高校负债运营的可持续发展机制

自我国实施科教兴国的战略以来,教育事业得到蓬勃的发展,特别是近年来高等教育发展迅速,办学规模不断壮大,培养了国家建设急需的各种高等教育技术人才,使我国的综合国力得到不断增强,极大地促进我国社会主义现代化的进程。然而,在高校扩招过程中也出现了一些不容忽视的问题,其中,因扩大招生规模而产生的高校过度负债问题显得尤为突出,已成了影响高校可持续发展的重要因素。故此,我们必须深入剖析出现这种问题的各种因素,找到"症结"所在,然后对症下药,探索出高校负债运营的可持续发展机制。本文从分析高校负债运营的现状入手,深入探究高校负债运营的可持续发展机制的相关策略。     

浅析中国高校负债的风险、异因与对策——基于高等教育大发展背景下的思考

在中国高等教育大发展的同时，高校负债日益增加，其不利影响也已呈现。首先分析了高校负债及其产生的风险。其次阐述了高校发展现状与高校负债“瓶颈”，并对指出产生高校负债的两种异常原因，最后从理论上提出了解决高校负债问题的对策。     

高校负债及其风险化解研究

摘要：我国高校贷款规模失控后,逐渐发展为负债问题,才引起人们的极大关注。高校负债是伴随着高等教育事业的发展、教育经费的投入不足逐渐形成的。本文通过对高校负债形成原因的分析,阐述了化解高校负债风险的对策。     

高校负债危机的制度经济学分析

伴随高等教育的大众化,中国高校呈跨越式发展。由于财政资源不足,高校频频向银行大规模借款。但近几年来,随着高校还贷高峰的到来,中国高校负债危机凸显,严重影响了高校的正常运行。从新制度经济学的视角,依据制度变迁和制度失范理论,探求高校出现巨额贷款债务问题的成因：高等教育制度的诱致性制度变迁带来了高校融资方式的多样化,而这一制度变迁过程中的制度失范是造成高校负债危机的根本原因。最后从制度层面对化解高校负债危机问题提出了几点建议。     

浅析中国高等院校负债融资及其风险防控

高等院校负债，是高校融资的一个重要渠道，它可以缓解目前存在的高校资金短缺问题，但是，高校负债也存在着一些风险。为此，我们要发挥政府职能，加强对高校负债的监管，并采取增加财政投入、拓宽融资渠道、加强贷款资金的管理等措施来防范高校负债融资风险。     

我国高校负债风险的成因及化解策略

近年来,我国高校负债风险日益显现,其形成有国家相关政策的负效应、高校膨胀式的扩招、对高校的财政投入严重不足、金融机构对高校贷款准入条件不严格、相关部门对高校贷款使用缺乏有效的管理和监督等不同原因。高校贷款风险既不利于高校的自身发展,又让银行和政府背上了沉重包袱。因此,对高校负债风险进行分析并寻求化解之道具有非常重要的意义。     

高校负债成因及风险规避措施的探究

近年银校合作解决了高校建设经费紧缺问题,同时也给高校带来还本付息的巨大压力。如何合理控制贷款规模,采取有效的偿债措施,避免财务危机的发生,是现阶段各高校内部控制的关键所在。文章在阐述高校负债现状,分析高校过度负债成因的基础上,提出合理规避负债风险的对策建议。     

浅谈高校财务危机

随着国家教育体制的改革,高校通过举债扩大办学规模,巨额贷款引发财务风险,高校负债问题已经引起有关部门的高度重视。为了促进高校负债的良性发展,必须高度关注高校的资金使用以及控制问题,寻找更好的对策来化解高校的财务危机。本文将对高校的财务危机问题展开探讨。     

论高校过度负债的风险与对策

近年来,高校负债办学的现象越来越普遍,日趋严峻的过度负债引起了政府及社会各界的高度关注。文章针对当今我国高校贷款的现状,分析了债台高筑所带来的种种风险和危害,提出了加强控制、管理,有效解决高校负债问题的对策与建议。     

高校负债原因分析

我国许多高校走向了负债发展之路,借贷、负债已成为高校生存的一种途径。文章从政府投入、高校扩招、政策导向、教学评估、高校定位、建设规划、管理机制、银行贷款和部分学生欠缴学费方面分析了高校负债原因。     

委托代理视角下公立高等学校债务分析

随着高校规模的不断扩大,公立高等学校的巨额债务开始显性化。巨额的贷款负债已经成为高校沉重的负担,化解公立高等学校的巨额债务危机成为一个迫在眉睫的问题。从政府与公立高等学校的关系来看,政府是委托人,公立高等学校是代理人,代理问题的存在是公立高等学校形成巨额债务的一个原因。因此,健全政府与公立高等学校之间的委托代理关系是化解公立高等学校债务危机的关键。     

试论我国地方政府债务及其风险控制

地方政府债务是指地方政府承担的,所有需要其在将来运用资产或其它经济资源偿还的义务。它具有以下几个特点:首先,地方政府债务是一种综合性的债务。它可能由多种因素诱发产生,或由其它形式的债务(例如金融债务)转化而来。其次,地方政府债务具有较大的隐蔽性。某些形式的地方政府债务并不直接表现在政府资产负债表上,可能直到需要偿还时才会最终暴露出来。第三,作为最终需要地方财政偿还的债务,地方政府债务一般由地方财政实施控制。     

Reserve ratios: A proposal for change

The paper addresses the problem of Fed control of the money supply and the inherent instability of a fractional reserve banking system which Friedman covered in A Program for Monetary Stability. While Friedman proposed a 100 percent reserve requirement as a solution, this work suggests a change from imposing legal reserve ratios on specific liabilities to one of imposing them on total bank liabilities. Reserve ratios are compared to tax rates. Friedman's proposal is to increase the tax rate to 100 percent on specific liabilities and pay interest on reserve balances at the Fed. The proposal of this paper is to keep the tax rates (present reserve ratios) but change the tax base. It is shown that the Fed would gain control over the maximum expansion of banks, but would lose direct control over specific liabilities. The Fed would not tax some liabilities and subsidize others. The Fed could concentrate on setting the tone of the money market and allow the public to use whatever set of bank liabilities it desires as money without specific penalty.     

