乡村振兴背景下四川特色农产品网络营销模式创新研究

农产品市场竞争异常激烈,农业发展面临着供给侧结构性改革的重任。落实供给侧结构改革,必须调整农业产业结构,同时,抓好特色农业的发展,走出一条充分利用资源禀赋、满足市场需求的新型发展道路。四川农业素有精耕细作的传统,近年互联网经济的飞速发展,结合乡村振兴战略及精准扶贫项目的实施,对四川省特色农产品网络营销影响因子、权重及其模式进行研究,实现区域经济的增长。     

西部资源富集型贫困县城乡一体化研究——基于云南省怒江州兰坪县调研

中国西部分布着大量资源富集、极具发展潜力的贫困县,城乡二元结构的突破是这些地区实现跨越发展的关键。兰坪是一个矿业经济发达,高山特色农业资源也特别丰富,具有农业产业培植基础的县。这些地区的城乡一体化建设,首先要建立工业反哺农业的机制,拉动城乡一体化发展;其次,充分挖掘高原特色农业潜力,推动农村发展;第三,培育旅游产业。     

试论我国市场化进程中的农业产业组织体系创新

提高小农家庭市场效率的主要途径是构建符合市场需求的农业产业组织体系,将分散的小农纳入到社会化、组织化、市场化生产之中。我国资源禀赋状况和农村社会经济发展水平决定了现阶段农户家庭是我国农业生产的核心,市场主导型合作经济组织和企业主导型一体化经济组织是农户与市场联系的纽带,各种合作经济组织是农业产业组织的主体,政府主导型公共服务部门是农业产业组织体系的重要组成部分。     

湘鄂渝黔边区农业资源开发利用的循环经济模式研究

探讨了湘鄂渝黔边区发展循环农业经济模式的重要意义，在了解湘鄂渝黔边区农业资源开发利用的资源禀赋及其问题分析的基础上，构建了湘鄂渝黔边区农业资源开发利用的循环经济模式，即“生态家园”模式、立体种养循环模式、有机农业开发生态模式、农林牧渔结合型循环生态模式及生态农业科技示范园区模式；并在合理规划、构建循环农业经济技术体系、加大宣传教育等方面提出了对策建议。     

农业结构调整的出路在于产业化

近年来,江苏盐都县以推进农业产业化为重点,大力调整农业产业结构,积极寻找农业产业调整的根本出路,取得了良好的经济和社会效益。一、农业结构调整已取得初步成效 1、农业经济特色已经形成,经济结构趋于合理。一是农业经济结构发生明显变化。在农业经济构成中,种     

农业产业集群发展模式及动力机制分析

湖北省农业产业集群尚处于以农业资源为主导的孕育阶段, 存在集群规模偏小、区域影响力有限、产业结构趋同、农产品加工转化能力弱等诸多问题。从湖北省农业资源禀赋及产业集群发展模式出发,构建湖北省农业产业集群发展动力机制模型,并就其持续发展的动力机制进行深刻分析,提出加强湖北省农业产业集群发展的政策建议。     

农业产业集群对农业结构调整的作用及启示——基于寿光蔬菜产业集群的分析

农业结构调整是我国农村经济发展的战略选择.以寿光蔬菜产业集群作为案例分析了农业产业集群的构成及其对农业区域结构、粮经比例、农业技术结构以及农产品质量结构和品种结构调整的作用.分析发现农业产业集群对农业结构调整的作用是显著的,这为各地政府调整农业结构提供了借鉴.     

扶贫攻坚背景下连片特困地区农业协同发展路径——以武陵山片区为例

农业是连片特困地区农民脱贫致富的重要途径,也是区域发展与扶贫攻坚的基础和保障。连片特困地区具备发展农业的优势和条件,但"行政区行政"和"切变"效应导致了基础设施、市场与农业组织"碎片化",农业产业过度竞争、结构趋同和规模不经济。跨行政区协同合作是破解连片特困地区农业发展瓶颈的有效路径,利用协同思维,加强各行政区合作,协同构建跨域农业公共服务体系、建立跨域农业组织,跨域布局区域特色农业产业基地、打造农业地域品牌,促进资源合理利用,以实现区域发展和扶贫攻坚目标。为此,政府应给与连片特困地区政策支持,制定法律法规,促进农业产业跨域一体化建设;建立农业发展规划与协调委员会,搭建农业产业统筹协调发展平台;引领多元化投入机制构建,发挥资金的协同效应。     

立足区域优势推进农业产业结构调整——大庆市发展特色农业见成效

本文阐述了合理调整农业布局、充分发挥区域优势是推进农业产业结构调整的重要途径,并从大庆市实际情况出发分析了立足区域优势,发展特色农业的成效.并进一步提出通过发挥区域资源优势、发展特色产业调整农业结构的重点.     

