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1.
Estimation of technical inefficiency effects using panel data and doubly heteroscedastic stochastic production frontiers 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
In previous studies, measures of technical inefficiency effects derived from stochastic production frontiers have been estimated
from residuals which are sensitive to specification errors. This study corrects for this inaccuracy by extending the doubly
heteroscedastic stochastic cost frontier suggested by Hadri (1999) to the model for technical inefficiency effects. This model
is a stochastic frontier production function for panel data as proposed by Battese and Coelli (1995). The study uses, for
illustration of the techniques, data on 101 mainly cereal farms in England. We find that the correction for heteroscedasticity
is supported by the data. Both point estimates and confidence intervals for technical efficiencies are provided. The confidence
intervals are constructed by extending the “Battese-Coelli” method reported by Horrace and Schmidt (1996) by allowing the
technical inefficiency to be time varying and the disturbance terms to be heteroscedastic. The confidence intervals reveal
the precision of technical efficiency estimates and show the deficiencies of making inferences based exclusively on point
estimates.
First version received: March 2000/Final version received: Oct. 2001
RID="*"
ID="*" The authors are grateful to the Economic and Social Research Council for access to their Data Archive which has provided
the data for this research. We are indebted to Badi Baltagi and two anonymous referees for their helpful comments and suggestions.
The usual caveat applies. 相似文献
2.
This paper investigates the potential channels through which R&D may influence TFP growth using industry-level panel data
of China’s large and medium-sized industrial enterprises over the period of 2000–2007. Comparing with existing literature,
we provide a closer look of the relationship between R&D and TFP growth by decomposing TFP growth into efficiency change and
technical change components using Malmquist productivity index and distinguishing between upstream R&D spillovers and downstream
R&D spillovers. We find TFP grow slightly during 2000–2007, and R&D investment indeed serves as an engine of productivity
growth just as endogenous growth theories argued, which is largely because R&D accelerates technical progress even it also
results in enlarging technical inefficiency. However, we find a robust negative effect of downstream R&D spillovers on TFP
growth, the effects of upstream is positive but not statistically significant. In addition, we do not find the positive effects
of human capital on TFP as endogenous growth theories indicated, but find human capital severs as “assimilation device” for
R&D spillovers both in promoting TFP growth and increasing technical efficiency even the effects on technical progress is
adverse. 相似文献
3.
On the choice of functional form in stochastic frontier modeling 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:4
This paper examines the effect of functional form specification on the estimation of technical efficiency using a panel data
set of 125 olive-growing farms in Greece for the period 1987–93. The generalized quadratic Box-Cox transformation is used
to test the relative performance of alternative, widely used, functional forms and to examine the effect of prior choice on
final efficiency estimates. Other than the functional specifications nested within the Box-Cox transformation, the comparative
analysis includes the minflex Laurent translog and generalized Leontief that possess desirable approximation properties. The
results indicate that technical efficiency measures are very sensitive to the choice of functional specification. Perhaps
most importantly, the choice of functional form affects the identification of the factors affecting individual performance
– the sources of technical inefficiency. The analysis also shows that while specification searches do narrow down the set
of feasible alternatives, the identification of the most appropriate functional specification might not always be (statistically)
feasible.
First version received: November 1999/Final version received: July 2001
RID="*"
ID="*" The authors wish to thank Almas Heshmati, Robert Romain, and an anonymous referee for insightful comments and suggestions.
Special thanks go to the associate editor who handled the paper, and whose careful reading and suggestions have improved the
paper substantially. The second author wishes to acknowledge the financial support from “President SSHRC” from the University
of Saskatchewan. The usual caveats with respect to opinions expressed in the paper apply. Senior authorship is shared. This is University of Nebraska-Lincoln Agricultural Research Division Article No. 13270. 相似文献
4.
Using disaggregated panel data for the period 1996–2002, this paper estimates the cost efficiency of Romanian banks and relates
it to regulation implemented by the National Bank of Romania. We estimate efficiency using a model that combines the frameworks
of both stochastic frontier analysis and shadow cost functions. Our results indicate that, for all types of banks, the cost
of technical inefficiency decreases in the years following tightening of regulation. A significant part of this decrease can
be attributed to the policy change. Overall, the short-run increase in cost due to additional regulation exceeds the benefits
from reduced technical inefficiency. However, our model does not account for other benefits, besides changes in X-inefficiency,
such as stability of the banking system, which may be significant.
