中国上市公司高级管理人员股票期权激励有效提升公司价值的实证研究

以2007年至2009年间的公布股票期权激励方案的上市公司为总体样本,运用线性回归模型分析了管理层激励、公司股本结构、公司治理结构、公司规模、盈利能力、杠杠系数等因素对公司效率的影响。首先,估计结果未能证实管理层持股显著有利于公司效率。相对而言,股本结构、盈利能力、杠杠系数与公司价值之间存在更显著的联系。这表明现阶段我国上市公司的高管股票期权能力并没有发挥作用。公司必须完善相关的治理结构,而政府也应从法律法规和政策引导等方面推进股票期权正作用的发挥。     

上市公司过度投资影响因素及治理机制研究

投资作为财务决策的起点,影响着企业的经营风险、盈利水平以及资本市场对其经营业绩和发展前景的评价。而过度投资会导致大量的资金沉淀在生产能力过剩而盈利能力恶化的领域,资源和生产要素被浪费,从而降低企业价值,阻碍我国经济的发展。但目前学者们对中国上市公司过度投资行为的实证研究并不多见。文章基于国内外学者关于过度投资问题的文献研究,在此基础上探索上市公司对于过度投资有效控制的治理机制,从而提高上市公司投资效率,优化公司治理结构,提升企业价值。     

论机构投资者参与公司治理

在研究上市公司治理结构和经营绩效时,机构投资者的作用越来越受到重视。通过对上市公司2000-2002年数据的实证分析得出,境外机构投资者对企业的盈利水平有显著的正向影响,中国的证券市场应以引入QFII为契机,大力培育机构投资者,促进公司治理的优化和企业绩效的提高。     

上市公司融资结构优化策略研究

上市公司融资结构优化是金融财务学研究的核心内容，融资结构的优化对提升公司绩效和治理效率有重大影响。从行为、盈利能力、所有权结构等角度分析我国上市公司融资结构现状和影响融资结构的主要因素，并从融资体系、资本结构、治理原则、历史遗留问题等角度研究优化我国上市公司融资结构的策略，具有重要的现实价值。     

国有企业代理成本的影响因素研究

国有企业改革使得企业经营者的生产积极性得到了提升,但同时也出现了"内部人控制"问题,由此产生的代理成本侵蚀了企业的盈利能力。产权、竞争和公司治理三者都会影响国有企业的代理成本,而且它们之间还存在互动。对A股上市公司2000年~2006年面板数据的实证研究发现,与国有上市公司相比,民营上市公司的治理结构更完善,治理机制的效率更高,从而降低了民营上市公司的代理成本。除此之外,市场竞争程度加强也能够降低代理成本、提升代理效率,而且对于国有上市公司而言,竞争更加重要。     

论机构投资者参与公司治理

在研究上市公司治理结构和经营绩效时，机构投资者的作用越来越受到重视。通过对上市公司2000～2002年数据的实证分析得出，境外机构投资者对企业的盈利水平有显著的正向影响，中国的证券市场应以引入QFII为契机，大力培育机构投资者，促进公司治理的优化和企业绩效的提高。     

中国上市公司的治理状况

上市公司的总体治理状况打造企业长期竞争优势的关键是构建完善的治理结构与治理机制。我们对中国上市公司治理状况进行了详细调查,对2002年中国上市公司总体治理状况进行了评价与分析。结果显示,中国上市公司经过十余年的发展,在公司治理结构与治理机制建设取得了一定的成绩,但离规范的要求还有一段距离。我们对公司治理指数与公司绩效的关系的实证分析显示,良好的公司治理将使公司在未来具有较高的财务安全性,有利于公司盈利能力的提高,进而提高上市公司的股本扩张能力。观察数据显示样本公司治理指数平均值为49.62,各上市公司间公司治理…     

自愿性信息披露对财务治理效率的影响

本文以2000—2009年我国农业上市公司的175个样本为观测对象,建立了检验农业上市公司自愿性信息披露与财务治理效率之间关系的多元回归数学模型,通过相关分析和回归分析,考量了各个变量之间的相关性及模型回归参数的显著性。研究发现:在控制了股权集中度、资产负债率、审计委员会的设立、监事会会议次数、管理层持股、农业财税补贴、公司规模、成长性和盈利能力的条件下,农业上市公司中,积极进行自愿性信息披露的公司财务治理效率更高。     