发展草地农业是农牧交错带农业结构调整的出路

农牧交错带的农业产业结构调整在生态环境不断恶化、农民收入增长乏力的状况下势在必行。本文分析了农牧交错带生态经济的现状,明确了生态经济理论应作为农业产业结构调整的主要理论依据,并指出实行人工种草、舍饲养殖,发展草地农业、畜牧业是农牧交错带农业结构调整的出路。最后,提出了结构调整的关键措施。     

Pleasure and belief in Hume's Decision Process

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to introduce explicitly pleasure and belief in what aims at being a Humean theory of decision, like the one developed in Diaye and Lapidus (2005a). Although we support the idea that Hume was in some way a hedonist – evidently different from Bentham's or Jevons' way – we lay emphasis less on continuity than on the specific kind of hedonism encountered in Hume's writings (chiefly the Treatise, the second Enquiry, the Dissertation, or some of his Essays). Such hedonism clearly contrasts to its standard modern inheritance, expressed by the relation between preferences and utility.

The reason for such a difference with the usual approach lies in the mental process that Hume puts to the fore in order to explain the way pleasure determines desires and volition. Whereas pleasure is primarily, in Hume's words, an impression of sensation, it takes place in the birth of passions as reflecting an idea of pleasure, whose “force and vivacity” is precisely a “belief”, transferred to the direct passions of desire or volition that come immediately before action. As a result, from a Humean point of view, “belief” deals with decision under risk or uncertainty, as well as with intertemporal decision and indiscrimination problems.

The latter are explored within a formal framework, and it is shown that the relation of pleasure is transformed by belief into a non-empty class of relations of desire, among which at least one is a preorder.     

Globalization,Neoliberalism and the attack on social security

Neoliberal political movements advocate privatization of public pension systems. Globalization imposes pressure on nations to conform to neoliberal policy views with respect to the design and structure of social insurance, including public pension systems. The paper begins with an investigation of the economic, ethical and ideological dimensions of the privatization debates in the U.S.; it argues that privatization advocates may be largely moved by ideology, since the other reasons advanced appear weak or unfounded. The second part discusses the history of Social Security, the purposes for its creation, and some of its economic effects. Differences between public and private pension systems are considered. A brief international comparison of some aspects of public pension system finance and benefit structures is presented. The final section considers the ethical, macroeconomic and distributional implications of privatization, prefunding and payroll tax funding, and argues for a pay as you go system financed with income taxes. In order to promote equity, economic security, community, and social cohesion, public pension systems should be universal in coverage. In order to reduce the inequality, income insecurity, and aged poverty generated by market economies, public pension systems ought to be progressive: benefit/contribution ratios should be inversely proportional to income, and progressive income taxes should finance the system. To promote economic growth, the systems should be financed on a pay-as-you-go basis, and should not be prefunded except for an emergency reserve. The fiscal policy recommendations partially depend upon the theory developed by Abba Lerner in the 1940s, and recently advanced by Wynne Godley and Randy Wray: Lerner's “principle of functional finance.”     

Interest on reserves and inflation

The payment of interest on reserves has been a common practice in inflationary economies. This policy may seem paradoxical since it involves returning part of the seigniorage, generated by the inflation process, with the intention to finance the fiscal deficit. This paper argues that the motivation for this policy can be captured by the discretionary regime, where the policymaker pays interest on reserves because he is concerned with the erosion of real liquidity by inflation, which is in part beyond his control. However, this policy is an unlikely outcome in the commitment regime, where the policymaker is in full control of inflation.     

Bayesian estimation of duration models: An application of the multiperiod probit model

The multiperiod probit model is presented and Bayesian estimation using the Gibbs sampler with data augmentation is described. As an empirical illustration, the multiperiod probit model is then used to estimate a duration model using employment duration data for the Canadian province of New Brunswick. Bayesian estimation with unobserved heterogeneity is shown to be a simple extension of estimation of a duration model with no unobserved heterogeneity. More importantly, perhaps, some numerical problems encountered by other authors using Maximum Likelihood are avoided.I would like to thank M. Baker, G. Koop, A. Melino and D. Poirier for helpful comments and discussions. I would also like to thank M. Baker for providing his data.     

