论促进西部开发的财税政策问题

第十届全国人民代表大会第五次会议又一次强调了新形势下加大对西部大开发的投入,但鉴于西部开发的财税政策出现的种种问题,如政府转移支付力度不足、财政投资效益低下、财政负担沉重、税收优惠政策无法落到实处等,我们建议在制定促进西部开发的财税政策时,应针对西部实际有所创新,同时,调动多方投资主体的积极性,把握政策转型期间的各种机遇,有针对性地支持西部特色产业.     

在新征程上坚持和完善社会主义基本经济制度

党的二十大报告为坚持和完善社会主义基本经济制度提供了基本遵循。本文认真学习党的二十大精神，从六个方面对此展开研究：一是在对社会主义道路的执着探索中坚定对基本经济制度的高度自信；二是在中国化时代化的马克思主义指引下把握基本经济制度的发展方向；三是在中国式现代化新征程上发挥基本经济制度的重要支柱作用；四是在根本政治制度与基本经济制度的统一中形成制度优势合力；五是在着力推动高质量发展中凸显基本经济制度的支撑作用；六是在中国特色社会主义财税理论研究中必须体现基本经济制度的时代要求。     

Competitive advantages of the mobile phone operators in the Asia Pacific region: analysis from the strategic groups approach

This paper studies the existence of strategic groups in the mobile phone industry. The analysis has been conducted in an international context characterised by major differences in regional wireless infrastructures, types of customers, government regulations and economic development, such as the Asia Pacific region. The purpose is to find the competitive advantages of the groups identified and the strategies that have led them to achieve them. The empirical research was carried out using data from a sample of the 28 largest firms of the industry in 2013. The results reveal the existence of three different strategic groups pursuing different strategies. The main determinant variables of the competitive advantages are price and size. The differences in environmental characteristics in this industry might explain the formation of strategic groups.     

中国工业生产力“数量革命”的经验解释

1978年以来,中国经济结构发生巨大变化的基本原因是工业生产力革命,工业产品的数量增加超过了任何国家。制造业的市场规模每隔7年翻一番,其中劳动生产率的成倍增长是制造业产出成倍增长的最根本原因。对工业制成品的实际需求是随着人均收入的提高而增长的,那么以人均产出数和消费数来衡量工业产品增长的前景时,工业生产力将进一步扩大,中国也将成为全球最大的工业化国家。     

烟草产业规制——基于需求面的分析框架

烟草是对健康有害的嗜好品,它有特殊的市场形态,其价格弹性和收入弹性都不同于普通产品.对这类产业的规制也不同于普通产业,其规制目标是产业促退而不是产业促进.中国的烟草产品又有区别于发达国家和其他发展中国家的独特市场形态,规制政策选择既要考虑国际通例,也要结合中国的市场特性.烟草产业规制要在规制效率、规制成本和社会公正之间寻求平衡.     

Imputation of Missing Values in the Fundamental Data: Using MICE Framework

Revolutionary developments in the field of big data analytics and machine learning algorithms have transformed the business strategies of industries such as banking, financial services, asset management, and e-commerce. The most common problems these firms face while utilizing data is the presence of missing values in the dataset. The objective of this study is to impute fundamental data that is missing in financial statements. The study uses ‘Multiple Imputation by Chained Equations’ (MICE) framework by utilizing the interdependency among the variables that wholly comply with accounting rules. The proposed framework has two stages. The initial imputation is based on predictive mean matching in the first stage and resolving financial constraints in the second stage. The MICE framework allows us to incorporate accounting constraints in the imputation process. The performance tests conducted on the imputed dataset indicate that the imputed values for the 177 line items are good and in line with the expectations of subject matter experts.

     

新型现代学徒制度：澳大利亚TAFE模式的启示

澳大利亚成功的职业与技术教育体系的一个重要标志就是新学徒制度在各行业的普及和推广。根据澳大利亚职业教育的特点,总结了这种教育体制对中国的启示,对中国职业教育有一定的借鉴作用。学徒制是一种传统的职业教育形式。随着时代的发展,许多国家在吸取借鉴传统学徒制优点的基础上发展现代学徒制度,作为实施职业教育的一种重要形式,以进一步密切职业教育与劳动力市场的关系。面对日益严峻的青年就业形势,许多国家高度重视学徒制培训在增加就业机会中所起的重要作用,积极发展学徒制培训。     