相似文献
5.
Specification and estimation of stochastic multiple-output production and technical inefficiency 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Mickael Lothgren 《Applied economics》2013,45(12):1533-1540
This paper presents a primal-based approach for specification and estimation of multiple-output production frontiers that allows simultaneous identification and estimation of determinants of technical inefficiency. The proposed model extends the technical efficiency effects model by Battese and Coelli (1995) to general multiple-output technologies. An empirical application using Swedish health care panel data from the years 1989–1994 is included. The key issue is to test for the effects on technical efficiency of an organizational reform implemented with the primary purpose to increase efficiency. The results reveal no significant effect on technical efficiency of the reform, but evidence of overall decreased technical efficiency and technical progress in the provision of health care over the studied time period are found. 相似文献
6.
This study measures cost inefficiency of Kansas public school districts and applied both mathematical programming and stochastic
frontier approach. The empirical study uses two-stage data envelopment analysis model and the cost inefficiency effects model
proposed by Battese and Coelli (Empirical Economics 24:325–332, 1995) and applied to a panel data. The results found mean inefficiencies from these two models are very close. The results indicate
that Kansas school districts, on average, exhibit cost inefficiency in their operations, however, there is a tendency for
inefficiencies to decline over time. The study does not find any strong evidence for lower efficiency due to lower expenditure
per-pupil. Instead, we found inconclusive evidences where lower efficiency for certain school districts could be assigned
to unfavorable environmental cost conditions.
相似文献
John PoggioEmail: |
7.
Beniamina Buzzo Margari Fabrizio Erbetta Carmelo Petraglia Massimiliano Piacenza 《Journal of Regulatory Economics》2007,32(2):131-151
This paper assesses the impact of regulatory and environmental factors and statistical noise on the efficiency of public transit
systems within a DEA-based framework. Using a panel of Italian companies, we implement a DEA-SFA mixed approach based on [H.O.
Fried et al. (2002) Journal of Productivity Analysis, 17(1–2), 157–174] to decompose DEA inefficiency measures into three components: exogenous effects, managerial inefficiency and
stochastic events. Besides providing evidence on the determinants of input-specific efficiency differentials across companies,
the results point out that managerial skills play a minor role, and emphasize the relevance of regulatory policies aimed at
replacing cost-plus subsidization with high-powered incentive contracts as well as improving environmental conditions of public
transit networks.
相似文献
8.
Scale and efficiency measurement using a semiparametric stochastic frontier model: evidence from the U.S. commercial banks 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
In this paper, we use the local maximum likelihood (LML) method proposed by Kumbhakar et al. (J Econom, 2007) to estimate
stochastic cost frontier models for a sample of 3,691 U.S. commercial banks. This method relaxes several deficiencies in the
econometric estimation of frontier functions. In particular, we relax the assumption that all banks share the same production
technology and provide bank-specific measures of returns to scale and cost inefficiency. The LML method is applied to estimate
the cost frontiers in which a truncated normal distribution is used to model technical inefficiency. This formulation allows
the cost frontier, inefficiency effects and heteroskedasticity in both noise and inefficiency components to be quite flexible.
相似文献
9.
Technical Efficiency in Australian Textile and Clothing Firms: Evidence From the Business Longitudinal Survey 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
I.K.M. Mokhtarul Wadud 《Australian economic papers》2004,43(3):357-378
This paper estimates technical efficiency of Australian textile and clothing firms based on the data obtained from the Business Longitudinal Survey (BLS) conducted by the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS). Using a Cobb Douglas stochastic production frontier the paper examines firm level technical efficiency in the time varying inefficiency effect model with technical inefficiency effects assumed as an independently distributed truncated normal variable. Estimates of the production frontier revealed significant but small elasticities of labour and capital for textile and clothing firms, respectively, and a negative (but insignificant) Hicks neutral technical change for both. Estimated coefficients of the explanatory variables for inefficiency effects indicated that technical efficiency varied significantly according to firms' age, size, capital intensity, proportion of non-production to total workers and type of legal status. Predicted firm specific efficiency varied from 16 per cent to 95 per cent and mean efficiency ranged between 30 to 70 per cent. In view of these results policies have been suggested to improve technical efficiency of the firms as well as productivity growth of the sub sectors. 相似文献
10.
