社会保险缴费征管与企业人力资本结构升级

本文以2011年实施的《社会保险法》为准自然实验，构建双重差分模型考察了社会保险缴费征管对企业人力资本结构升级的影响。研究结果显示，《社会保险法》实施推动企业在实现劳动力总成本下降的同时通过调整用工策略实现了人力资本结构升级。其核心逻辑在于，《社会保险法》实施导致劳动与资本相对要素价格变化，引致以固定资产投资和研发创新投入为代表的资本投资增加，进而通过对高技能劳动力的互补效应和对低技能劳动力的替代效应提升了企业的人力资本结构水平，且这一机制过程会受到企业现金流约束的限制。进一步地，异质性检验结果发现，这一作用效果在社会保险负担较轻地区以及公司治理水平较高的企业中更为明显。最后，拓展性分析发现，规范社会保险缴费征管对企业全要素生产率和企业增加值存在动态的正向影响，有助于企业的长期发展。本文的结论为新时期加强法制建设下的企业高质量发展提供了理论基础和经验支持。     

能源异质性及其与资本替代的非对称效应研究

以超越对数成本函数及弹性分析模型为基础,对1995~2013年中国制造业分行业典型能源消费与资本的替代弹性和替代特征进行分析,发现煤炭、电力、石油与资本之间的替代强度及方向存在显著差异。并运用MES弹性模型分析表明,受控于要素价格变化触发的来源不同,制造业整体表现出资本替代能源、能源互补资本的反向非对称特征,在资本密集型行业与劳动密集型行业中替代的方向与大小亦存在显著的非对称性。这种替代非对称效应表明,中国现阶段实现制造业整体节能及推动节能技术使用的路径适用性上,可以考虑借力于资本替代能源的视角。但是,在综合各类能源研究工业能源政策时,必须充分考虑行业能源消费类型不同及与资本替代的异质性差异和非对称效应的存在,才能使得产业能源政策制定具有针对性和有效性。     

基于社会资本理论的农村信息化发展研究

农村信息化存在着农户获益较少、沟通不足、信息内容少、经济回报低等深层次问题。从社会资本理论视角的研究发现,农村社会资本能促进农村信息化建设,改善农村信息化的薄弱环节。农村信息化通过为农户扩展交往范围、建立沟通渠道,增强了农村社区的凝聚力,促进了农村社会资本的积累。农村信息化与农村社会资本互为条件,相互促进。在农村信息化发展过程中,要注重农村社会资本的积累。     

知识资本对工业企业全要素生产率影响的实证分析

本文就知识资本对工业企业全要素生产率、技术进步和效率变化的影响进行研究。运用全要素生产率模型和1997—2010年中国大中型工业企业面板数据,对不同区域知识资本的创新效应进行回归分析。研究结果表明:大中型工业企业知识资本投入结构已经发生明显变化,技术开发和技术改造投入与企业全要素生产率具有显著正相关性,国内外技术引进和消化吸收对企业创新的作用减弱。结果还发现:东中西三大区域工业企业知识资本投入对全要素生产率影响存在明显差异,不同技术水平的企业知识资本的创新产出效应也存在明显差异。本文建议应根据区域和企业技术水平差异,实施差别化的创新驱动战略和政策,以更好地提高全要素生产率和创新效率。     

资本-劳动替代弹性与地区经济增长-德拉格兰德维尔假说的检验

德拉格兰德维尔假说认为,资本-劳动替代弹性的提高能够推动经济增长。本文从理论上阐述了替代弹性对经济增长的作用机制,并采用标准化供给面系统方法估算1978—2008年各省区的替代弹性和有偏技术进步。研究发现,除辽宁和河北外的东部省区及内蒙古的资本与劳动之间是替代关系,多数中西部省区的资本和劳动之间则存在互补关系。同时,多数省区的技术进步是资本偏向型。基于两阶段最小二乘法(2SLS)和广义矩估计法(GMM)的回归结果显示,我国地区经济增长支持德拉格兰德维尔假说。     

资本-劳动替代弹性与地区经济增长-德拉格兰德维尔假说的检验

德拉格兰德维尔假说认为,资本一劳动替代弹性的提高能够推动经济增长。本文从理论上阐述了替代弹性对经济增长的作用机制,并采用标准化供给面系统方法估算1978—2008年各省区的替代弹性和有偏技术进步。研究发现,除辽宁和河北外的东部省区及内蒙古的资本与劳动之间是替代关系,多数中西部省区的资本和劳动之间则存在互补关系。同时,多数省区的技术进步是资本偏向型。基于两阶段最小二乘法(2SLS)和广义矩估计法(GMM)的回归结果显示,我国地区经济增长支持德拉格兰德维尔假说。     

产业升级与技能溢价

发达国家和发展中国家都曾出现过技能溢价上升的现象.文章从WIOD Socio-Economic Accounts(SEA)(1995-2009)数据库的中国数据发现,中国在1995-2009年间出现过技能溢价上升的现象.从产业升级的视角,描述禀赋、产业升级与技能溢价的关系.产业结构及其变迁是由禀赋结构与其变化内生决定的.在多个产业部门同时存在、不同部门的资本技术比不同且随时间推移而变化,要素在行业间不完全流动,生产技术结构与整个制造业禀赋结构更为接近的行业中的企业在开放竞争的条件下,资本积累和产业升级的速度更快,在资本技术互补的假设下,增加了对高技术劳动的需求,技能溢价上升.     

