制造企业服务增强动因及发展战略

制造企业通过服务来增强自身产品竞争力,向服务转型以获取新的利润来源这一现象,称为"服务增强"。本文从产品差异化优势,顾客价值,利润沿价值链转移三个角度分析了制造企业服务增强的内在动因,总结了服务增强过程的四种风险,并对制造我国企业制定服务增强的发展战略提出了建议。     

基于服务质量的服务标准化与差异化研究——浅析制造业中的服务

在技术进步、微利竞争和顾客需求多样化等市场环境下,服务正渐渐被融入到有形产品之中并成为产品一部分,越来越多的制造企业都把服务纳入到提升企业竞争力的战略中。本文将制造业中的服务作为一种产品,在以提高服务质量的前提下对其进行标准化和差异化区分,进一步了解服务对制造业的影响,并简单提出在战略的角度如何实施制造业中的服务。     

基于服务质量的服务标准化与差异化研究——浅析制造业中的服务

在技术进步、微利竞争和顾客需求多样化等市场环境下,服务正渐渐被融入到有形产品之中并成为产品一部分,越来越多的制造企业都把服务纳入到提升企业竞争力的战略中.本文将制造业中的服务作为一种产品,在以提高服务质量的前提下对其进行标准化和差异化区分,进一步了解服务对制造业的影响,并简单提出在战略的角度如何实施制造业中的服务.     

对发电设备主机企业做强电站维修服务业的初步探讨

现代制造服务业是加速制造业升级、提高竞争力的必然选择。从市场需求来看,市场正在从产品导向向全面解决方案导向转变。从价值链环节来看,高价值环节从以制造环节为主向以服务环节为主转变。从制造业竞争来看,基于现代服务的竞争是形成差异化竞争优势的重要途径。服务型制造是全球制造业发展的基本趋势。以美国通用电气公司为例,在20世纪80年代,其产值中传统制造产值的比重高达88％,服务产值仅有12％,与现在国内大多数企业类似。而目前,其“技术＋管理＋服务”所创造的产值占总产值的比重已达到70％,传统制造只占30％。     

河北省发展装备制造业的政策措施——敏捷制造模式研究

敏捷制造是一门先进制造技术。本文通过对河北省装备制造业现状分析,探讨河北装备制造业如何实施敏捷制造,使企业及科研机构之间以合作去代替竞争,提高企业的创新能力,增加企业生产的柔性和灵敏度,增强企业对市场的应变能力。     

制造业产出服务化对企业绩效的作用机制--基于产品市场竞争的视角

制造业服务化是先进制造业与现代服务业融合的重要内涵之一,按生产关系分为投入服务化和产出服务化,产出服务化反映了制造企业向“微笑曲线”两端服务环节转型。基于产品市场竞争视角,从市场势力和产品差异化两方面探究制造业产出服务化对企业绩效的作用机制,并通过构建产出服务化测算指标,选取2008-2018年中国1987家上市公司的面板数据,运用PSM-DID方法对制造业产出服务化与企业绩效的关系进行实证检验。研究表明:(1)制造业产出服务化显著提升了企业绩效,但存在明显的地域与所有制差异。东部、中部地区以及民营制造企业产出服务化对企业绩效的提升效果较为显著,西部地区以及国有制造企业绩效的提升在考察期内并不明显,外资企业产出服务化降低了企业绩效水平;(2)制造业产出服务化可通过“市场势力”效应和“产品差异化”效应共同促进企业绩效水平的提升。但在地域与所有制上差异显著,东部、中部地区以及民营制造企业存在“市场势力”效应和“产品差异化”效应,西部地区、国有以及外资制造企业产出服务化虽能有效提高企业的市场势力和产品差异化水平,但对企业绩效水平的提升并不明显。因此,应从市场环境、社会分工、人力资本积累等方面为制造业服务化提供保障,帮助制造企业获取竞争优势。     

我国制造业绿色转型的路径分析

当前, 我国制造业面临着外国企业竞争、 环保要求苛刻的压力, 如何实现绿色转型成为一个大问题. 本文基于绿色制造模式, 从绿色产品、 绿色资源和管理创新三个角度详细分析转型路径, 提出应当加大企业生态文明建设、 制定差异化的发展战略、 推动形成绿色发展模式和构建完善绿色制造体系, 加快我国制造业绿色转型.     