乡村收缩背景下松嫩平原乡村地区人口—经济空间耦合关系

以松嫩平原乡村地区32个县域单元为例,基于空间自相关分析及人口集中度指数、经济集中度指数、人口与经济分布不一致指数的测度,揭示乡村收缩背景下松嫩平原乡村地区人口—经济的空间耦合关系。结果表明:(1)2000—2018年,松嫩平原乡村地区人口数量先增加后减少,人口密度空间分布呈现"南密北疏"的格局。(2)人口空间分布的关联性较强,呈现典型的集聚分布模式,人口集中度指数南高北低且高值区域逐渐向北扩展。(3)经济集中度分布格局多呈现"双核"模式,且经济空间分布不均衡性大于人口空间分布的不均衡性。总体来看,近20年来,松嫩平原乡村地区人口—经济的空间耦合类型中,协调发展型和经济迟滞型的县域类型居多。     

经济全球化对生态环境的影响

随着世界贸易、投资自由化的逐步扩大和现代科学技术特别是信息技术的发展，经济全球化作为一种新的国际关系正在加快推进全球产业结构调整。关于贸易自由化的环境影响，自由贸易倡导者与环境主义者之间存在着分歧。事实上，贸易全球化对环境的总体影响是规模效应、结构效应、技术效应和产品效应的复杂变化的净结果。跨国公司是经济全球化的载体，有潜力在全球可持续发展中扮演正面角色。在竞争市场中，环境保护是跨国公司的一个重要考虑，但是以经济增长来为顾客和股东服务仍然是跨国公司的中心任务。跨国公司的环境管理实践应把可持续发展作为生存公式。     

中国农业资源游离问题研究

农业资源游离是农业资源配置的主要形式,资源游离有价值游离、实物游离、劳动游离等三种基本类型。建国以来由于行政配置资源功能的强化,造成我国农业资源多种形式的严重流失。矫正的思路是:在资源战略、价格战略和资本战略三者之间把资源战略放在首位,确立农业资源市场配置机制的核心地位。     

Estimating a Dynamic Model of Household Choices in the Presence of Income Taxation

The purpose of the article is to study the incentive and distributional consequences of income taxation. The article analyzes tax changes in a dynamic setting. The framework is estimated under a set of different identifying assumptions using parametric, nonparametric, and semiparametric techniques. The empirical results focus on tax reforms in Germany in the 1980s. The article shows that these reforms did not significantly lower effective tax rates. The findings also suggest that estimated elasticities for male labor supply are small, ranging between 0.02 and 0.2.     

Foresight in innovation policy: Shared visions for a science park and business-university links in a city region

The paper describes the process and outcomes of an exercise that used the 'success scenario' methodology to develop a shared vision of the future of business-university linkages in the city region of Manchester. The aim was to link the strategies of the four universities in the area (and in particular those of the two research universities that were in the process of merging) with the city's own self-vision of its future as a 'Knowledge Capital'. The resulting report presented a scenario of what success would look like in 2008 in five dimensions: infrastructure, human resources, university missions, inward investment, and networking. The exercise has had a significant impact on regional strategy. The paper considers the design factors involved in gaining this level of action commitment from a foresight activity.     

精益生产、敏捷制造、大规模定制和即时顾客化定制比较研究

精益生产要求尽量减少不必要的浪费;敏捷制造要求企业具备快速制造的敏捷素质和能力;大规模定制是要求企业将个性化定制产品和大规模生产综合起来;即时顾客化定制要求即时响应顾客的个性化需求。比较了这几种管理范式,说明市场扰动的增加和信息技术的发展是企业管理范式转变的驱动因素。     

Reviews

Book reviewed in this article:
Ricardo–The New View. Collected Essays I , by Samuel Hollander
The Economics of the Trade Union , by Alison Booth.
The Struggle for Industrial Relations in Australia , by Braham Dabscheck
The Current Account and Foreign Debt , by John Pitchford
The Transformation of the World Economy , 1980–1993, by Robert Solomon
The Legacy of Hicks: His Contributions to Economic Analysis , edited by Harald Hagemann and O.F. Hamouda
The Measurement of Household Welfare , edited by Richard Blundell, Ian Preston and Ian Walker
Current Issues in Public Choice , edited by Jose Casas Pardo and Friedrich Schneider     

