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1.
本文使用我国A股上市公司1994-2019年的季度样本数据,以金駐周期为切入点,考察了信贷供给对企业资本结构动态调整的作用机理.研究表明,在金融周期正常期中信贷扩张对企业资本结构动态调整的作用机制与全样本一致,显著提升了其通过债务融资方式向上调整资本结构的速度,且在高成长性企业、国有企业和弱融资约束企业中较为显著.在金融周期繁荣期和衰退期中,信贷扩张在高成长性企业与低成长性企业、国有企业与非国有企业和强融资约束企业与弱融资约束企业之间呈现出差异化的作用机制.本文的研究为监管当局厘清不同行业不同时期下企业资本结构的演化机制和去杠杆政策的制定提供了参考.  相似文献   

2.
企业投资效率之谜:融资约束假说与货币政策冲击   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
国有企业投资效率低于非国有企业被认为是中国长期过度投资现象之下的典型事实,基于相对早期样本的代表性研究均显示如此。然而,本文采取一致性方法测度企业投资效率却显著发现,近年来非国有企业的投资效率相对更低。本文提出融资约束假说解释企业投资效率之谜,并通过实证研究表明,在外部融资依赖度越高的行业,非国有企业投资效率相对国有企业的差距越大。货币政策冲击会显著影响这一差距,货币紧缩时差距会增大,而货币宽松时差距则缩小。进一步的实证结果表明,近年来频繁的货币政策冲击强化了国有企业与非国有企业之间的融资约束差异,国有企业不断获得扶持性信贷补贴,而非国有企业的信贷资源则被相应挤出,日益严重的信贷融资约束使非国有企业投资效率持续下降,进而产生企业投资效率之谜。  相似文献   

3.
本文从理论和经验两方面研究宏观冲击对我国上市公司融资选择和资本结构动态调整行为的影响。构建的资本结构动态调整模型表明,作为外生宏观冲击,信贷市场和权益市场的数量性和成本性指标的变动,对企业选择负债还是权益融资以及由此形成的资本结构具有重要影响;经验研究结果表明,经济环境与宏观政策的波动通过改变企业面临的信贷融资环境和权益融资环境进而影响资本结构的动态调整。这种影响对不同资产规模的企业存在差异。大企业的信贷获得能力强,向目标资本结构调整的速度快,但对信贷成本的关注度相对较低。相反,小企业信贷获得的竞争力较弱,对成本指标的变动更为敏感。股权融资方面,权益市场扩张使得企业通过上市首发、增发、配股等途径获得权益资本的机会更多,但股市收益率对企业资本结构影响的经济意义不显著。  相似文献   

4.
金融抑制与商业信用二次配置功能   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
信贷资源通过正规金融机构到企业只是完成初次分配,获得融资的企业再把资金转移给其他企业则是信贷资源的二次分配,商业信用在信贷资源二次分配过程中扮演着重要角色,并得到文献证实。商业信用二次配置功能存在的制度基础是什么?基于中国独特的金融制度环境,本文识别并验证了金融抑制是如何影响并决定商业信用二次分配功能的。实证发现,商业信用的二次分配功能在金融抑制程度越高的地区表现越强,并随着金融改革发展而减弱。在国有企业和国家重点扶持的行业中,企业的商业信用二次分配功能更加显著。本文阐述了宏观金融背景是如何影响企业微观融资行为的,对当前的金融改革具有一定政策参考价值,也有利于深入理解中国企业当前所面临的融资问题。  相似文献   

5.
文章基于融资约束和公司治理视角,选取2010—2020年中国A股上市公司面板数据,实证检验了不同产权性质下,混合所有制改革对企业全要素生产率的影响效应。结果表明:混合所有制改革与企业全要素生产率显著正相关,即股权主体多元和股权融合程度越高,企业全要素生产率水平越高,在考虑内生性问题后,该结论依然稳健。进一步研究表明,国有企业混合所有制改革能够对企业管理形成有效的监督,提升公司治理水平,而非国有企业混合所有制能够有效弥补制度缺陷,缓解企业融资约束。本研究为企业混合所有制改革绩效评价提供了微观层面的有力证据,对实现中国企业的高质量发展具有一定启示。  相似文献   

