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1.
本文运用当期DEA和序列DEA两种方法测度了1960—2004年APEC17个国家和地区的技术效率、技术进步及曼奎斯特生产率指数,并且对APEC经济增长的趋同效应进行了实证检验。本文的主要结论是:20世纪80年代,东亚地区全要素生产率平均增长超过了APEC其他地区,但是全要素生产率对于劳动生产率增长的贡献仍然低于发达国家;在整个样本期存在显著的趋同,资本积累是趋同最重要的源泉,而技术进步则使经济增长发散;序列DEA避免了技术的退步,是一种比当期DEA测度技术进步更好的方法。  相似文献   

2.
本文引入Malmquist-Luenberger生产率指数,对比分析环境约束和无约束情形下的2001-2008年中国制造业28个细分行业生产率增长状况。进一步的,本文分别将行业全要素生产率指数、技术进步指数及技术效率指数作为生产率增长指标,选取资本深化、行业规模、科技投入、环境污染和行业属性作为解释变量,利用面板数据回归模型分析环境约束下生产率增长影响因素。研究发现,忽略环境约束会低估制造业技术效率水平及其指数,但会高估技术进步指数和全要素生产率指数;分析结果表明影响因素对生产率增长均有显著影响。  相似文献   

3.
传统的全要素生产率没有考虑非期望产出CO2排放增加的约束问题.笔者估算出中国1978年~2008年能源消费和CO2排放约束下的绿色全要素生产率,同时对索洛模型进行扩展,得到能源消费、C02排放和技术进步对经济增长的贡献作用及大小.结果表明,中国经济快速增长的源泉是高能耗和大量的资本投入,其代价是CO2的高排放;技术进步对经济增长的整体正向作用不大;CO2排放作为环境成本对经济增长的负向影响较为显著.  相似文献   

4.
本文运用曼奎斯特—卢恩伯格生产率指数,测度了2000-2007年东部工业在考虑SO2和不考虑SO2排放情况下的效率、生产率增长及其成份的增长率,并且估计出了环境管制给企业带来的成本。结果发现:上海和广东处于生产前沿;考虑SO2排放后,生产率增长率下降;天津的生产率增长、技术效率增长率和技术进步率都最高,北京环境污染管制的成本最高;FD I投入、国有企业比重、资本劳动比、废气治理投资和环境管制成本对生产率增长都有显著影响。  相似文献   

5.
运用非径向、非角度的SBM方向性距离函数和Malmquist-Luenberger指数估算我国30个省域2001—2018年的环境全要素生产率,在此基础上从时间和空间两个维度分析其演变特征。结果表明:中国环境全要素生产率主要受到技术效率的拉动并在样本期内以0.8%的速度增长,技术进步没有改善。西部地区环境全要素生产率一直落后于东部和中部地区,2012年之前,东部地区环境全要素生产率位居前列,2012年之后,东部和中部地区环境全要素生产率交替领先其他地区。省域间环境全要素生产率差距不断缩小,截至2018年已有29个省域环境全要素生产率处于较高水平。进一步分析其影响因素发现:产业结构对环境全要素生产率存在负向影响,外商直接投资、财政分权,以及研发投入对环境全要素生产率有着显著的促进作用。  相似文献   

6.
采用非参数马姆奎斯特(Malmquist)指数估算我国2000~2009年29个省、直辖市和自治区的全要素生产率(TFP),并分析了人均GDP、人口密度、教育水平、城镇化率对全要素生产率的影响。研究发现:在给定资源投入情况下,东部的生产率增加值大于中部、西部,同时污染排放还小于中部、西部;人均GDP与TFP呈倒U型曲线,即环境要素生产率与人均GDP之间存在环境库兹涅茨(EKC)曲线关系;教育水平与环境要素生产率正相关,城镇化率和人口密度与TFP负相关。  相似文献   

7.
文章基于中国、美国和日本等11个国家造纸产业的相关投入产出数据,利用数据包络分析法(DEA)对11国的造纸产业的生产效率水平进行了分析。根据环境规制的特征,通过应用Malmquist方法测算了环境规制之下中国以及其他10个国家2000-2008年的生产率及其成分,并与不考虑环境因素的传统全要素生产率进行对比研究。研究结果表明:考虑环境管制后11个国家的造纸工业平均全要素生产效率是下降的;具体每个国家而言,考虑环境管制后美国、奥地利和中国的全要素生产率比不考虑环境规制要高,而其他八个国家的全要素生产率则是下降。根据研究结论,文章认为促进中国造纸产业的发展主要从三方面着手:一是进一步促进中国造纸产业的工业规模化发展;二是加快造纸产业技术创新;三是提高企业的生产管理水平。  相似文献   