国有企业新型公司治理结构问题及改革探析

国有企业公司治理结构的完善一直是改革的重点之一。随着国企现代企业制度的确立,这一问题从形式上可以说已经得到解决。然而,2004年一系列问题的出现充分说明,公司治理结构在国企中还未真正确立,或者说是出现了一些新的问题。国有公司治理低效的根源是产权问题,因此,只有在产权改革的基础上才能建立真正有效的公司治理结构。     

Calibrating the Employment Effects of Trade

The one-sector model of monopolistic competition and intraindustry trade is merged with the Shapiro–Stiglitz model of efficiency wages to show that introducing trade increases employment in both countries. The intuition is that even when employment is held constant, trade improves worker welfare via increased variety of available goods. The increase in worker welfare relaxes the efficiency wage constraint, permitting an increase in employment. The increase in employment magnifies the benefits of trade. The model is calibrated to US data to estimate the employment effects of eliminating all trade and eliminating trade with Mexico and Canada.     

Rural-urban migration,informal sector and development policies: a theoretical analysis

"A theoretical model of rural-urban migration has been developed with special reference to the informal sector. The wage rate and employment in the informal sector are determined endogenously. The paper shows the simultaneous existence of open unemployment and informal sector in the urban area in migration equilibrium. The effects of alternative subsidy policies on unemployment and welfare of the workers are studied." The model is intended primarily for use in analyzing trends and policies in developing countries.     

Evaluating technology disruptiveness in a strategic corporate context: A case study

This study examines how firms interpret new, potentially disruptive technologies in their own strategic context. The study uses a propositional framework for evaluating the amount of radical change in the companies' business models with two middle variables, the disruptiveness potential of a new technology, and the strategic importance of a new technology to a firm. The framework is used in a cross-case analysis of four potentially disruptive technologies or technical operating models: Bluetooth, WLAN, Grid computing and Mobile Peer-to-peer paradigm. The technologies were investigated from the perspective of three mobile operators, a device manufacturer and a software company in the ICT industry.The data was gathered in group-discussion sessions in each company. The results of each case analysis were brought together to evaluate, how firms interpret the potential disruptiveness in terms of changes in product characteristics and added value, technology and market uncertainty, changes in product-market positions, possible competence disruption and changes in value network positions. The results indicate that the perceived disruptiveness in terms of product characteristics does not necessarily translate into strategic importance. In addition, firms did not see the new technologies as a threat in terms of potential competence disruption.     

湖南省区域经济不平衡发展趋势研究

从理论上分析了湖南省区域经济差异的发散和收敛特征。文章以湖南省14个市(州)为研究的区划单元，从产出、产业结构、财政收入、居民收入等方面定量研究了1990年代以来湖南省区域差异的变化趋势。结果表明1990年代湖南省区域差异并不是绝对的扩大，居民收入、地方财政收入的差异变化为“缩小-扩大”的波动。居民收入的差异远远小于人均GDP的差异。湖南省区域差异远远小于广东、福建、江苏、山东等沿海发达省份。     

城市化进程中沈阳城市绿地土壤有机碳储量空间分布研究

城市绿地土壤是城市绿色生态系统重要组成部分，土壤有机碳是土壤质量关键因素。在沈阳三环区域内对城市绿地土壤(0~20cm)取样269份，分析了土壤的有机碳含量及其空间分布。研究结果表明，沈阳城市绿地SOC浓度与碳密度为24.82g/kg和3.98kg/m2，高于研究区周边的郊区和农村表层土壤；SOC浓度和碳密度具有较大的变异范围，CV值达到40%以上；SOC密度与离城市核心距离呈弱的负相关性；SOC密度在不同土地利用类型中表现差异显著，工业用地SOC密度最高，达到4.99kg/m2，居住用地最低，为2.91kg/m2；城市绿地SOC储量随土壤形成时间推移而不断累积，年代越早，SOC密度越高，20世纪80年代最高，达到5.47kg/m2，21世纪10年代最低，为3.18kg/m2。沈阳城市绿地SOC储存的空间分布有以下特点：城市绿地SOC相较于郊区和农村具有一定富集性；其分布不均匀，具有镶嵌性；在各土地利用类型中分布差异性大；碳储量由城市核心向城市边缘递减。沈阳三环内绿地SOC储量为6.438×105t，获得沈阳三环内城市SOC储量空间分布图。