6.
战略性新兴产业的提出在解决出口疲软、产能过剩等一系列问题中发挥着至关重要的作用,为了给其提供相对完整的金融支持体系,文章从宏观角度出发利用多元回归模型对陕西省金融支持战略性新兴产业发展情况进行了实证分析,研究了金融信贷支持规模、政府财政科技投入以及资本市场支持与战略性新兴产业发展水平的关系,并与广东省进行对比,比较两者在金融支持对战略性新兴产业发展影响效果方面的差异并分析其原因,给予陕西省一些借鉴启示。结果显示,陕西省政府财政科技投入、金融机构信贷支持、证券资本市场、地区金融发展水平对战略性新兴产业发展均有显著的正向影响,但风险投资、民间资本投入对战略性新兴产业发展的影响不显著。比较发现,广东省各项衡量金融支持的指标对战略性新兴产业发展的影响作用要优于陕西。依据实证研究结果,借鉴广东省的经验提出金融支持陕西省战略性新兴产业发展的对策建议。  相似文献   

7.
许罡  朱卫东  张子余 《财经研究》2012,(12):120-127
文章利用2007-2010年我国A股上市公司数据,实证研究了财政分权、企业寻租与地方政府补助之间的关系。研究发现:(1)总体上看,财政分权程度越高的地区,政府对企业的补助越少,而且企业寻租有助于其获得政府补助;(2)区分不同所有制企业后,财政分权程度越高的地区,政府对国有企业的补助越多,而对非国有企业的补助则越少,说明在政府补助方面存在所有制歧视,国有企业的预算软约束问题依然突出。因此,营造不同所有制经济公平竞争、共同发展的制度环境任重而道远。  相似文献   

8.
绿色信贷政策肩负着撬动社会资本进入绿色发展领域和推动"两高一剩"企业绿色转型的双重目标.基于双重差分模型,以2005-2019年中国沪深A股上市公司为样本,证实绿色信贷政策对企业债务融资产生了"赏罚分明"的影响:"赏"表现为,非"两高一剩"企业如果与开启了绿色信贷业务的银行发生过业务关系,其长、短期债务融资规模和债务期限结构表现更优;"罚"表现为,在绿色信贷政策出台后,"两高一剩"企业的长期债务融资规模和债务期限结构显著下降.异质性研究表明,非国有企业获得了更大的"赏",但不同所有制的"两高一剩"企业在受"罚"时没有明显差异;地级市金融发展水平越高,工业污染强度越小,绿色信贷政策的"赏"越大;地方政府债务规模越大,绿色信贷政策的"罚"越小.提高绿色信息披露水平、明晰市场与政府权责边界和缓解信贷配置的所有制偏好,是提升绿色信贷政策效力的关键.  相似文献   

9.
将银行信贷和商业信贷纳入统一的分析框架,使用中国2000-2006年的企业—产品—目的地—年份的四维出口数据,研究融资约束与金融发展对企业出口产品质量的影响。结果发现:银行信贷和商业信贷均制约着企业出口产品质量的提高,而地区金融发展能够同时改善两种融资约束并对企业出口产品质量产生积极影响,并且金融发展对于私营企业出口产品质量的提升效应最为明显,国有企业其次,外资企业最小。研究结论不仅有助于理解中国出口长期锁定于低端产品的现状,而且为相关部门金融改革和对外贸易政策提供了实证支持。  相似文献   

