模型,研究认为战略引资后的均衡股权结构与国有银行所承担的政策性负担及私有银行数量密切相关;国有银行政策性负担与私有银行的经营绩效正相关,但从整体来看则损害了社会总福利.另外,政策性负担不影响市场可容纳的最大银行数量,但会影响达到这一数量时国有银行的股权结构.     

Financial deregulation and productivity growth in banking sector: empirical evidence from Bangladesh

This article examines the effects of regulatory reform on productivity growth in the Bangladesh banking industry. We use a unique balanced panel dataset comprising bank-level annual data from the early deregulation year (1984) to the most recent available period (2012) from major commercial banks in Bangladesh. Applying the Färe-Primont index, the paper provides estimates of productivity growth and identifies sources of total factor productivity (TFP) change. Empirical results show the sample banks have experienced positive TFP change after the financial deregulation. On average, TFP growth is higher in private banks than their public sector counterparts in the post-reform period. In addition, the decomposition analysis shows technological progress is the main driver of productivity change. Similar results are obtained by using the stochastic frontier analysis (SFA). Thus, empirical results remain robust irrespective of the methodology used. The regression analysis finds a positive technical change in the first stage of the reform program, i.e. during the transition period, as leading banks employ advanced technology to compete with potential new entrants. The result also shows that the banking industry still remains concentrated within the state-owned banks.     

境外战略投资者改变了国有商业银行的贷款行为吗——基于动态面板数据模型的经验分析

本文利用中国商业银行2002～2007年省级面板数据,从贷款行为的视角研究了引进境外战略投资者对国有商业银行的影响。运用动态面板系统广义矩估计方法,本文的计量结果显示,国有商业银行与其他商业银行的贷款行为存在着明显的差别,国有商业银行贷款增长率与盈利能力呈负相关,而其他商业银行贷款增长率与盈利能力显著正相关,这说明与国有商业银行相比,其他商业银行贷款行为更符合商业导向;引进境外战略投资者并没有带来了国有商业银行整体贷款行为的显著改善,对引资国有商业银行个体贷款行为的分析结论与之类似。本文的结论对制定中国银行业下一步改革方向具有重要的启发意义。     

基于松弛量的中国银行业DEA效率研究

DEA模型和松弛量分析等技术性手段,运用于我国银行业的效率研究有利于发现我国银行业目前所存在的问题四大国有银行的效率明显低于其他股份制银行;银行业普遍存在劳动力冗余现象,其中四大国有银行尤为严重;金融服务有效供给不足,存在明显的惜贷现象;利润创造不足;等等。如何解决这些问题应成为我国银行业今后改革的重点。     

转型时期中国银行业改革思路分析

当前经济学界针对中国银行业改革提出的两种方案,将产权制度改革与以发展中小股份制商业银行为重点的市场结构的改革割裂开来.国有银行存在的主要问题在于产权不明晰以及高度的行业垄断,而中小股份制商业银行的建立则可以弥补国有银行的市场空缺,同时引入竞争.由此得出结论,两种改革方案并不存在冲突,而是一种近似的互补关系,对于当前中国银行业的改革都是必需的.     

Banking deregulation and allocative efficiency in Pakistan

This article examines the impact of deregulation policies on allocative efficiency of banks in Pakistan. It investigates whether deregulation has impacted the pattern of allocative efficiency of banks and explores which bank ownership segment has been more responsive. It uses data from 1991 to 2005 and explicitly models allocative inefficiency by using the translog shadow cost-share system. Empirical results show that overregulation and imperfect market structure hampers the ability of banks to make competitive decisions. We find evidence of allocative inefficiency leading to over-utilization of labour and deposits vis-à-vis operating cost. Empirical results for time-varying allocative efficiency show declining levels of allocative inefficiency for state-owned and private banks in post-reform period. Deregulation policies induce state-owned banks to decrease over-utilization of labour relative to deposits and operating cost while private banks succeed in using operating cost closer to optimal levels. Hence, policymakers have latitude to introduce more reforms without jeopardizing allocative efficiency.     

民营银行发展的重要之源：城市商业银行民营化

在中国经济高速增长的同时,经济与金融结构都在发生巨大的变化。金融市场的竞争、金融体系的完善都迫切需求开放和发展民营银行。另一方面,在新的经济形势下,众多城市商业银行原有的模式已不适应其发展,银行问题突出,改革势在必行。而民营化改革因为其独特的优点应成为城市商业银行较好的改革途径,这同时又为民营银行发展创造了条件。因此,发展民营银行的一个重要之源便是城市商业银行民营化,与此同时,做好民营化改革相应的配套工作也是极为必要的。     

Intellectual capital and firm performance: evidence from Indian banking sector

In the aftermath of the 2008 financial crisis, the entire Indian banking industry was paralysed and their performance was shattered by the unfolding of enormous cases of Non-performing Assets (NPA). The study estimates the operating efficiency of 40 Indian banks for 5 years (2011–15) as a proxy of performance measure using the output-oriented DEA-BCC model. We find that nearly 62% of the state-owned banks and 47% of the private banks are inefficient indicating that the inefficient banks need to reduce their inputs or improve their output to become efficient. The study further investigates the relationship between intellectual capital (IC) and bank performance using a truncated regression model. The regression results show that out of the three components of intellectual capital, only human capital efficiency is positively and significantly associated with operational efficiency while structural capital and finance capital have a negative impact on the efficiency of banks. The study concludes that to achieve competitive edge banks should invest in their human capital. The results are robust in the case of financial variables taken as a proxy for performance.     