This paper estimates the technical and allocative inefficiencies of the transmission-distribution sector of Japanese electric
utilities using a panel data during the 1981–1998 period. A stochastic production frontier of the CES form is jointly estimated
with input demand equations. Taking advantage of the self-duality, we retrieve the cost frontier by which the impacts of technical
and allocative inefficiencies on costs and input demands are measured. The estimated elasticity of substitution is significantly
different from unity in favor of the CES specification over the Cobb–Douglas. The results show that observed costs are 9 to
48% higher than the efficient level; technical inefficiency raises costs by 1 to 28%, while allocative inefficiency does so
by 8 to 30%. Although their impacts on costs are similar, technical inefficiency more fluctuates so the differences in the
performance of utilities are mainly due to technical inefficiency. We also find a substantial over-utilization of capital
for all utilities.
相似文献
Jiro NemotoEmail: |
11.
Changyuan Luo 《Frontiers of Economics in China》2007,2(1):92-113
Based on panel data at the provincial level in China, this paper found that direct effects foreign direct investment (FDI)
had on economic growth were of insignificance. However, through improving technical efficiency and “crowding” in domestic
investment, FDI produced positive effects on China’s economy. The state sector still played a major part in the total fixed
investment, therefore, direct effects on growth were significant. Although private sector was increasingly important for the
whole economy, it had no direct influences on economic growth. Meanwhile, neither the state sector nor private sector made
contribution to the improvement on technical efficiency.
__________
Translated from Shijie Jingji Wenhui 世界经济文汇 (World Economic Papers), 2006, (4): 27–43 相似文献
12.
Renuka Mahadevan 《Applied economics》2013,45(15):2007-2014
This study attempts to understand the technical efficiency performance (i.e. how well resources and given technology are being used) in 28 manufacturing industries in Singapore from 1975–1994, using an improved version of the stochastic frontier model. In addition, an analytical model is used to investigate the causes of technical inefficiency in these industries to help policy formulation. The efficiency performance of foreign and local-dominated industries is also closely examined. 相似文献
13.
This article examines the impact of trade reform on technical efficiency on the Indonesian chemicals industry using firm-level panel data. The effects of trade reform on technical efficiency are analysed using a stochastic frontier approach. Two variables represent trade reform in this model: effective rate of protection (ERP) and import ratio (IMP). The findings of the present study suggest that both trade reform variables have significant effects on technical efficiency. The coefficient of ERP has a positive sign and is statistically significant, which means that an increase in ERP increases the inefficiency (or decreases the technical efficiency) of firms in the chemicals industry. The coefficient of IMP is negative and statistically significant, which represents the negative impact of IMP on technical inefficiency (or positive on technical efficiency). Thus, trade reform, a reduction in ERP or an increase in IMP, has an unambiguously positive effect on technical efficiency in the Indonesian chemicals industry. 相似文献
14.
Sophia P. Dimelis 《International Review of Applied Economics》2014,28(6):797-812
In this paper we examine the impact of human capital on technical inefficiency. A stochastic production frontier is simultaneously estimated with a technical inefficiency model using data from one-digit industries of the Greek economy, for the period 2000–2005. The results indicate a significantly negative impact of human capital on technical inefficiency, which is comparatively lower in magnitude for the sector of public services. The most efficient industries of the Greek economy are those of Education, Financial intermediation and Real estate, renting & business activities. The highest contribution of human capital on technical efficiency is observed in the industries of Health, Education and Real estate, renting & business activities. 相似文献
15.
This study attempts to measure the inefficiency associated with aggregate investment in a transitional economy. The inefficiency is decomposed into allocative and technical inefficiency based on standard production theory. Allocative inefficiency is measured by the deviation of actual investment from the theoretically desired investment demand. Institutional factors are then identified as part of the driving force of the deviation. The resulting model is applied to Chinese provincial panel data. The main findings are: Chinese investment demand is strongly receptive to expansionary fiscal policies and inter-provincial network effects; the tendency of over-investment remains, even with signs of increasing allocative efficiency and improving technical efficiency. 相似文献
16.
Farrokh Nourzad 《International Advances in Economic Research》2008,14(1):25-35
This paper uses a stochastic translog production frontier to estimate technical inefficiency indices whose conditional mean
is specified as a function of FDI and its interaction with openness of the economy. The model is estimated using an annual
panel of 46 countries for the years, 1981–2001. The results suggest that increased FDI increases potential output in both
developed and developing countries with the effect being more profound in the former. It is also found that increased FDI
reduces technical inefficiencies the more open is the economy but that this effect holds only for developed economies. Thus
qualified support is found for the “Bhagwati hypothesis” as the results reveal that the efficiency–enhancing effect of FDI
depends not only on openness but also on the degree of development of the host country.