10.
信贷寻租、融资约束与企业创新   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
《经济研究》2017,(5):161-174
本文利用2005年世界银行中国企业调查数据,考察了信贷寻租和融资约束对企业创新的影响,结果发现,信贷寻租和融资约束都能显著抑制企业创新,当企业遭遇信贷寻租时,融资约束对企业创新的制约作用更强。可能的原因是,信贷寻租减少了企业的创新利润,挤出和替代了企业的创新资金。在更替融资约束的测度指标进行稳健性检验,以及运用工具变量和PSM方法弱化信贷寻租和融资约束的内生性问题后,以上结论仍然成立。本文进一步按照企业规模、所有制类型和资本要素密集度划分样本进行分析,发现信贷寻租加剧融资约束对企业创新的抑制作用在中小企业、民营企业和资本密集型企业表现得尤为突出。因此,严厉打击寻租腐败,深化金融体制改革,让市场在资本配置中起决定性作用,有利于企业创新和经济的可持续发展。  相似文献   

11.
John Stuart Mill has traditionally been portrayed as self-contradictory and failing to construct a unified social theory. Recent scholarship, however, has challenged this view, finding Mill's work to be creatively synthetic in bridging the antinomies inherent in liberal democratic thought. This revisionist interpretation of Mill is advanced by an understanding of his theory of justice and its role in shaping his policy positions on issues such as welfare, education, voting rights, property rights, taxation, government intervention, and the future of capitalism.  相似文献   

12.
Arik Hesseldahl In the aftermath of the September 11 attacks, U.S. officials quickly turned their attention to other potential targets, including California's Golden Gate Bridge. What would happen if terrorists took down the bridge between San Francisco and Marin County? How much of the region would be affected and for how long?  相似文献   

13.
Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to introduce explicitly pleasure and belief in what aims at being a Humean theory of decision, like the one developed in Diaye and Lapidus (2005a). Although we support the idea that Hume was in some way a hedonist – evidently different from Bentham's or Jevons' way – we lay emphasis less on continuity than on the specific kind of hedonism encountered in Hume's writings (chiefly the Treatise, the second Enquiry, the Dissertation, or some of his Essays). Such hedonism clearly contrasts to its standard modern inheritance, expressed by the relation between preferences and utility.

The reason for such a difference with the usual approach lies in the mental process that Hume puts to the fore in order to explain the way pleasure determines desires and volition. Whereas pleasure is primarily, in Hume's words, an impression of sensation, it takes place in the birth of passions as reflecting an idea of pleasure, whose “force and vivacity” is precisely a “belief”, transferred to the direct passions of desire or volition that come immediately before action. As a result, from a Humean point of view, “belief” deals with decision under risk or uncertainty, as well as with intertemporal decision and indiscrimination problems.

The latter are explored within a formal framework, and it is shown that the relation of pleasure is transformed by belief into a non-empty class of relations of desire, among which at least one is a preorder.  相似文献   

14.
This article seeks to evaluate the appropriateness of a variety of existing forecasting techniques (17 methods) at providing accurate and statistically significant forecasts for gold price. We report the results from the nine most competitive techniques. Special consideration is given to the ability of these techniques to provide forecasts which outperforms the random walk (RW) as we noticed that certain multivariate models (which included prices of silver, platinum, palladium and rhodium, besides gold) were also unable to outperform the RW in this case. Interestingly, the results show that none of the forecasting techniques are able to outperform the RW at horizons of 1 and 9 steps ahead, and on average, the exponential smoothing model is seen providing the best forecasts in terms of the lowest root mean squared error over the 24-month forecasting horizons. Moreover, we find that the univariate models used in this article are able to outperform the Bayesian autoregression and Bayesian vector autoregressive models, with exponential smoothing reporting statistically significant results in comparison with the former models, and classical autoregressive and the vector autoregressive models in most cases.  相似文献   

15.
In principle, we want regulatory programs to be based on current realities, as reflected for example in the best knowledge of relevant experts. That would imply that old rules now on the books should be consistent with today's knowledge base, not just what was known when a rule or standard was originally set. This paper reports on a survey of US programs, examining how often existing rules are actually updated in light of better knowledge, and identifies five programs that attempt to make policy routinely adaptive. These programs exhibit what we term Planned Adaptation: they both revise rules when relevant new knowledge appears, and take steps to produce such improved knowledge. While Planned Adaptation is rare, it is used in several nationally prominent programs, including air pollution, airplane safety, and drug safety. Planned Adaptation is a policy tool that deserves more attention.  相似文献   

