Inflation and Deflation

Ｔｈｅｔｅｒｍｉｎｆｌａｔｉｏｎｓｉｇｎｉｆｉｅｓａｄｅ ｃｌｉｎｅｉｎｔｈｅｖａｌｕｅｏｆｍｏｎｅｙ，ｗｈｉｃｈｉｍ ｐｌｉｅｓａｇｅｎｅｒａｌｉｎｃｒｅａｓｅｉｎｔｈｅｐｒｉｃｅｓｏｆｃｏｍｍｏｄｉｔｉｅｓａｎｄｓｅｒｖｉｃｅｓ．Ｄｅｆｌａｔｉｏｎｍｅａｎｓｔｈｅｏｐｐｏｓｉｔｅ -ｇｅｎｅｒａｌｌｙ ｆａｌｌｉｎｇｐｒｉｃｅｓ，ｕｓｕａｌｌｙａｃｃｏｍｐａｎｉｅｄｂｙｌｏｗｅｒｐｒｏｆｉｔｓａｎｄｆｅｗｅｒｊｏｂｓ．Ｔｉｍｅｓｏｆｍｉｌｄｉｎｆｌａｔｉｏｎａｒｅｕｓｕａｌｌｙｃｈａｒａｃｔｅｒ…     

Contradictions between Human Being and Nature and the Solutions

人类社会的发展是人类通过自身或外界的力量对自然进行改造利用的动态过程。这种改造利用在改善人类生存环境、促进人类文明发展的同时，也带来了一些矛盾。随着科学技术的进步和社会生产力的发展，人类改造自然的力量不断增强，随之而来的矛盾也日益凸显，并越来越威胁着人类自身的生存。为了实现人类文明的可持续性，必须采取切实有效的行动，在最无愧于和最适合于自然的条件下改造和利用自然，使人与自然和谐相处、协调发展。     

Definitions and progress of ecosystem health and ecological security

1. Introduction Development of human industrial civilization and predatory exploitation of natural resources have in- duced tremendous changes of ecological environment. In recent years, territorial and global environmental problems have increased, such as greenhouse effect, depletion of ozone, global warming, water scarcity, water pollution, acid rain, decrease of biodiversity, soil erosion desertification etc. These changes seriously intimidate the health and security of ecosystems, and dist…     

Thoughts and Countermeasures of Agricultural Revolution in Science and Technology

As science and technology is the first productivity, this paper, through investigation of agricultural revolution in science and technology, proposes the countermeasures to the agricultural revolution in science and technology. The author hopes it can promote the realization of rural prosperity, peasant＇s richness and agricultural development in some degree.     

Emissions Trading Mode in America and China and Its Future

The emissions trading is a kind of sustainable development measures that is based on market mechanism, and its growing is closely connected with the market development level. The level of American emissions permits market is relatively high, and also predicts the prospect of professional bourse pattern. Most of emissions permits transactions in China are organized by government environment authority, which make it lack of market function. Emissions permits is a kind of property rights. It is important and profitable, while the emissions trading market obviously possesses the two-class of original allocation and second-time transfer. But there are some decisive differences between emissions permits and ordinary transaction object, so the specialized bourse for emissions trading should be built.     

Sraffa’s Constructive and Interpretive Work,and Marx

ABSTRACT

This article provides a summary account of Piero Sraffa’s constructive and interpretive work on the classical approach to the theory of value and distribution and its relationship with Marx’s contributions. It is shown that in the early phase of his constructive work Sraffa developed his equation systems by adopting a ‘physical real cost’ approach and a strictly objectivist point of view, and completely eschewed Marx’s labour-based approach and the related Marxian concepts. Only at a later stage did he explore systematically the relationship between his own modern re-formulation of the surplus approach to the theory of value and distribution and Marx’s contribution. He considered Marx’s most important analytical contribution to the further development of the surplus approach to consist of the re-integration of circular production relations, which allowed him to see the existence of a maximum rate of profits and its role in an analysis of accumulation and technical change.     

Monetary policy and macroprudential policy: Different and separate?

The paper discusses how monetary and macroprudential policies can be distinguished, how appropriate goals for the two policies can be determined, whether the policies are best conducted separately or coordinately and by the same or different authorities and how they can be coordinated when desired. The institutional frameworks in Canada, Sweden and the UK are briefly compared. The Swedish example of monetary policy strongly “leaning against the wind” and the subsequent policy turnaround is summarized, as well as what estimates have been found of the costs and benefits of leaning against the wind.     