生产性服务业协同推进制造业区域间转移研究——基于供应链动态关联视角

近年来,如何推进产业向东西部地区转移、避免过快过多向外转移,进而形成国内大循环格局成为各界讨论的热点.本文围绕推动生产性服务业与制造业形成供应链协同组织关系增强中西部地区对制造业吸引力的路径机制,对中西部地区8个地级市、11个大行业、24家企业进行案例分析,认为生产性服务业通过缩短产品或原材料空间距离、提供专业平台服务、增强服务可获性等方式协同推进制造业区域转移,能够降低制造业生产成本;通过提升服务效率、集聚服务配套、深度融合制造业等方式协同推进制造业区域转移,能够提升制造业效率;通过发挥关键环节供应链核心带动作用、提供系统性解决方案、配合区域互济互补等方式协同推进制造业区域转移,能够增强制造业粘性;这三种方式都增加了中西部地区对制造业的吸引力.同时,生产性服务业协同推进制造业区域转移还有较大短板和困难,如存在重转入制造企业要素配套而轻生产性服务配套供给、中西部地区生产性服务业发育环境有缺陷、生产性服务业与转移制造业不适配、生产性服务业协同推进制造业转移机制不完善等问题,亟待加强顶层设计、创新机制和加大政策支持.     

“互联网+制造业服务化”融合发展研究

当前全球制造业服务化趋势日益明显,已成为竞争的新焦点。随着互联网的迅速发展,其逐步涉及制造业的各个环节和产品全生命周期,极大地促进了制造业与服务业的关联性和协同性,并从根本上推动了制造业服务化进程的加快。目前,我国制造业服务化程度明显偏低,亟须借助"互联网+"契机,大力拓展与互联网融合的广度和深度,加强技术和服务支撑,创新商业模式,提升附加值,为实施"中国制造2025"、建设"制造强国"奠定坚实基础。实现"互联网+制造业服务化"融合发展,政府应营造良好的发展环境;制造企业应积极进行服务化转型;社会机构应做好支撑和服务。     

制造业服务创新应从价值路径研究

制造业越来越重视"通过服务创新竞争",营销科学学会也把识别出服务创新对企业价值的影响作为研究的优先内容,服务创新是制造业价值获取的重要来源。服务创新是制造业价值获取的重要来源。服务创新创造价值应从改变业务流程、改善顾客价值、提高顾客满意度、增强竞争力等四方面进行。     

Interrelationship among foreign presence,domestic sales and export intensity in Chinese manufacturing industries

Using panel data on six Chinese manufacturing industries over the period 2005–2007, this article explores the interrelationship among foreign presence, domestic sales and export intensity of local firms. We find that the domestic sales and exports are complementary for local firms in China’s pharmaceutical industry, whereas in the case of the textile, transportation equipment, beverage, communication equipment and general equipment manufacturing industries, domestic sales and exports are substitutes. An increase in the average domestic sales increases foreign presence in all industries. The same applies to an increase in the average export intensity. An increase in the level of competition in China’s textile industry increases the export intensity as well as domestic sales of local textile firms. However, an increase in the level of competition in the pharmaceutical industry leads to a very large decrease in export intensity of local pharmaceutical firms. In the case of China’s transportation equipment manufacturing industry, an increase in the level of competition decreases domestic sales of local firms. Furthermore, an increase in the firm size increases domestic sales of Chinese firms in all six manufacturing industries.     

Price competition and quality differentiation with multiproduct firms

This paper examines a two-stage competition where firms simultaneously choose the number of products and qualities in the first stage, and then compete in prices. It is shown that a monopolist must sell a single product. In addition, in any equilibrium of multiproduct duopoly, there are segmented patterns of quality differentiation. Entangled configurations never emerge because each firm has an incentive to reduce the number of products facing direct competition with its rival. This result contrasts sharply with the equilibrium of non-segmented quality differentiation when firms compete in quantities. Furthermore, we find that the high-quality firm never offers more products than the low-quality firm, and quality differentiation between firms is greater than that within a firm.     

Does trade stimulate product quality upgrading?

This paper investigates whether increased import competition leads firms to engage in incremental innovation reflected in product quality upgrading using Chilean manufacturing firm‐product data and measuring product quality with unit values (prices). We identify causal effects of import competition using an effective trade barrier measure – transport costs – as instruments for import penetration ratios across industries. Transport costs have a negative and significant effect on product quality. The evidence suggests that estimated unit value increases capture product quality upgrading, imports’ competition effects drive quality upgrading, and benefits depend on firms’ industrial specialization. Easier access to intermediate inputs also fosters quality upgrading.     

On the relationship between intermediate input imports and export quality in China

This paper studies the connection between intermediate input imports and firms’ export quality using firm‐level data from 2000 to 2007. Our regression results show that intermediate input imports promote manufacturing firms’ export quality through ‘variety effects’ and ‘innovation effects’, though the effects are significantly different among firms with different characteristics, and the magnitude of these effects differs across import sources and the quality of imported intermediate inputs themselves. Moreover, we find that a good institutional environment is conducive to the strengthening of the positive influence of intermediate input imports on export quality. Furthermore, the dynamic decomposition demonstrates that the reallocation effect is the key force through which imported inputs boost industrial aggregate quality growth. Taken together, these results suggest that product upgrading facilitated by quality embedded in imported intermediate inputs, a good institutional environment and market share reallocation help Chinese firms to improve the quality of their export products.     