16.
中国拥有世界五分之一强的人口 ,收入又在迅速增长。因此 ,国际上很自然地会考虑或推测她在今后的几十年是否有能力养活自己。中国的人口预计将从 2 0 0 0年的 1 2 8亿增长到 2 0 2 0年的 1 4 6亿 ,和 2 0 3 0年的 1 4 9亿。与此同时 ,人均收入的增长将导致对家畜和鱼类产品更大的需求 ,因而对饲料的需求也将有很大的增长  相似文献   

17.
18.
Although he was much influenced by David Ricardo when he wrote the classical part of his Principles , John Stuart Mill was not a Ricardian when he penned his theories of wealth and distribution. They are based on a triple foundation. First, a belief that economics is a moral discipline. Second a theory of custom-driven human behavior. Third, an empirically formed conviction that the institutions of state, education and business cooperate to structure the distribution of income. On the basis of these presuppositions, Mill formulated 1) an institutional theory of the formation of human and non-human wealth and 2) an even more institutional theory of distribution demonstrating how the aforementioned institutions malignantly skew the distribution of income to the advantage of the propertied classes and to the extreme disadvantage of the working class. As a social economist, Mill recommended institutional reforms designed to eradicate the poverty of the working class.  相似文献   

19.
Neoliberal political movements advocate privatization of public pension systems. Globalization imposes pressure on nations to conform to neoliberal policy views with respect to the design and structure of social insurance, including public pension systems. The paper begins with an investigation of the economic, ethical and ideological dimensions of the privatization debates in the U.S.; it argues that privatization advocates may be largely moved by ideology, since the other reasons advanced appear weak or unfounded. The second part discusses the history of Social Security, the purposes for its creation, and some of its economic effects. Differences between public and private pension systems are considered. A brief international comparison of some aspects of public pension system finance and benefit structures is presented. The final section considers the ethical, macroeconomic and distributional implications of privatization, prefunding and payroll tax funding, and argues for a pay as you go system financed with income taxes. In order to promote equity, economic security, community, and social cohesion, public pension systems should be universal in coverage. In order to reduce the inequality, income insecurity, and aged poverty generated by market economies, public pension systems ought to be progressive: benefit/contribution ratios should be inversely proportional to income, and progressive income taxes should finance the system. To promote economic growth, the systems should be financed on a pay-as-you-go basis, and should not be prefunded except for an emergency reserve. The fiscal policy recommendations partially depend upon the theory developed by Abba Lerner in the 1940s, and recently advanced by Wynne Godley and Randy Wray: Lerner's “principle of functional finance.”  相似文献   

20.
Synopsis Classification is an important activity that facilitates theory development in many academic disciplines. Scholars in fields such as organizational science, management science and economics and have long recognized that classification offers an approach for ordering and understanding the diversity of organizational taxa (groups of one or more similar organizational entities). However, even the most prominent organizational classifications have limited utility, as they tend to be shaped by a specific research bias, inadequate units of analysis and a standard neoclassical economic view that does not naturally accommodate the disequilibrium dynamics of modern competition. The result is a relatively large number of individual and unconnected organizational classifications, which tend to ignore the processes of change responsible for organizational diversity. Collectively they fail to provide any sort of universal system for ordering, compiling and presenting knowledge on organizational diversity. This paper has two purposes. First, it reviews the general status of the major theoretical approaches to biological and organizational classification and compares the methods and resulting classifications derived from each approach. Definitions of key terms and a discussion on the three principal schools of biological classification (evolutionary systematics, phenetics and cladistics) are included in this review. Second, this paper aims to encourage critical thinking and debate about the use of the cladistic classification approach for inferring and representing the historical relationships underpinning organizational diversity. This involves examining the feasibility of applying the logic of common ancestry to populations of organizations. Consequently, this paper is exploratory and preparatory in style, with illustrations and assertions concerning the study and classification of organizational diversity.  相似文献   

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