外国直接投资对中国外汇储备增长的影响研究

本文根据中国1985-2006年期间的外国直接投资与中国外汇储备规模增长之间关系的检验表明,外国直接投资是长期性的、促进中国外汇储备增长的非常重要的原因.而且,外国直接投资流入的百分比增加效应也在不断的被放大,随着中国外汇储备基数的增加,最终导致中国外汇储备规模呈现了如今的大规模高速增长现象.     

对我国外汇储备超适度规模的实证分析——基于改进的阿格沃尔模型

本文运用改进的阿格沃尔模型,选取1994-2010年数据对我国外汇储备适度规模进行了实证分析,结果表明:目前我国外汇储备规模已经明显过量。Johansen协整检验和Granger因果关系检验显示:进出口额、GDP、外商直接投资与外汇储备规模之间存在长期协整关系,对外汇储备规模能够产生长期的影响;但外债余额尤其是短期外债余额和广义货币供应量也能在短期内对外汇储备规模产生影响。本文认为,改善贸易结构并扩大内需,加大进口力度并支持对外投资,重视GDP的质量并促进经济理性增长,严格外企准入制度并转变外企引进结构,增强人民币汇率弹性等政策措施是抑制我国外汇储备过度增长的有效途径。     

外商直接投资与杭州经济增长关系的实证研究

外商直接投资（FDI）在经济增长中的作用一直是经济理论界关注的重点问题之一。本文根据1985-2006年杭州外商直接投资（FDI）和GDP的时间序列数据,研究外商直接投资与杭州经济增长之间的关系,并运用分析结果探讨外国直接投资对杭州经济增长的作用,同时提出相关政策建议。     

FDI对中国服务业影响的实证研究

本文利用1997-2009年的数据,对外商对中国第三产业直接投资与中国服务业的产值之间的关系进行了实证分析,通过OLS检验了外商对中国第三产业直接投资与服务业的增长存在着长期稳定的均衡关系.研究结果表明,外商对第三产业的直接投资对中国服务业的变动有很大影响.从上述实证分析中可以看出,外商对第三产业的直接投资对中国的服务业的增长有着长期稳定的均衡关系,1.07的弹性系数说明外商对第三产业的直接投资每增加1％,中国的服务业占GDP的产值就会增长1.07％.因此外商对第三产业的直接投资对中国服务业有着比较明显的促进作用.从Granger因果关系检验中可以看出,外商对第三产业的直接投资是促进中国服务业产值增长的原因,而服务业产值的增长却并不是吸引外商直接投资的原因.     

我国出口、外国直接投资与经济增长之间关系的实证分析

本文根据我国1983年￣2003年期间的样本数据,利用协整技术、Granger因果检验方法和方差分解技术对出口贸易、外国直接投资与经济增长之间的关系进行实证分析。实证结果表明:三者之间存在协整关系,经济增长和外国直接投资、出口贸易之间存在相互的Granger因果关系,方差分解进一步表明了外国直接投资和出口都是推动经济增长的重要因素。     

我国外汇储备急剧增长的原因及实证检验

截至2011年6月,我国外汇储备已高达31 975亿美元。贸易顺差、人民币汇率、外商直接投资和货币供给量被普遍认为是影响我国外汇储备规模的普遍因素。通过实证分析探讨了这些因素与外汇储备急剧增长之间的关系,并给出了相应的政策建议。     

外商直接投资与经济增长的协整分析——基于贵州省数据的实证研究

针对外商直接投资促进经济增长的假设,我们根据1987-2006年贵州省GDP、FDI以及进出口的统计数据,建立向量误差修正模型,运用PP检验、协整及Granger因果关系检验分析外商直接投资与经济增长之间的关系,研究结果表明,贵州省的外商直接投资、国际贸易与经济增长之间存在长期稳定的均衡关系,且经济增长是出口、进口增长的Granger因,而经济增长与外商直接投资之间存在双向因果关系。     