关于优化我国上市公司治理结构问题的思考——基于股权结构视角

股权结构是公司治理结构的基础。我国推行股权分置改革旨在优化上市公司的股权结构,提高公司治理效率。股权分置改革后上市公司股权结构发生了变化,文章通过研究后股权改革时代上市公司治理存在的缺陷,分析股权结构与上市公司治理结构的关系,提出了优化股权结构,改善公司治理的途径与措施。     

上市公司资本结构与治理结构研究

资本结构的选择对于上市公司来说至关重要，因为它不仅影响上市公司的融资成本、上市公司的市场价值，而且它与上市公司的治理结构密切相关，不同的资本结构影响着上市公司的治理效率。因此，要从根本上解决我国上市公司治理结构中存在的问题必须从资本结构的改革人手，优化资本结构，从而改善公司的治理结构。     

Financial development and governance relationships

In any country, financial development has a huge influence on country’s economic developments. Financial development strengthens financial stability of countries and enhances deep and broad access to capital and financial services by improving efficiency of financial markets and effectiveness of financial intermediation. The purpose of this study is to identify the relationships between various aspects (pillars) of financial development and dimensions of governance for countries listed in the Financial Development Index of the World Economic Forum. The Index provides a score for the breadth, depth and efficiency of 62 of the world’s leading financial markets. The study utilized the data from the World Economic Forum presented in the financial development report (2012) and attempted to model the relationships between various pillars of financial development and dimensions of governance by structural equation modelling (SEM) methodology. The study used the Worldwide Governance Indicators for year 2012 of the World Bank as the measure of governance. According to the SEM results, there seems to be a significant positive relationship between governance and financial development. Thus, as governance is enhanced, we may expect financial development to strengthen as well.     

Risk management and dynamic network performance: an illustration using a dual banking system

This study applies dynamic network data envelopment analysis to compare a dual banking system, namely conventional and Islamic banks, with emphasis on risk measures. Non-oriented, variable return-to-scale dynamic network slacks-based measure is used to model the banking performance for the period 2008–2012. Under the consideration of risk measures, the findings highlight that Islamic banks excel in managerial efficiency while conventional banks surpass in profitability efficiency. Furthermore, the regression results find that the number of directors on the risk management committee has a positive impact on banking performance. Meanwhile, the high number of independent directors improves the profitability efficiency but worsens the managerial efficiency.     

Evaluating Mergers in the Australian Petroleum Industry

We study the effects of mergers in the Australian petroleum industry during 1980–1994. The effect on the profitability of both the merging and non–merging firms is estimated. There is robust evidence that mergers have been associated with a decrease in profitability for all firms. Thus, the results are not consistent with the view that mergers have acted primarily to increase market power or that they have acted primarily to increase efficiency. There is some support for the more complicated view that mergers have both increased market power and decreased efficiency, with the latter effect dominating.     

Do Low Wages Stimulate Investment? An analysis of the relationship between distribution and investment in Turkish private manufacturing industry

This study analyses the relative impact of profitability and demand on accumulation in Turkish private manufacturing industry on the basis of the theoretical framework outlined by Marglin & Bhaduri (1990). The main motivation behind this analysis is to shed light on the demand aspects of the slowdown in accumulation in the manufacturing industry despite the increase in profitability during the structural adjustment episode. For this purpose, the ratio of investment to value-added is estimated as a function of the profit share and an accelerator term, namely the growth rate of value-added, using panel data for the 26 industries of the private manufacturing sector. The results show that investment is not responsive to the profit share, whereas growth has a consistent positive impact. This result is significant in explaining the inability of pro-capital income policies to stimulate manufacturing investments throughout the export-promotion era. The export boom maintained by the use of the existing capacity rather than by new investments shows the limits of export demand to compensate for the fall in domestic consumption out of wages. The results make a strong case against the argument that profitability enhances accumulation. Evidence shows that it is not possible to enhance accumulation and long-term potential for growth simply based on promoting profitability, without paying attention to the demand aspects.     