8.
《经济师》2015,(9)
针对传统全要素生产率测度方法没有考虑二氧化碳排放问题,提出了资源约束、环境规制下的全要素生产率指数。通过与传统全要素生产率比较,表明资源约束、环境规制下的全要素生产率指数与中国碳减排目标相吻合。经过进一步对资源约束、环境规制下的全要素生产率指数的分解,结果显示:技术进步是推动资源约束、环境规制下全要素生产率提高的主要因素。  相似文献   

9.
中国经济全要素生产率的环境敏感性分析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
与传统忽视污染排放的全要素生产率相比,考虑环境污染非合意产出的全要素生产率增长,不仅反映了合意产出(GDP)的增加,而且还反映了污染排放的减少,体现了增长的可持续性。本文分别测度了1989—2008年间中国30个省际地区的传统曼奎斯特以及考虑污染排放的曼奎斯特-伦伯格全要素生产率指数。测度结果表明,如果考虑非合意产出因素,传统忽视环境污染的中国经济全要素生产率增长被高估。  相似文献   

10.
王兵  肖海林 《经济前沿》2011,(5):100-114
本文运用Metafrontier-Malmquist-Luenberger生产率指数测度了环境约束下1998—2008年长三角和珠三角城市群的全要素生产率及其成分,并对影响城市全要素生产率、纯粹技术追赶和潜在技术相对变动的因素进行了实证研究。主要结论有:珠三角城市群1998—2008年的平均生产率增长高于长三角城市群,这主要是来自于技术进步的贡献;两个城市群的生产技术与潜在的生产技术边界差距在逐步扩大;长三角城市群的技术发展潜力在近些年呈现上升的势头,珠三角城市群的技术发展潜力则呈下降趋势。在城市层面上,技术水准较高的城市,纯粹技术追赶的水平也较高。最后,人均GRP、结构因素、FDI对共同边界下的城市生产率和群组边界下两个城市群各自的城市生产率变动有不同程度的影响。  相似文献   

11.
《Ecological Economics》2006,56(2):280-293
We examine conventional and environmentally sensitive total factor productivity (TFP) in 41 developed and developing countries over the period of 1971 to 1992. Due to the non-availability of reliable input and CO2 emissions price data, the study uses directional distance function to derive Malmquist–Luenberger (ML) productivity index. The index allows us to decompose the TFP into measures of technical and efficiency changes. DEA is used to compute the directional distance functions. We find that TFP index value is not different when we account for the CO2 emissions relative to the situation when they are freely disposable. But for the components of TFP change: technical and efficiency changes, the null hypothesis of whether the indexes are the same under two different scenarios cannot be accepted. Issues of catch-up and convergence, or in some cases possible divergence, in productivity are examined within a global framework. The paper also studies the impact of openness on conventional and environmentally sensitive measures of productivity.  相似文献   

12.
Existing studies have investigated the environmental dividends of substituting high-speed rail (HSR) for other energy-intensive vehicles from an engineering standpoint, but they have yet to explore the economic effects of HSR and the associated carbon emissions reduction benefits. To fill the research gap, we use panel data from 285 Chinese cities between 2004 and 2014, and employ a spatial difference-in-differences model to empirically examine the impact of HSR opening on industrial CO2 emissions. After controlling for spillover effects from neighboring HSR cities, our results show that cities offering HSR services significantly reduce their own industrial CO2 emissions. This finding is robust and is unaffected by outliers, control group selection, time trends, geography and expectation factors, or endogeneity. The mechanism test reveals that the structural transformation effect, technological innovation effect, and investment attractiveness effect are three intermediate influence channels. Further research finds that the emissions reduction benefit increases as the spatial and temporal intensities of HSR openings ascend the ladder, and HSR services have a spillover effect within a 300-kilometer radius. Moreover, the carbon benefit of China’s HSR far surpasses its carbon footprint, indicating that China’s HSR is green after accounting for economic emissions reductions that were often neglected in prior research. Based on these findings, we recommend that China accelerate HSR expansion in order to reduce carbon emissions in a scientific and responsible manner.  相似文献   