企业异质性对制造业新建企业区位选择的影响

本文运用2005-2013年长三角制造业新建企业微观数据,结合离散选择模型,探究企业异质性对区位选择的影响,并分析了不同特征制造业企业的空间分布.研究从企业异质性的角度合理解释了中国新建制造业企业区位选择的影响机制.结果表明:不同特征的企业之间,区位因素的作用存在差异,企业异质性对区位选择的影响是多样的.随着企业员工数量的增加,新建制造业企业倾向于选择中等水平的城市,在竞争激烈的发达城市选址的可能性降低;国有所有制对企业的区位选择没有显著影响,而外商投资企业则倾向于选择较发达和外资制造业企业相对集中的城市;与外商投资企业相似,高技术企业也具有明显的集聚特征.     

总经理继任对创新可持续性的影响

创新活动具有较高调整成本,因而保证创新可持续性对中国企业发展意义重大。以2006-2014年A股制造业上市公司为样本,分析了总经理继任对创新可持续性的影响,并考虑了产品市场竞争和期望绩效反馈的情境效应。实证结果显示：总经理继任对创新可持续性具有负向影响;产品市场竞争越激烈,总经理继任对创新可持续性的负向作用越强;当企业实际绩效低于期望绩效时,产品市场竞争的负向调节作用更为显著;然而,在实际绩效高于期望绩效的情况下,产品市场竞争的负向调节作用被减弱。     

The puzzle of quality upgrading of Chinese exports from the trade liberalization perspective

Trade liberalization could accelerate the process of quality upgrading through the competition effect. However, that the quality of Chinese exports exhibits an opposite performance pattern is puzzling. The present paper uses a framework based on multiproduct firms to analyse the mechanism of how the product quality of exports is affected by trade liberalization to explain this puzzle. The model includes two major mechanisms: the competition effect and the market effect. There is a huge gap in the influence on the product quality of exports between a decrease in tariff barriers and non‐tariff barriers: firms' product quality increases (decreases) when non‐tariff barriers (tariff barriers) fall. The data of Chinese firms from 2001 to 2011 supports this conclusion. Further research reveals that the influence of trade liberalization on the product quality of exports in China varies among different types of firms.     

Chinese competition and product variety of Indian firms

Using detailed firm-product-year data across manufacturing industries in India, and exploiting the exogenous nature of China’s entry into the WTO in 2001, we investigate the link between the impact of import penetration from China on the product variety of Indian manufacturing firms. We find: (i) robust and significant effects of product drop, with the effect coming only from competitive pressure in the domestic market; (ii) robust evidence of product drop or ‘creative destruction’ only for firms belonging to the lower-half of the size distribution; (iii) firms drop their peripheral/marginal products and concentrate on the core ones; and (iv) the result is strongest for firms producing intermediate goods. For an average Indian manufacturing firm, a 10 percentage point increase in India’s Chinese share of imports in the domestic market reduces the product scope of firms by 1.7–4.4%. In contrast, we find positive effects on product scope when firms are importing intermediate goods. We also find evidence of significant productivity effects and within-firm factor reallocation. Our results are consistent to a battery of robustness checks and IV estimation.     

中国金融结构与企业自主创新的关系研究

利用1991—2009年我国的相关数据,以专利数量作为企业自主创新的代理变量,以国内生产总值、人力资本、研发资本作为控制变量,采用协整模型对我国金融结构与企业自主创新的关系进行了实证研究。研究结果显示:市场需求对企业自主创新能力的影响最大,人力资本水平对企业自主创新的影响速度最快;我国金融结构对企业自主创新有显著影响,但影响存在时滞。提出加强金融市场的发展、扩大直接融资的渠道和规模更有利于企业进行自主创新。     

Vertical integration, market foreclosure and quality investment

We study incentives to vertically integrate in an industry with vertically differentiated downstream firms. Vertical integration by one of the firms increases production costs for the rival. Increased production costs negatively affects quality investment both by the integrated firm and the unintegrated rival. Quality investment by both firms decreases under any (vertical integration) scenario. The decrease in quality invesment by both firms softens competition among downstream firms. By integrating first, a firm always produces the high quality good and earns higher profits. A fully integrated industry, with increased product differentiation, is observed in equilibrium. Due to increase in firm profits, social welfare under this structure is greater than under no integration.