中国对外贸易的影响因素分析:基于国内的视角

现有的关于FDI、对外贸易与经济增长等文献的主要研究思路是探讨FDI对进出口贸易、经济增长的作用,此外,绝大多数关于进出口贸易影响因素的文献主要研究汇率的影响,由此可见,从我国各省市本身的角度考察进出口贸易影响因素的文献不多且进展缓慢.因此,本文基于区域对外贸易理论和区域输出理论提出假设,并通过构建面板数据模型,对中国对外贸易的宏观影响因素进行了实证检验,研究表明:我国各省市出口贸易受其自身FDI、GDP及劳动力人数的显著影响;而进口贸易受其FDI、GDP及国内投资的显著影响.结论对于进一步深度挖掘我国对外贸易的潜力和竞争力有着一定的政策指导意义.     

外商投资企业进出口贸易与中国经济增长的实证分析

Schmitz和Helmberger认为由于发达国家和发展中国家各自的比较优势不同，当资本、技术等方面占有比较优势的发达国家在劳动力等资源丰富的发展中国家投资时，就会形成垂直型的国际分工，而作为FDI载体的外商投资企业就会形成大量的进出口贸易，东道国和投资国都会从该贸易中获益。而国内的实证研究也证明了FDI能够促进贸易增长，而贸易是FDI促进东道国经济增长的一个重要途径。曹伟（2005）通过实证研究FDI对中国经济的影响路径后表明，FDI主要是通过影响对外贸易有力地促进了中国经济增长。     

广东省FDI、对外贸易与经济增长的关系研究

本文结合广东省1987-2009年的数据,运用实证分析方法对广东省FDI(外商直接投资)、进出口贸易与经济增长关系进行研究。结果表明:从长期看,外商直接投资、对外贸易与经济增涨存在着长期协整关系,进出口贸易与GDP正相关,FDI与经济增长负相关。从短期看,进出口贸易对GDP的影响显著,而外商直接投资对经济增长的影响较弱,不存在格兰杰因果关系。     

跨国公司研发机构投资对天津经济的实际影响

随着跨国公司当地化趋势的显现，研发投资对天津经济增长产生的影响日益加强。但与一般FDI相比，跨国公司在天津研发投资相对滞后。分析跨国公司在津研发机构的投资影响，我们应通过促进出口贸易、扩大投资、解决就业、提高收入水平、拓宽技术创新等途径加快天津经济增长。     

中国FDI与对外贸易关系的实证分析

文章主要探讨外商直接投资(FDI)对我国国际贸易的影响.随着我国对外经济的开放.我国所引进的FDI存量迅速增长,与此同时,我国对外贸易也同步迅速增长,这两种经济现象之间是否存在必然的相关性?本文在FDI对我国对外贸易产生创造效应和替代效应的基础上.运用计量经济学方法对FDI与我国进出口贸易的总量关系进行实证分析.得出结论是,对外引进外商直接投资对我国对外贸易产生的创造效应大干替代效应,且外商直接投资对我国对外贸易的影响十分明显,多引进一单位的FDI存量就能够带来2.3465的对外进出口总额.     

FDI对我国国际贸易影响的区域性差异分析

FDI影响我国国际贸易有两种途径:第一,外资企业直接参与国际贸易,从而影响国际贸易;第二,通过溢出效应等途径对包括内资企业在内的整体国际贸易产生作用.本文沿着这两种路径.首先对我国东、中、西三个区域内的外商投资企业的进出口情况进行了分析.然后.利用回归分析的方法,就各区域内砌对当地进出口的整体影响进行了系统分析.最后,根据分析结果并结合当前经济形势,从贸易平衡等角度对今后我国利用外资提出了建议.     

SFDI对服务贸易的作用路径研究

本文根据迈克尔·波特教授的“钻石模型”及现代经济增长理论，分别从理论和实证的角度论证了服务业利用外国直接投资（SFDI）对我国服务贸易的传导路径。研究结果表明，服务,JkFDI对贸易出口的作用主要是通过就业效应、技术进步效应和结构效应而实现的。相对于制造业FDI，服务业FDI能够显著地提高东道国服务行业的技术水平。     

中国金融服务贸易与FDI关系的经验分析

我国加入WTO以来,服务贸易有了长足发展,这是我国服务贸易开放所取得的成就.近年来,我国金融服务贸易的增长也非常显著,外商直接投资也保持着持续增长态势.但是,国内对金融服务贸易的相关研究还相当有限,对金融服务贸易与FDI的相关研究更是很少.因此,本文试图通过对中国金融服务贸易进出口与FDI的数据建立一个VAR模型,研究我国金融服务贸易与FDI的关系.     