13.
We investigate the environmental impacts of Russia's World Trade Organization (WTO) accession with a computable general equilibrium model incorporating imperfectly competitive firms, foreign direct investment and endogenous productivity. WTO accession increases CO2 emissions through technique (?), composition (+) and scale (+) effects. We consider three complementary policies to limit CO2 emissions: cap and trade, emission intensity standards and energy efficiency standards. With imperfectly competitive firms, gains from WTO accession result with any of these policies. If we assume perfectly competitive market structures, the negative environmental impacts of WTO accession are smaller and no net gains arise when environmental regulation involves energy intensity or efficiency standards.  相似文献   

14.
In this paper we test an adapted EKC hypothesis to verify the relationship between ‘environmental efficiency’ (namely emissions per unit of value added) and labour productivity (value added per employee). We exploit NAMEA data on Italy for 29 sector branches and 6 categories of air emissions for the period 1991-2001. We employ data on capital stock and trade openness to test the robustness of our results.On the basis of the theoretical and empirical analyses focusing on innovation, firm performances and environmental externalities, we would expect a positive correlation between environmental efficiency and labour productivity — a negative correlation between the emissions intensity of value added and labour productivity — which departs from the conventional mainstream view. The hypothesis tested is a critical one within the longstanding debate on the potential trade-off or complementarity between environmental preservation and economic performance, which is strictly associated with the role of technological innovation. We find that for most air emission categories there is a positive relationship between labour productivity and environmental efficiency. Labour productivity dynamics, then, seem to be complementary to a decreasing emissions intensity in the production process. Taking a disaggregate sector perspective, we show that the macro-aggregate evidence is driven by sector dynamics in a non-homogenous way across pollutants. Services tend always to show a ‘complementary’ relationship, while industry seems to be associated with inverted U-shape dynamics for greenhouse gases and nitrogen oxides. This is in line with our expectations. In any case, EKC shapes appear to drive such productivity links towards complementarity. The extent to which this evidence derives from endogenous market forces, industrial and structural change, and policy effects is discussed by taking an evolutionary perspective to innovation and by referring to impure public goods arguments.  相似文献   

15.
This article examines total factor productivity (TFP) convergence across the regions of Kazakhstan over the period of 1997–2013. Using a growth accounting methodology we found that the average level of TFP fell by almost 40% over the period under consideration. Several panel unit root tests confirm that the whole set of Kazakh regions and the group of non-oil regions converged in terms of TFP, while the group of oil-rich regions diverged. This result explains sigma-divergence of the GRP per capita across the regions of Kazakhstan by divergence in capital intensity.  相似文献   

16.
The paper analyses the effects of urbanization and localisation economies on manufacturing firms’ productivity across urban landscapes in post-transition South-East European (SEE) countries. Fixed-effects panel data estimations on a large sample of firms show that the factors accounting for productivity advantages of manufacturing firms in urban post-transition SEE are related to the firms and to the environment in which these firms operate. Firms located in diversified cities benefit from a productivity premium generated in this type of agglomeration, while no evidence was found that the relative specialization across industries has any effect on firm productivity levels.  相似文献   

17.
This paper investigates the role of broad capital in explaining Anglo-German labour productivity differences in manufacturing, where broad capital includes physical capital, workforce skills and R&D expenditure. All three forms of capital are found to have a significant impact on relative productivity but only workforce skills have a coefficient greater than that implied by standard ‘growth accounting’ methods. This is interpreted as supporting the idea that there are some external effects from human capital formation which raise the productivity of all workers in an industry. After allowing for broad capital the results suggest that Britain had a multifactor productivity advantage over Germany in the late 1980s.  相似文献   

18.
碳足迹的概念和核算方法研究进展   总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7  
碳足迹提供了分析人类活动对气候变化影响的新视角.从概念和核算方法两个方面对有关碳足迹的研究进行了分析:(1)概念上,碳足迹目前无统一的定义.在分析度量单位、温室气体种类及系统边界的基础上,文章提出了碳足迹的建议定义.(2)方法上,碳足迹目前无统一的核算方法.投入产出分析、生命周期评价及混合生命周期评价是三种主要的核算方法.文章对这三种方法的原理、适用范围、优缺点及应用情况进行了分析.最后,从方法、应用和不确定性三个方面对碳足迹研究作了展望.  相似文献   

19.
An empirical model determining the relationship between changes in firm-level productivity and changes in firm value is estimated using an unbalanced panel of 706 public limited companies observed over the period 1996–2002. We find a positive relationship between efficiency and the market value of manufacturing sector firms controlling for traditional accounting measures of performance such as earnings per share and the return on capital employed. This evidence is consistent with the stock market valuing the adoption of better management practices that lead to better resource utilisation. By contrast, we find no such evidence for service sector firms.  相似文献   

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