中厚层超稠油油藏动用程度影响因素及挖潜技术分析

中厚层状超稠油油藏一般储量较大,但开发难度大,动用程度低.综合应用油藏地质及监测资料,通过数理统计分析及数值模拟,研究了杜229块兴隆台油层平面与纵向上的动用规律.揭示超稠油油藏蒸汽吞吐开发动用程度的影响因素,为采取有效技术措施,不断提高储量动用程度,改善超稠油开发效果提供了基础和方向.研究表明,亚临界锅炉注汽、层系互换、水平井加密、大注汽量集团注汽、一注多采等措施可有效提高油藏动用程度,提高采收率.此次研究结果对于其它油田的中厚层稠油油藏开发也就有一定的指导和借鉴意义.     

改善互层状超稠油油藏吞吐效果技术研究

辽河油田曙一区兴隆台油层为互层状超稠油油藏,是主要的储量接替和产能建设区域.该区域储层发育差,开发过程中存在注汽压力高、低周期采注比低、周期产油量低、油汽比低、吞吐效果差等问题.通过对油藏储层特征、油藏开发矛盾的研究,掌握制约互层状超稠油油藏开发效果的因素和机理,寻求改善开发效果的有效途径和技术手段.现场应用表明,通过合理的射孔层位组合、合理的注汽参数设计、组合式吞吐技术的应用、套管防护技术的应用等,可以有效的改善油藏开发效果.     

常规稠油注水开发技术研究

曙1-6-12断块属于浊积厚层砂砾岩、中高渗中质稠油油藏,1980年9月开始注水开发,注水开发过程中适时应用早期注水、动态调注、周期注水、水井调剖以及注采井网调整等技术,实现了区块的高效开发.文章重点阐述了不同开发阶段注水技术的研究与应用,分析开发效果,总结成果经验.对同类油藏采用注水开发具有较好的借鉴和指导作用.     

普通稠油油藏纵向动用程度与储层参数关系研究

对普通稠油油层吸汽状况与储层参数关系研究.结合油藏动态监测资料分析,确定了油藏动用程度与储层参数对应关系,提出了蒸汽吞吐动用油层的渗透率下限和厚度下限.该研究为提高油藏动用程度和注汽参数优化设计提供切实可行的依据.经过现场实践,取得了较好的经济效益,对同类油藏的开发具有一定的指导意义.     

曙光油田稠油分注选注配套工艺技术研究与应用

随着曙光油田稠油油藏开发时间的延长,老区块采出程度提高,纵向储量动用严重不均衡,产量递减加大,处于低压低速递减阶段.为了解决这些矛盾而提出稠油分注选注配套技术.该项技术作为蒸汽吞吐技术在现场应用中的一个重要手段,其作用是提高油层纵向动用程度,调整吸汽剖面,从而达到经济高效开发稠油油藏的目的.经过多年的研究与改进,目前该项技术成为提高曙光油田稠油开发水平的主要措施之一.     

NINKA吞吐采油技术在稠油油藏的应用

在齐108块边底水稠油油藏进行了NINKA技术试验.结果表明,该技术不仅可以延长油井的生产周期,提高原油产量,而且含水率得到有效控制,原油粘度和胶质、沥青质含量降低,取得了令人满意的效果.该技术具有良好的推广前景.     

曙光油田注汽系统热效率配套工艺技术研究

稠油注汽费用是曙光油田主要支出成本之一,注汽系统热效率配套工艺技术可有效降低注汽成本.提高注汽系统热效率实质上是确保注汽锅炉燃料产生的热量最大限度地转化为锅炉出口湿饱和蒸汽的热能,湿饱和蒸汽携带的热能最大化注入油层,起到了延长注汽周期,减少注汽量、降低能源消耗的目的.     

降低热注系统注汽单耗技术的研究及应用

欢喜岭油田每年注汽燃料的消耗非常大,燃料费用是油田主要成本支出之一,实现节能降耗,降低成本,减少支出,一直是人们关心的问题.笔者从影响注汽单耗因素入手,有针对性地开展了降低注汽单耗技术的研究工作,2004年以来,在欢喜岭油田热注锅炉进行了应用,取得了显著效果,创经济效益780.7×104元,同时配套技术的综合应用提高了注汽干度,改善了注汽效果,提高了油井周期产量,产生了较好的间接经济效益.     

应用"组合式注汽"提高油田采收率——以曙1-38-7030井组为例

对曙1-38-7030井组吞吐规律和开发矛盾的分析,在超稠油普通蒸汽吞吐的基础上,有针对性的采取组合式注汽(间歇恢复、抽稀井网整体注汽、一注多采)的开采方式,取得了较好的吞吐效果,提高了井组采收率,为稠油油田的开发提供了值得借鉴的开采模式.     

超稠油油藏汽窜防治方法研究

通过对超稠油蒸汽吞吐汽窜特点的研究,对曙一区超稠油汽窜的油藏和开发等因素进行了分析,并对防治汽窜的方法进行了探讨,提出了适合超稠油蒸汽吞吐开发的汽窜防治措施.现场应用表明,通过采用优化射孔层位和注汽参数、推广应用组合式蒸汽吞吐技术、实施高温暂堵、调剖封窜技术等,可以有效抑制和利用汽窜,改善油层动用状况,提高油藏开发效果.     

Health, Wealth, Fertility, Education, and Inequality

The authors use a new cross-country dataset to estimate the strength of the links between different dimensions of social and economic development, including indicators of health, fertility, and education, as well as material wellbeing. This differs from previous studies in employing data for different income groups in each country in order to provide direct evidence on factors driving inequality, and in using a unique measure of material wellbeing that does not rely on PPP comparisons.     

Ageing,government budgets,retirement, and growth

We analyze the short and long-run effects of demographic ageing – increased longevity and reduced fertility – on per-capita growth. The OLG model captures direct effects, working through adjustments in the savings rate, labor supply, and capital deepening, and indirect effects, working through changes of taxes, government spending components and the retirement age in politico-economic equilibrium. Growth is driven by capital accumulation and productivity increases fueled by public investment. The closed-form solutions of the model predict taxation and the retirement age in OECD economies to increase in response to demographic ageing and per-capita growth to accelerate. If the retirement age was held constant, the growth rate in politico-economic equilibrium would essentially remain unchanged, due to a surge of social-security transfers and crowding out of public investment.     

Inflation,money, interest rate,exchange rate,and casuality: the case of Egypt,Morocco, and Tunisia

This study provides further evidence of the inflationary efects of the rates of growth of money supply, gross domestic product, efective exchange rate, and imported inflation for Egypt, Morocco, and Tunisia using quarterly data from 1964 to 1990. In addition, it examines the Granger causality between inflation and money supply as well as between inflation and the real exchange rate in the countries under consideration. Most of the results are consistent with extant theory and empirical evidence.     

Money,government debt,q, and investment

The aim of this study is to analyze empirically the linkages among changes in money and federal debt, Tobin's q variable, and investment expenditures in the United States. The vector autoregressive modeling technique proposed by Hsiao and extended by Caines, Keng, and Sethi is employed. The patterns of Granger-causality from the estimated vector autoregression are consistent with the transmission mechanism outlined by Tobin. Both money and debt Granger-cause q; q in turn causes investment and money and debt's effects upon investment operate primarily through their effects on q. However, neither money nor debt are exogenous.