企业财务管理信息化建设分析

积极推进企业财务管理信息化建设,不但是探索企业资金集中统一管理的有效途径,也是当前加强企业管理、 强化企业改革、 规范建立现代企业制度过程中的一项重要工作,特别是随着国有企业改革的深化和我国加入世贸组织,积极推进财务管理信息化建设,不仅有助于加强企业内部财务管理与资金监控,从而提高资金使用效率和实现风险控制,而且对于增强我国企业的核心竞争力,积极参与国际竞争有着十分重要的现实意义和深远的战略意义.企业中的财务管理信息化建设显得尤为重要,积极促进企业财务管理信息化建设,有利于企业资本控制和统一管理,在一定程度上,提高了资本的使用效率、 有效的降低了资本风险,可见,实现企业财务管理信息化建设具有重要的战略意义.本文分析了我国企业财务管理信息化建设中存在的问题,提出了加快企业财务管理信息化建设的对策.     

人工智能的三种效应：理论分析

人工智能不同于以往的技术变革,能同时增强资本和劳动者生产效率,并对传统行业存在较强的溢出效应。本文以人工智能的三种效应为基础,建立两部门理论模型,发现如果人工智能是资本偏向型技术,将有利于人工智能部门转型升级;如果人工智能是劳动偏向型技术,其溢出效应有助于关联企业转型升级。具体结论如下：（1）如果资本和劳动是相互替代的,当人工智能技术对资本的增强效应大于劳动力,则资本的产出弹性将上升,劳动的产出弹性将下降,反之,资本与劳动互补时结论相反;（2）当两部门产品同质时,如果人工智能部门的资本产出弹性大于传统物质生产部门,则随着资本存量和劳动力供给的增加,资本和劳动力将由传统物质生产部门流向人工智能部门;（3）如果两部门产品相互替代,如果两部门中人工智能技术对资本的增强效应大于劳动力,则随着人工智能技术的提高,分配给人工智能部门的资本比例上升,劳动比例下降,;反之,如果两部门产品互补,则结论相反;（4）如果资本与劳动力的替代弹性为1,当两部门产品相互替代时,如果人工智能技术对人工智能部门资本和劳动力的增强效应之和,大于对传统物质生产部门资本和劳动力的溢出效应之和,则资本收入份额上升,劳动收入份额下降,反之,如果两部门产品互补时,则结论相反。     

社会资本结构演变与我国家族企业发展演化

社会资本与家族企业成长的研究目前存在三个视角:功能视角、治理视角、要素视角。但目前已有的研究缺乏对社会资本结构类型的研究,更欠缺企业成长演化中的社会资本结构变化及其与企业演化关系的研究。通过对不同类型的社会资本在家族企业演化中结构变动的研究,发现家族企业欲实现健康发展,成为有前途的大企业就必须把握成长企业的社会资本结构演变规律,通过企业内外的社会资本结构的动态治理,避免企业演化中的退化陷阱,实现在企业成长各个阶段的成功着陆。     

The dynamic impact of intellectual capital on firm value: evidence from China

We examine the dynamic relationship between intellectual capital (measured by human capital and organizational capital) and firm value of Chinese listed firms. We do causality identification using system GMM and IV estimation, and find no significant relation between human capital and firm value, but organizational capital positively affects firm value with a lag. Our findings are robust to firms with different property rights, of different sizes, or in different industries, with the only exception of capital-intensive firms, in which human capital has a significant influence on firm value. The results imply that the improvement of organizational system plays a more important role in raising the value of a firm in a typical developing country, like China.     

Information technology, organizational form, and transition to the market

The paper reviews theories of information technology adoption and organizational form and applies them to an empirical analysis of firm choices and characteristics in four transition economies: Czech Republic, Hungary, Romania, and Slovakia. We argue that two major structural changes have occurred, one concerning technology and another concerning firm ownership and boundaries, and we consider how each change may have affected the other. We estimate the impact of firm size, integration, and ownership on new information technology adoption and the impact of information technology on changes in firm boundaries and ownership, using a sample survey of 330 firms.     

Information technology investment and firm performance in US retail trade

We examine the relationship between investments in information technology (IT) and retail firm performance. We use untapped firm and establishment micro data from the Censuses of Retail Trade and the Assets and Expenditures Survey. We show that large firms account for most retail IT investment, employment, and establishment growth. We find evidence of a significant relationship between IT investment intensity and productivity growth.     