基于引力模型的FDI与中国对外贸易关系实证研究

文章通过建立FDI对贸易影响的理论分析框架,将FDI和区域贸易安排加入引力模型,并借助1986—2010年中国与主要投资国和贸易伙伴的面板数据进行了实证检验。理论与实证分析表明FDI、经济总量、市场规模相似性、国家经济水平差异性是决定贸易流量的主要因素。距离的影响并不显著,相反,区域贸易安排与贸易之间有显著相关性。不同来源国的FDI对中国进出口贸易有不同影响。为此,为保持中国贸易的持续增长,不仅要培育本地市场规模,继续扩大开放,更重要的是提高贸易自由化水平和国内市场一体化水平。     

研发支出、人均资本与一般贸易发展——兼论“入世”后我国一般贸易进出口的影响因素

分析了研发支出、人均资本及其他因素对我国一般贸易进出口的影响。结果表明,研发支出的增加对一般贸易的进口与出口都有促进作用;人均资本提高有利于一般贸易进口,但对一般贸易出口额没有产生正面影响,可能的原因在于贸易条件的恶化导致出口量增长而盈利能力却下降的情况;FDI对一般贸易进口有促进作用,但对出口构成了冲击,有一定的"挤出效应",这可能与FDI主要投资于加工贸易有关。     

Pleasure and belief in Hume's Decision Process

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to introduce explicitly pleasure and belief in what aims at being a Humean theory of decision, like the one developed in Diaye and Lapidus (2005a). Although we support the idea that Hume was in some way a hedonist – evidently different from Bentham's or Jevons' way – we lay emphasis less on continuity than on the specific kind of hedonism encountered in Hume's writings (chiefly the Treatise, the second Enquiry, the Dissertation, or some of his Essays). Such hedonism clearly contrasts to its standard modern inheritance, expressed by the relation between preferences and utility.

The reason for such a difference with the usual approach lies in the mental process that Hume puts to the fore in order to explain the way pleasure determines desires and volition. Whereas pleasure is primarily, in Hume's words, an impression of sensation, it takes place in the birth of passions as reflecting an idea of pleasure, whose “force and vivacity” is precisely a “belief”, transferred to the direct passions of desire or volition that come immediately before action. As a result, from a Humean point of view, “belief” deals with decision under risk or uncertainty, as well as with intertemporal decision and indiscrimination problems.

The latter are explored within a formal framework, and it is shown that the relation of pleasure is transformed by belief into a non-empty class of relations of desire, among which at least one is a preorder.     

Globalization,Neoliberalism and the attack on social security

Neoliberal political movements advocate privatization of public pension systems. Globalization imposes pressure on nations to conform to neoliberal policy views with respect to the design and structure of social insurance, including public pension systems. The paper begins with an investigation of the economic, ethical and ideological dimensions of the privatization debates in the U.S.; it argues that privatization advocates may be largely moved by ideology, since the other reasons advanced appear weak or unfounded. The second part discusses the history of Social Security, the purposes for its creation, and some of its economic effects. Differences between public and private pension systems are considered. A brief international comparison of some aspects of public pension system finance and benefit structures is presented. The final section considers the ethical, macroeconomic and distributional implications of privatization, prefunding and payroll tax funding, and argues for a pay as you go system financed with income taxes. In order to promote equity, economic security, community, and social cohesion, public pension systems should be universal in coverage. In order to reduce the inequality, income insecurity, and aged poverty generated by market economies, public pension systems ought to be progressive: benefit/contribution ratios should be inversely proportional to income, and progressive income taxes should finance the system. To promote economic growth, the systems should be financed on a pay-as-you-go basis, and should not be prefunded except for an emergency reserve. The fiscal policy recommendations partially depend upon the theory developed by Abba Lerner in the 1940s, and recently advanced by Wynne Godley and Randy Wray: Lerner's “principle of functional finance.”     

John Stuart Mill's Theories of Wealth and Income Distribution

Although he was much influenced by David Ricardo when he wrote the classical part of his Principles , John Stuart Mill was not a Ricardian when he penned his theories of wealth and distribution. They are based on a triple foundation. First, a belief that economics is a moral discipline. Second a theory of custom-driven human behavior. Third, an empirically formed conviction that the institutions of state, education and business cooperate to structure the distribution of income. On the basis of these presuppositions, Mill formulated 1) an institutional theory of the formation of human and non-human wealth and 2) an even more institutional theory of distribution demonstrating how the aforementioned institutions malignantly skew the distribution of income to the advantage of the propertied classes and to the extreme disadvantage of the working class. As a social economist, Mill recommended institutional reforms designed to eradicate the poverty of the working class.     