相似文献
Farrokh NourzadEmail: |
17.
We reconsider necessary and sufficient conditions for dynamic inefficiency given in Zilcha (J Econ Theory 52:364–379, 1990,
J Econ Theory 55:1–16, 1991) and a critique by Rangazas and Russell (2005). First, we show that the characterization given
in Zilcha (1990) for nonstationary economies is correct and correct Zilcha’s proof. Second, using this insight, we complement
Rangazas and Russell’s (Econ Theory 26:701–716, 2005) discussion of the counterexamples to Zilcha (J Econ Theory 55:1–16,
1991). Third, we discuss consequences of our results for applied tests of (in-)efficiency based on the Zilcha criteria.
We would like to thank Itzhak Zilcha, and in particular Peter Rangazas and Steve Russell for detailed and very helpful comments. 相似文献
18.
A model for technical inefficiency effects in a stochastic frontier production function for panel data 总被引:49,自引:0,他引:49
A stochastic frontier production function is defined for panel data on firms, in which the non-negative technical inefficiency effects are assumed to be a function of firm-specific variables and time. The inefficiency effects are assumed to be independently distributed as truncations of normal distributions with constant variance, but with means which are a linear function of observable variables. This panel data model is an extension of recently proposed models for inefficiency effects in stochastic frontiers for cross-sectional data. An empirical application of the model is obtained using up to ten years of data on paddy farmers from an Indian village. The null hypotheses, that the inefficiency effects are not stochastic or do not depend on the farmer-specific variables and time of observation, are rejected for these data. 相似文献
19.
Benchmarking and firm heterogeneity: a latent class analysis for German electricity distribution companies 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Astrid Cullmann 《Empirical Economics》2012,42(1):147-169
In January 2009, the German Federal Network Agency introduced incentive regulation for the electricity distribution sector
based on results obtained from econometric and nonparametric benchmarking analysis. One main problem for the regulator in
assigning the relative efficiency scores is unobserved firm-specific factors such as network and technological differences.
Comparing the efficiency of different firms usually assumes that they operate under the same production technology, thus unobserved
factors might be inappropriately understood as inefficiency. To avoid this type of misspecification in regulatory practice,
estimation is carried out in two stages: in the first stage observations are classified into two categories according to the
size of the network operators. Then separate analyses are conducted for each subgroup. This article shows how to disentangle
the heterogeneity from inefficiency in one step, using a latent class model for stochastic frontiers. As the classification
is not based on a priori sample separation criteria it delivers more robust, statistically significant, and testable results.
Against this background, we analyze the level of technical efficiency of different subgroups from a sample of 200 regional
and local German electricity distribution companies for a balanced panel data set (2001–2005). Testing the hypothesis if larger
distributors operate under a different technology than smaller ones, we assess if a single step latent class model provides
new insights to the use of benchmarking approaches within the incentive regulation schemes. 相似文献
20.
This paper is dedicated to probing into the dynamic performances of industrial productivity across regions of transitional
China, using the panel data of provincial level. Based on the approach by Kumbhakar (2000), TFP (total factor productivity)
growth is decomposed into four components. The main results are as follows. First, since 1988, the industrial TFP growth has
been commonly accelerated across regions, with a rising technical change rate as the principal impetus. Second, meanwhile,
technical efficiency and factors’ allocative efficiency are deteriorated with scale efficiency switching from being retrogressive
to being progressive. Third, although the SOE (state-owned enterprise) reform in the late 1990s has constituted a common shock
to the industrial productivity, the eastern area with relatively few SOEs suffers the least from this policy enforcement.
Fourth, by exploring the sources of productivity differences, we further confirm that the institutional shock launched by
SOE reform in the late 1990s is crucial for the enhancement of scale effects as well as the temporarily rapid decline of factors’
allocative efficiency; in addition, the educational level of the labor-force and the share of non-SOEs in the industrial output
contribute positively to the acceleration of technical change and the improvement of allocative efficiency. The economic transition,
accompanied by gradual institutional reforms, is reshaping the map of regional industrialization through various channels.
Translated from Jingji Yanjiu 经济研究 (Economic Research Journal), 2006, (11): 48–59 相似文献