Scenarios and creativity: Thinking in new boxes

To be creative and make change happen, leaders must do more than simply ‘think outside the box’, as the traditional business manuals suggest, using the popular American expression. After all, the space outside the box is infinitely expansive. Moreover, there can be no guarantee that a solution to the problem will be found. The answer: ‘Think in new boxes.’ This requires developing the right new box; in other words, useful new models, a helpful new approach to a problem. That is the real art of practical creativity. This short article outlines the approach (Thinking in New Boxes) and its application to classic scenario planning with a few examples. The authors also present the ‘Expressway to Scenarios’, an approach that wins in impact and practicality what it loses in deep analysis, by having top executives involved in key steps.     

Forecasting the price of gold

This article seeks to evaluate the appropriateness of a variety of existing forecasting techniques (17 methods) at providing accurate and statistically significant forecasts for gold price. We report the results from the nine most competitive techniques. Special consideration is given to the ability of these techniques to provide forecasts which outperforms the random walk (RW) as we noticed that certain multivariate models (which included prices of silver, platinum, palladium and rhodium, besides gold) were also unable to outperform the RW in this case. Interestingly, the results show that none of the forecasting techniques are able to outperform the RW at horizons of 1 and 9 steps ahead, and on average, the exponential smoothing model is seen providing the best forecasts in terms of the lowest root mean squared error over the 24-month forecasting horizons. Moreover, we find that the univariate models used in this article are able to outperform the Bayesian autoregression and Bayesian vector autoregressive models, with exponential smoothing reporting statistically significant results in comparison with the former models, and classical autoregressive and the vector autoregressive models in most cases.     

How chaebol restructuring after the 1997 crisis has affected corporate decision and performance in Korea: debt financing,ownership structure,and investment

ABSTRACT

Korean chaebol firms, characterized by excessive debt financing and overinvestment, experienced restructuring after the 1997 crisis. By reducing debt financing and thus overinvestment, they tried to reorganize financing structure and ownership structure. Chaebols’ debt reduction turns out to have improved performance. However, polarization between chaebol and non-chaebol firms has become more significant. Even after the crisis, firms that give higher cash flows to a controlling shareholder take more capital investment, indicating that agency problems still exist within chaebols. Chaebol-affiliated firms continue to be more active in R&D than non-chaebol firms. However, the pattern is limited to the group of top 10 chaebols after the crisis.

Abbreviations: KFTC: Korea Fair Trade Commission     

On the Role of Paradigms in Understanding Economic Globalization

Any adequate analysis of economic globalization necessarily requires fundamental understanding of the worldviews underlying the views expressed with respect to the nature and role of economic globalization. This paper is based on the premise that any worldview can be associated with one of the four basic paradigms: functionalist, interpretive, radical humanist, and radical structuralist. It argues that any view expressed with respect to economic globalization is based on one of the four paradigms or worldviews. It, therefore, discusses four views with respect to the nature and role of economic globalization which correspond to the four broad worldviews. The paper emphasizes that the four views expressed are equally scientific and informative; they look at the nature and role of economic globalization from a certain paradigmatic viewpoint. Emphasizing this example in the area of economic globalization, the paper concludes that there are opportunities for each paradigm to benefit from contributions coming from the other three paradigms.     

A Humean theory of choice of which rationality may be one consequence

For the reader who considers economic theory of choice as a special case of a more general theory of action, Hume's discussion of the determinants of action in the Treatise of Human Nature (1739?–?40), in the Enquiry on Human Understanding (1748) and in the Dissertation on Passions (1757) deserves attention. However, according to some modern commentators, Hume does not seem to have given any evidence that would favour what nowadays we would consider as the kind of rationality involved in modern theories of rational choice. On the contrary, this paper arrives at the conclusion that consistency between preferences and choice, like the usual properties of completeness and transitivity, may be considered as outcomes of a mental process, described by means of a decision algorithm that aims to represent Hume's theory of choice.     

The concept of freedom and its relation to economic development--a critical appreciation of the work of Amartya Sen

Following a brief review of the conception of freedom as employedin economic discourse, this paper focuses on the evolution ofthe concept of freedom in the work of Amartya Sen. It tracesthe development of Sen's thought from the capability analysisof the late 1970s to his more recent separation of freedom intoits opportunity and process aspects. While broadly appreciativeof Sen's development of the concept of positive freedom, thepaper identifies some difficulties arising from his definitionof capability as a set of options as well as from his separationof the opportunity and process aspects of freedom. Aspects ofthe relationship between Sen's conception of freedom and thatof Marx are discussed briefly in the context of Sen's recentdiscussion of the market as a source of freedom.