外商直接投资、就业与经济增长的关系研究——以安徽省为例

鉴于外商直接投资（FDI）对一国经济的重要作用,积极引进FDI已成为发展中国家发展国内经济的一项重要政策。而关于FDI对就业和经济增长的影响,理论界仍存在争议。本文尝试对FDI、就业和经济增长的关系进行实证研究,运用Cobb—Douglas生产函数和Eviews5．0统计软件,以安徽省为例,利用安徽省1991—2006年外商直接投资（FDI）、就业与经济增长的相关数据,研究FDI对就业和经济增长的作用。研究结果显示：当年实际利用外商直接投资额（增量FDI）与就业呈负相关关系,而年底累积外商直接投资额（存量FDI）与就业呈正相关关系。由此可见,外商直接投资对就业的影响是长期的创造效应与短期的挤出效应并存。Granger因果关系检验结果显示,FDI所带来的就业与经济增长之间存在双向因果关系。     

西部地区外国直接投资与经济增长关系的实证分析

本文运用协整和因果关系检验理论,对西部地区从1979年到2005年的外国直接投资与经济增长数据进行实证检验.结果发现二者之间存在长期稳定的关系,并且当滞后两期时,经济增长是外国直接投资的格兰杰原因,而外国直接投资并不是经济增长的格兰杰原因.在协整分析的基础上建立了误差修正模型,分别从长期和短期对两者之间的关系进行了定量分析,并给出了结论和政策建议.     

中国外汇储备增长的因素分析与对策探讨

中国外汇储备已突破2万亿美元大关,人民币汇率的低估被认为是外汇储备快速增长的主要原因。通过实证分析发现,中国外汇储备的增长受到贸易条件、相对技术进步和外商直接的投资等因素变量的影响,人民币实际汇率对外汇储备增长的影响并不显著,通过人民币实际汇率大幅升值来调整外汇储备增长的做法是不可取的。当前应该采取措施促进非贸易部门的技术进步,适当增加进口,优化外资引进政策以减缓外汇储备的快速增长。     

人民币汇率与外商直接投资关系研究——基于上海市的数据

运用Johansen协整检验、Granger因果检验、脉冲响应分析等实证方法研究上海市外商直接投资与人民币实际有效汇率及其波动之间的相关性,研究表明:上海市外商直接投资(FDI)与实际有效汇率(REER)、地区国内生产总值(GDP)和对外依存度(OPEN)显著正相关,与汇率波动(VOL)和平均工资(WAGE)显著负相关;短期内人民币实际有效汇率及其波动对上海市外商直接投资存在影响,且汇率的波动比其实际值的大小更能影响外商直接投资;实际有效汇率及其波动的冲击在零期对外商直接投资均没有影响,响应值在第四期达到最大,实际有效汇率对于外商直接投资的影响主要体现在投资时机的选择上。     

The importance of clusters for spillovers from foreign direct investment and technology sourcing

This paper examines the link between cluster development andinward foreign direct investment. The conventional policy approachhas been to assume that inward foreign direct investment (FDI)can stimulate significant clustering activity, thus generatingsignificant spillovers. This paper, however, questions thisand shows that, while clusters can generate significant productivityspillovers from FDI, this only occurs in pre-existing clusters.Further, the paper demonstrates that foreign-owned firms thatenter clusters also appropriate spillovers when domestic firmsundertake investment, raising the possibility that clustersare important locations for so called technology, or knowledgesourcing activities by MNEs.     

Foreign direct investment and its impact on real wages: evidence from Turkish micro-level data

This paper analyzes the role of foreign direct investment (FDI) on wages, using Turkish firm-level data from 2003 to 2010, a period which coincides with significant FDI inflows both in manufacturing and service sector firms in the region. We explore the possibility of increased foreign presence translating into shifts in either labor demand or supply curves thereby resulting in changing the total wage bill or wage per worker in the host country. To empirically test this relationship we employ a dynamic specification of the wage equation. After addressing endogeneity concerns, the results reveal that foreign presence measured in terms of intra- and inter-sectoral linkages is related to higher wage bills in the host economy, hence strengthening the argument for attracting greater foreign investment to enhance labor welfare.     