The relationship among enterprise clustering,prices, and productivity in Ethiopia’s manufacturing sector

We use census panel data on Ethiopian manufacturing firms to analyze how enterprise clustering in local markets covaries with firm‐level output prices and physical productivity. We find a negative and statistically significant relationship between the density of firms that produce a given product in a given location and the local price of that product. We also find a positive and statistically significant relationship between the density of firms that produce a given product in a location and the physical productivity of same‐product firms in the location. These results are consistent with the notion that increased clustering of firms generates higher competitive pressure and positive externalities. Across firms that produce different products, we find no statistically significant relationship between enterprise clustering and firm‐level output prices and productivity. We also find no clustering effects across towns. Our results suggest that while clustering can impact firm performance, the advantages are narrow in scope.     

组织信息化环境下知识流动对组织创造力的影响

通过解析知识流动和组织信息化环境的内部构成，探究知识溢出/知识扩散、高管支持/ICT应用对组织创造力的差异性影响，以及不同组织信息化环境对知识流动与组织创造力关系的调节作用。利用信息化程度较高的企业数据，使用层级回归分析进行实证检验。结果表明：组织创造力受知识流动的正向影响，知识扩散对其的正向影响更强；组织信息化正向影响组织创造力，相比ICT应用，高管支持对组织创造力的正向影响更强；高管支持在知识溢出/知识扩散与组织创造力之间的正向调节作用显著；ICT应用对知识扩散与组织创造力的强化作用显著强于对知识溢出与组织创造力之间的调节作用。     

Impediments to innovation faced by Canadian manufacturing firms

Using the findings of the 1999 Survey of Innovation in the Canadian manufacturing sector, we analyse the impediments, i.e. the problems and obstacles, that firms in the sector face when they innovate. In particular, we assess the factors which inhibit innovation, especially with regard to by small and medium enterprises (SMEs). First we try to establish the relationship between the impediments to innovation and various firm characteristics. Then we assess whether these impediments actually prevent firms from innovating or whether firms are able to overcome them.

We find that the perception of impediments to innovation vary according to firm characteristics. For example, large firms are more likely to report the high cost of developing innovation and organizational rigidities as impediments than small firms. However, they seem to have less difficulty with regard to financing innovation projects compared to SMEs. Our results also show that firms seem to be able to overcome most of the obstacles to innovation. Therefore, the impediments featured in innovation survey(s) should not be interpreted as impenetrable barriers that prevent innovation. The sole exception is organizational rigidities. Firms facing organizational rigidities are less likely to become innovative, whether they are small, medium, or large. From our results, we conclude that small firms do not face particular impediments which prevent them from becoming innovative.     

Electronic Information Systems and Organizational Boundaries

This paper models the effects of increasing utilization of information technology on organizational boundaries. The effects of information systems on structure are analysed by integrating the transaction cost and knowledge-based views of the firm. A model of structural choice is developed from the combination of these viewpoints. From this model, we can develop propositions regarding the relation between information technology and changes in organizational structure. The model suggests that the effect of increasing utilization of information technology is to drive firms through a repeated three-stage lifecycle that alternately drives firms toward market and hierarchical structures, resulting in heterogeneous network boundaries.     

The impacts of suppliers and mutual outsourcing on organizational forms

We consider a downstream duopoly model with a monopolistic common supplier and mutual outsourcing between the two symmetric downstream firms. The market structure captures the recent procurement environment in the smartphone industry. We also incorporate managerial delegation into the duopoly model because deciding on organizational forms within a firm is critical to achieving better performance in almost all industries. There is an equilibrium in which only one of the firms delegates its downstream production to its sales manager. A delegating firm becomes less aggressive. The profits when both firms delegate can be higher than those when no firm delegates. Social welfare when both firms delegate can be smaller than that when no firm delegates.     

组织学习能力、双元性创新与企业绩效间关系的实证研究

利用782个中国企业样本的数据,通过回归分析探讨了组织学习能力对企业绩效的影响以及双元性创新在两者间的中介作用。研究结果显示:企业提高组织学习能力可在财务绩效、人力资源绩效和创新绩效3个方面获得相应回报;双元性创新在组织学习能力与企业绩效之间起部分中介作用;环境动态性在组织学习能力、双元性创新与企业绩效三者间起到正向调节作用。     

合作经验、吸收能力、网络权力对企业创新绩效的影响机制

基于组织学习理论,构建了创新网络环境下合作经验、吸收能力、网络权力对创新绩效影响的结构方程模型,结合西安市高新技术企业样本数据进行实证分析。结果表明,合作经验和网络权力对创新绩效具有显著正向影响,而吸收能力对创新绩效的影响不显著;合作经验对网络权力和吸收能力具有显著正向影响。这说明我国企业缺乏对合作经验的吸收和应用,从而影响企业创新绩效提升。因此,企业应重视积累合作经验,加强组织学习,提升创新能力,充分利用合作创新网络这个聚集丰富知识、技术的平台,提高企业创新绩效。