高校学术人力资源“去行政化”策略探析

＂行政化＂是高校学术人力资源管理所面临的一个重要难题。导致这种状况的原因可以从组织管理层面视角和个体层面视角两种角度进行分析。高校解决学术人力资源＂行政化＂问题,在组织层面上要明确＂去行政化＂不等于＂去掉行政体系＂,不断完善激励体制机制,明确绩效评价体系,不断提高薪资待遇,逐步为＂商业化＂思潮降温;在个体层面上要做好自我职业生涯规划,明确价值取向,培养良好的集体意识。     

Portfolio risk management and carbon emissions valuation in electric power

The context is an electric power company with regulated load obligations and a spot market for energy sales and purchases, as well as liabilities incurred by carbon emissions from generation units or power contracts controlled by the company. Against the backdrop of the existing carbon cap and trade system in the European Union, this paper develops a framework for integrating energy portfolio risk management with liabilities associated with the company’s carbon emissions. The multi-period VaR-constrained portfolio approach of Kleindorfer and Li (Energy J 26(1): 1–26, 2005) is first extended to cover the implied liabilities arising from carbon emissions. This entails some changes to account for the fact that dispatch/bidding/execution decisions will be affected by carbon liabilities for some generation units and contracts. The paper then develops a dynamic programming framework for optimizing the timing of carbon trades (i.e., the timing of the acquisition of the required carbon certificates to cover carbon emissions liabilities of the company), given banked credits or allocations of carbon credits at the start of the planning period and the emissions liabilities resulting from the company’s joint energy and carbon portfolio optimization problem.     

开放视角下的国家综合负债风险与市场化分担

随着中国经济金融的日益开放,中国国家综合负债的规模与结构在动态变化:一方面,国家综合负债的某些旧因素(如银行不良资产)的存在形式发生了变化,另一方面,国家综合负债的一些新因素(社保基金缺口、巴塞尔协议的顺周期影响和汇率波动导致的外汇资产损失)开始显现。从开放视角考察,中国的国家综合负债风险形势仍较为严峻。在政府承担社会性支出的基础上,更多地重视和运用市场化分担方式是化解和防范国家综合负债风险的基本途径,保持经济持续稳定增长是应对国家综合负债风险的根本保障。     

Operating lease decision and the impact of capitalization in a bank-oriented country

This article explores the reasons why firms engage in operating leases and examines the potential impact of a change in the related accounting rules. We focus on the accounting advantage of off-balance financing, which does not affect the typical accounting-based covenants especially important in bank-oriented countries. However, we also consider other economically based arguments. Using manually collected operating lease data for Spanish listed firms, we use the constructive capitalization method to measure as-if liabilities. The results confirm that not only size and industry affect the decision but that firms closer to breaching their covenants are also more inclined to choose operating leases. Consequently, it is argued that such firms will be more affected by the accounting change; indeed, the inclusion of liabilities in the balance sheet might tighten financial covenants in loan agreements as evidenced in the paper. Not surprisingly, firms are strongly opposed to the accounting change.     

我国地方政府债务可持续性的一个综合分析框架

本文首先运用圭多提和库莫提出的资产负债框架,对当前我国地方政府的债务可持续性现状进行了初步的静态评估,然后通过构建以政府收支流量为主要变量的政府债务可持续性动态模型,对实现政府债务可持续性应满足的条件进行了分析,最后从地方政府收入体系的制度性调整与支出行为的制度性调整两个方面,对如何实现我国地方政府债务可持续性,化解地方政府债务风险提出相关的政策建议.     

Does the BRRD affect the retail banking business model in the Euro area?

This paper discusses how the introduction of the Banking Recovery and Resolution Directive (BRRD) in European Union legislation may change the retail banking business model, which is the most prevalent model in Southern European countries. The main point is the treatment of deposits in the BRRD. Uninsured deposits may be written down or converted into equity in case of resolution of a bank. This contrasts with the treatment of other short-term liabilities, in particular repurchase agreements. Short maturity repos are excluded from the bail-in, regardless of their size. Also, liabilities related to securities lending and derivatives are given privileged treatment. It is argued that this will be an advantage for wholesale and investment banks, which use these types of short-term funding largely to finance asset purchases. Moreover, it will severely hit retail banking business models of various types by undermining the trust of depositors in the bank, causing bank runs whenever rumours circulate about financial distress situations, thus increasing its cost of funding and lowering the value of its shares. Therefore, to avoid runs on repos, runs on banks are resurging.     

碳排放会计处理及信息披露差异化研究

公认会计准则缺位使得与碳排放权有关的资产、负债的确认与计量、排放配额远期买卖合约的会计处理存在重大差异;报告边界和营运边界界定的不可比,影响了信息披露的质量。碳排放权的政治特性决定了会计准则制定必须更多地关注会计的目标,决策有用性要求企业以供应链为基础区别排放源,同时披露基于控制权和股权比例的排放信息,通过管理层讨论与分析实现碳排放报告与主流财务报告的有效融合。