On the assessment of the performance in earnings management for the banking industry: the case of China’s banks

Earnings management is popular in the banking industry. Earnings can be manipulated by discretionary loan loss provisions (DLLP). Analysing the trajectories of banks’ DLLP (i.e. their change in DLLP over time) is an effective way to assess the performance in earnings management for the banking industry, but seems not to have been addressed in the earnings management literature. In this study, we analyse the trajectories of DLLP with the yearly data from 2007 through 2012 for four types of banks in China. The results have indicated that state-owned banks, policy banks and city commercial banks seem to manage earnings well. Cautionary notes about bank risks are provided.     

所有权性质、商业信用与信贷资源配置效率

商业信用的再分配理论认为,易于获得银行信用的企业会将这些信用以商业信用的形式再分配给难以获得银行信用的下游企业。本文以2004～2007年中国工业企业数据库为样本,检验国有企业和私有企业的信用再分配功能,结果发现,尽管国有企业获得的银行信用显著多于私有企业,但提供的商业信用净额却显著少于私有企业。而且,国有企业获得的银行信用与提供的商业信用不相关,而私有企业获得的银行信用与提供的商业信用显著正相关。这些结果说明,国有企业获得更多的银行信用但并没有发挥信用再分配功能,而私有企业尽管只获得少量的银行信用却较好地发挥了信用再分配功能。这些结果意味着,如果银行体系适当增加对私有企业的信用配置,同时减少对国有企业的信用配置,可以充分发挥私有企业的信用再分配功能,提高银行体系的资源配置效率。     

中国上市银行股权结构与绩效研究——基于创新指标的实证

从商业银行经营的特殊性出发,通过构造一个反映银行绩效的综合性指标,以及对股权结构和银行绩效关系进行的实证研究表明:第一大股东持股比例与银行绩效之间呈现比较复杂的曲线关系,第一大股东中的国家股性质和国有法人股性质均与银行绩效负相关,但比较而言,国有法人股性质更有利于银行绩效的提高;前五大股东持股比例、前十大股东持股比例、第一大股东的控股能力均与银行绩效负相关;股权结构的设置对银行绩效不存在必然的联系。因此,银行股改上市仅是向完善公司治理结构走出的一小步而已。     

Selectivity and Transparency in Social Banking: Evidence from Europe

How do social banks signal their social commitment to motivated funders? We hypothesize that two main channels are used: selectivity and transparency. We test these predictions using a rich dataset comprising balancesheet information on 5,000 European banks over the period from 1998 to 2013. The results suggest that social screening leads social banks to higher project selectivity compared to mainstream banks. Social banks also tend to be more transparent than other banks. However, combining selectivity and transparency can result in excess liquidity. Overall, the empirical findings not only confirm our theoretical hypotheses, but also raise challenging issues regarding the management of social banks.     

Political connections and bank behaviour

Using disaggregated data on Indian state-owned banks, we study how political connections influence their lending behaviour. The findings indicate an overall credit expansion of 10% during election years for banks with political connections, driven by increased lending to agriculture and Small and Medium Enterprises. Further disaggregation reveals cycles in such lending driven by electoral considerations, primarily for banks with political connections. In turn, there is a gradual weakening in the asset quality of these banks. The net effect is manifest in lower productivity. The key policy implication is that electoral manipulation exerts significant economic costs.     

Privatization and optimal share release in the Chinese banking industry

This paper establishes a mixed oligopoly model to explore how the government determines the percentage of shares of the state-owned banks to be released to foreign investors under the goal of seeking to maximize social welfare. The theoretical model finds that the release of shares of state-owned banks to foreign investors will reduce the outputs of the state-owned banks. The direction of the change in the profitability of the state-owned banks depends on the percentage of the shares released. The direction of the changes in the levels of social welfare also varies. If the gap in production efficiency between the state-owned banks and private banks is not large enough, we can be certain that a partial release of shares is the government's best policy.     

How significant is the alleged unfair advantage enjoyed by state-owned banks in Germany?

The European Commission argues that the state-owned banks inGermany enjoy an unfair advantage over the private sector banksin the cost of borrowing funds in the financial markets becauseof state guarantees that public sector banks are perceived toenjoy. This note demonstrates that the blame for the comparativelypoor profitability of private sector banks in Germany cannotbe laid at the door of the relatively cheaper funds that thepublic sector banks can raise in the wholesale markets.     

中国商业银行从事非传统业务的决定因素

非传统业务对银行整体资产报酬率有正向影响,经营风格较为稳健、传统业务盈利能力和流动性较差的银行会更多地从事非传统业务。不同所有权对非传统业务有显著影响:城市商业银行、外资银行均比四大国有商业银行在非传统业务上开展得好,但银行所有权变化的选择效应及动态效应均不显著。     

金融自由化对我国商业银行利润的影响——基于Panel Data模型的实证分析

金融自由化改革给我国商业银行的利润带来了一定的影响。基于Panel data的实证结果表明。在金融自由化期间,不同组织结构的银行所受到的影响不同,国有商业银行在此期间的利润有所增长,而股份制银行和地方商业银行的利润都有所下降。究其原因,金融自由化带来了银行业的激烈竞争,竞争使银行业的利润重新分配,导致了不同治理结构的银行利润不同。     

Subprime crisis and board (in-) competence: private versus public banks in Germany

We examine evidence for a systematic underperformance of Germany's state-owned banks in the current financial crisis and study if the bank losses can be traced to the quality of bank governance. For this purpose, we examine the biographical background of 592 supervisory board members in the 29 largest banks and find a pronounced difference in the finance and management experience of board representatives across private and state-owned banks. Measures of 'boardroom competence' are then related directly to the magnitude of bank losses in the recent financial crisis. Our data confirm that supervisory board (in-)competence in finance is related to losses in the financial crisis. Improved bank governance is therefore a suitable policy objective to reduce bank fragility.
— Harald Hau and Marcel Thum