The impact of privatization on firm performance in a transition economy

The Vietnamese privatization programme, launched in 1992, differs from the usual Western privatization programmes in terms of the residual percentage of shares owned by the state and the portion of shares owned by insiders. This begs the question whether these differences influence the effects of the programme on firm performance. This study measures the impact of privatization on firm performance in Vietnam by comparing the pre‐ and post‐privatization financial and operating performance of 121 former state‐owned enterprises (SOEs). We find significant increases in profitability, sales revenues, efficiency and employee income. Results of applying the ‘difference‐in‐difference’ (DID) method, wherein a control group of firms is used to pick up the influence of other determinants of firm performance, suggest that the performance improvements may indeed be associated with equitization. Regression analyses reveal that firm size, residual state ownership, corporate governance and stock market listing are key determinants of performance improvements.     

DO REGULATIONS AFFECT BANKING PERFORMANCE? GOVERNMENT GOVERNANCE MAY MATTER

The authors study the impact of restrictions on commercial banks' engagement in securities, insurance, and real estate, as well as a mix of banking and commerce. The model specifies the impact as a function of government governance (the rule of law), which allows the authors to investigate two conflicting hypothesis, i.e., the restriction-enhancing hypothesis and facility-supporting hypothesis. The former effect suggests that good governance enhances the hypothesized adverse effect of restrictions, and the latter suggests that good governance mitigates this adverse effect. The study clearly demonstrates that restrictions on commercial banks' right to engage in securities and insurance, along with restrictions on the mixing of banking and commerce, reduce bank profits. However, good governance mitigates such an adverse impact, i.e., the facility-supporting hypothesis is supported. Restrictions on real estate, on the other hand, seem to have positive effects on bank profits. The results are robust to different specifications. (JEL G21 , G28 )     

Banking reforms,performance and risk in China

We investigate the impact of the banking reform started from 2005 on ownership structures in China on commercial banks’ profitability, efficiency and risk over the period 2000–2012, providing comprehensive evidence on the impact of banking reform in China. We find that banks on average tend to have higher profitability, lower risk and lower efficiency after the reforms, and the results are robust with our difference-in-difference approach. Our results also show that the Big 5 state-owned banks (SOCB) underperform banks with other types of ownership when risk is measured by non-performing loans (NPLs) over the entire study period but tend to have fewer NPLs than other banks during the post-reform period. Our results provide some supporting evidence on the ongoing banking reforms in China, suggesting that attracting strategic foreign investors and listing SOCBs on stock exchanges appear to be effective ways to help SOCBs deal with the problem of NPLs and manage their risk.     

Regionalization, public spending and growth: a stylized model dealing with ‘predatory states’

In this paper, a micro-founded model analyzing the effects of ‘regionalization’ on economic activity is developed. It shows that the spatial division of public competencies can have an impact on the growth rate via the efficiency of governmental choices: initially advantageous for weak levels, decentralization (/reduction of regional size) becomes limited due to the risk of underestimation of the real profitability of public expenditure by local governments (non-internalized cross-border effects). In accordance with the theory, a transversal estimation for a sample of 51 countries for the 1990s establishes a ‘bell-shaped’ relation between indicators of regionalization and the quality of governance.     

Performance assessment for electronic manufacturing service providers using two-stage super-efficiency SBM model

Manufacturing Service providers (EMSs) offer services to Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs). However, increasing challenges require an EMS to be more capable, adaptable and responsive. For survival, an EMS manager has to understand its relative efficiency in the industry. In addition, an investor also requires such information for investments. In this research, we propose a novel approach, which combines GM(1,1) with a two-stage super-efficiency slacks-based measure (SBM) model, to forecast and assess the efficiencies of 18 EMSs. The GM(1,1) was first used to forecast future data of EMSs, and then the two-stage super-efficiency SBM model was used to measure the marketability and profitability efficiencies for an EMU in two stages. The results build a ‘past-current-future’ view on the two efficiencies for each EMS. In addition, the profitability efficiency can help justify the reasonability of marketability efficiency. Our results showed that Hon Hai tops the rankings in both profitability and marketability efficiencies. These results also provided information about relative efficiencies of these EMSs, which helps EMS managers and investors to make better decisions.