Inequality and happiness: are Europeans and Americans different?

We study the effect of the level of inequality in society on individual well-being using a total of 123,668 answers to a survey question about “happiness”. We find that individuals have a lower tendency to report themselves happy when inequality is high, even after controlling for individual income, a large set of personal characteristics, and year and country (or, in the case of the US, state) dummies. The effect, however, is more precisely defined statistically in Europe than in the US. In addition, we find striking differences across groups. In Europe, the poor and those on the left of the political spectrum are unhappy about inequality; whereas in the US the happiness of the poor and of those on the left is uncorrelated with inequality. Interestingly, in the US, the rich are bothered by inequality. Comparing across continents, we find that left-wingers in Europe are more hurt by inequality than left-wingers in the US. And the poor in Europe are more concerned with inequality than the poor in America, an effect that is large in terms of size but is only significant at the 10% level. We argue that these findings are consistent with the perception (not necessarily the reality) that Americans have been living in a mobile society, where individual effort can move people up and down the income ladder, while Europeans believe that they live in less mobile societies.     

Living, learning and relaxing in a safe and beautiful bay

Everyone living or working in Torbay is entitled to a good quality of life . All the partnerships and organi- zations have committed themselves to work together to improve Torbay. This is Torbay' s community plan for the coming three years .It has been developed and prepared by us , the Torbay Strategic Partnership, on behalf of the people living and working in Torbay. We consulted the people of Torbay when we were preparing it . SAFETY In recent years , Torbay has achieved some of the …     

Immigration and economic growth: do origin and destination matter?

This article assesses the heterogeneous effects of immigration on economic growth depending on both the origin and the destination countries. Following the development of a growth model augmented by human capital of immigrants, we estimate it in a dynamic panel setup using the system-GMM estimator. We find that the growth-enhancing effect of immigration is significantly larger when immigration flows from developed to developing economies than when it does to those that include both developed and developing economies. We interpret these results as evidence of immigrants from developed countries bringing with them their advanced knowledge into the developing countries.     

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Capability Innovation and Competitiveness

A firm can be thought as the combination of a series of capabilities. Some key capabilities owned by a firm are untradable, unimitable and unsubstitutable. These capabilities are considered to be the core capabilities. The core capabilities determine the firm＇s comparable competitive advantages. The continuous capability inrtovation can further strengthen the firm＇s competitiveness. Resources are the foundation of the capabilities. The foundation of capability innovation depends on the investment and restructuring of resources. The core products are the carders to the firm＇s core capabilities and other capabilities to satisfy the market＇s needs. The core products are the core components of the end products. The market share of the core products is more important to a firm.     

Agglomeration economies and clustering – evidence from German and European firms

This article empirically analyses the impact of agglomeration economies on the clustering of German and European firms using partial proportional-odds models. Firms are grouped according to industry and divided into departments. At the industry level, I find evidence for inter-industry economies derived from the New Economic Geography (NEG) framework for European firms in general and German knowledge-intensive firms in particular. At the department level, Marshallian Externalities such as the hiring of skilled labour and technological spillover, and therefore intra-industry economies, are empirically confirmed for European and German departments like Human Resources and R&D but rarely for others.     

Rejuvenating Northeastern Area and Reforming the System of Investing and Financing

The system of investing and financing in northeastern area has the character of planned economy. Project conducting is our main strategy in any large-scale area rejuvenating plan, which has been proved lack of sustainable development. This paper proposes some suggestion to reform the system of investing and financing.     

Exogenous and Endogenous Attention and the Convergence of Analysts’ Forecasts

The propensity of the forecasts of sell-side financial analysts to converge (or diverge) is a function of their exogenous and endogenous selective attention and overconfidence. When returns are negative, the endogenous form of selective attention—a static measure of analysts’ goal-driven attention at a particular point in time—has a positive association with convergence. The exogenous form of selective attention—a relatively involuntary dynamic process of exogenous attentional shift driven by external changes in the market over time—is associated with a tendency for forecasts to diverge.     

Investment and saving in Angola and the Feldstein–Horioka puzzle

This article analyses the relationship between investment and savings for Angola using the Feldstein–Horioka puzzle, with monthly data from January 2000 to December 2013. Integer and fractional integration and cointegration techniques are employed to investigate the relationship between investment and savings. Several regression specifications are employed, concluding that the Feldstein–Horioka puzzle is not validated for the Angolan economy. Policy implications are derived.     

Descentralization and Citizens Participation

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