Forecasting the price of gold

This article seeks to evaluate the appropriateness of a variety of existing forecasting techniques (17 methods) at providing accurate and statistically significant forecasts for gold price. We report the results from the nine most competitive techniques. Special consideration is given to the ability of these techniques to provide forecasts which outperforms the random walk (RW) as we noticed that certain multivariate models (which included prices of silver, platinum, palladium and rhodium, besides gold) were also unable to outperform the RW in this case. Interestingly, the results show that none of the forecasting techniques are able to outperform the RW at horizons of 1 and 9 steps ahead, and on average, the exponential smoothing model is seen providing the best forecasts in terms of the lowest root mean squared error over the 24-month forecasting horizons. Moreover, we find that the univariate models used in this article are able to outperform the Bayesian autoregression and Bayesian vector autoregressive models, with exponential smoothing reporting statistically significant results in comparison with the former models, and classical autoregressive and the vector autoregressive models in most cases.     

Interest on reserves and inflation

The payment of interest on reserves has been a common practice in inflationary economies. This policy may seem paradoxical since it involves returning part of the seigniorage, generated by the inflation process, with the intention to finance the fiscal deficit. This paper argues that the motivation for this policy can be captured by the discretionary regime, where the policymaker pays interest on reserves because he is concerned with the erosion of real liquidity by inflation, which is in part beyond his control. However, this policy is an unlikely outcome in the commitment regime, where the policymaker is in full control of inflation.     

Planned adaptation in risk regulation: An initial survey of US environmental, health, and safety regulation

In principle, we want regulatory programs to be based on current realities, as reflected for example in the best knowledge of relevant experts. That would imply that old rules now on the books should be consistent with today's knowledge base, not just what was known when a rule or standard was originally set. This paper reports on a survey of US programs, examining how often existing rules are actually updated in light of better knowledge, and identifies five programs that attempt to make policy routinely adaptive. These programs exhibit what we term Planned Adaptation: they both revise rules when relevant new knowledge appears, and take steps to produce such improved knowledge. While Planned Adaptation is rare, it is used in several nationally prominent programs, including air pollution, airplane safety, and drug safety. Planned Adaptation is a policy tool that deserves more attention.     

Information infrastructure: Who builds broadband networks?

This paper examines the essential difference between the U.S. and Japan, when one considers information infrastructure. There are seven perception gaps between the U.S. and Japan concerning Information Infrastructure policies. These gaps must be understood in order to compare the countries' governmental policies in this area. In looking at the present circumstances, the essential question to answer concerns who is to build, own and operate the network(s) of the infrastructure. Liberalization is certain to be a central factor in the ongoing telecommunications debates. Now that customers have had a taste of the liberalized market-place, the movement toward more open markets will be difficult to stop. When considering options, it is necessary to pay close attention to standardized network access and the increasingly important role software plays. These issues are causing us to take a new approach to the traditional role played by regulators. They also force a closer look at the appropriate structure of utility companies. This paper addresses the above issues in hopes of stimulating dialog on the new telecommunications infrastructure paradigm.     

海岛地区产业演替及资源基础分析--以舟山群岛为例

改革开放以来,舟山市产业构成发生了显著变化,其经济发展过程可以划分为三个阶段。1992年前,是以产业结构渔业占绝对地位的单一结构阶段;1993—1998年,以旅游业为主的第三产业快速发展阶段;上世纪末以来,又进入了新一轮的经济发展时期,即工业产值比重快速增加阶段。根据海岛的自然资源基础和特点,在新世纪的经济发展过程中,舟山市应定位为生态型的港口旅游城市。以港口及临港工业为主导,以海岛旅游和海洋经济为特色,大力发展第二产业和第三产业。海岛地区的主导产业应体现海岛资源优势及区位优势,以集群性环保型产业为主。同时由于海岛地区淡水资源缺乏,主导产业也应着重选择低耗水型产业。     

风险视角下企业治理结构和研发创新——基于委托代理模型的研究

本文基于委托代理模型,从风险的视角研究企业治理结构对研发创新能力的影响。本文构建了一个包含创新活动的委托代理模型进行理论分析,利用动态DEA 模型测算创新能力,并使用2015-2018年我国上市制造业企业数据进行实证检验。实证部分检验了理论结论:委托代理问题不利于企业提升研发创新能力,且客观风险和主观风险厌恶会加剧该负面影响。基于此,本文认为上市企业应根据企业自身研发活动特点有针对性地改善企业治理结构,提出了适当延长代理人任期、推动股权激励计划、提升代理人的风险承担能力等建议。