浅析国际直接投资自由化进程中的中国外资政策

随着全球经济一体化的演进，国际直接投资日趋自由化流动。国际直接投资自由化的兴起在全球经济的增长和国际分工深化的进程中发挥了越来越重要的作用。我国是利用国际直接投资的大国，目前正处于向市场经济转轨的关键时期，经济体制和市场结构还不完善，如何在确保国家经济安全的前提下，推进国际直接投资自由化进程，积极合理地扩大引资规模，应成为人们关注的焦点问题。因此，本文试图探寻国际直接投资自由化的经济机理，总结出国际投资自由化的有效制度安排对现行制度进行调整，以期更好地把握和指导我国改革开放实践及进一步融入国际直接投资自由化进程。     

Corruption and cross-border investment by multinational firms

Motivated by previous studies on the effect of corruption on foreign direct investment, we examine the impact of a distance measure of corruption between host and source countries on cross-border direct investment and find that corruption distance deters cross-border investment. The evidence indicates that corruption distance is not as serious a deterrent of outward direct investment from more-corrupt countries as it is from less-corrupt countries. We conclude that multinational firms with the capacity to engage in bribery can disregard this activity in transparent environments, whereas multinational firms accustomed to operating in transparent environments find it difficult to overcome the administrative complexities in corrupt environments. Journal of Comparative Economics 34 (4) (2006) 839–856.     

后危机时期中西部利用外商直接投资研究——基于对国际直接投资理论的思考

金融危机以来在内外环境大变化的情况下,中国利用外商直接投资也出现了新的发展趋势,出现外商直接投资向中西部转移的迹象.中西部地区应抓住机遇,充分发挥后发优势,借鉴东南沿海省份及国外招商引资发展经济的路径,承接好国际、国内产业转移,调整结构,抢占市场.采取正确引导外商投资的措施,鼓励外资进入中西部地区的优势行业的同时,从国际直接投资理论和现实国情、省情出发,寻找中西部省份引进外商直接投资的制约因素与突破路径,努力实现超越传统的代工和低端引进外资的路径.     

Expropriation risk and FDI in developing countries: Does return of capital dominate return on capital?

Previously reported effects of institutional quality and political risks on foreign direct investment (FDI) are mixed and, therefore, difficult to interpret. We present empirical evidence suggesting a relatively clear, statistically robust, and intuitive characterization. Institutional factors that affect the likelihood of an abrupt and total loss of foreigners’ capital (i.e., return of capital) dominate factors that affect rates of return conditional on a strictly positive terminal investment value (i.e., return on capital). The evidence is consistent with the hypothesis that expropriation risk is most important among the available measures of different dimensions of institutional quality. A one-standard-deviation reduction in expropriation risk is associated with a 72% increase in FDI, which is substantially larger than the effects of any other dimensions of institutional quality as simultaneously estimated in our empirical models of expected FDI inflows. We show that this evidence is consistent with the predictions of a standard theory of FDI under imperfect contract enforcement and multiple dimensions of political risk.     

Foreign direct investment in a world of multiple taxes

Governments impose multiple taxes on foreign investors, though studies of the effect of tax policy on the location of foreign direct investment (FDI) focus almost exclusively on corporate income taxes. This paper examines the impact of indirect (non-income) taxes on FDI by American multinational firms, using affiliate-level data that permit the introduction of controls for parent companies and affiliate industries. Indirect tax burdens significantly exceed the foreign income tax obligations of foreign affiliates of American companies. Estimates imply that 10% higher local indirect tax rates are associated with 7.1% lower affiliate assets, which is similar to the effect of 10% higher income tax rates. Affiliate output falls by 2.9% as indirect taxes rise by 10%, while higher income taxes have more modest output effects. High corporate income tax rates depress capital/labor ratios and profit rates of foreign affiliates, whereas high indirect tax rates do not. These patterns reveal the impact of indirect taxes and suggest the mechanisms by which direct and indirect taxes affect FDI.     

Home country employment and foreign direct investment: evidence from the Italian case

The present paper provides further insights on the relationshipbetween home country employment and foreign direct investment(FDI) undertaken by national firms. The unit of analysis iseach ensemble of firms operating in the same industrial sectorand localised in the same geographical region. That allows usto capture both direct and indirect effects of foreign productionon the parent's environment, which arise through the generationof linkages and externalities. Empirical evidence has been providedwith reference to the Italian case in the decade 1985–95.Results suggest that the impact of outward FDI on the labourintensity of domestic production is negative in the case ofvertical investment undertaken—especially by smaller firms—inless developed countries, and positive for horizontal and market-seekinginvestments in advanced countries.