of China HydrologyJournal of China

ournal of China HydrologyJournal of China HydrologyJournal of China HydrologyJournal of Shanxi Finance and Economics UniversityJournal of Shanxi Finance and Economics UniversityJournal of Shanxi Finance and Economics UniversityJournal of Shanxi Finance and Economics UniversityJournal of Shanxi Finance and Economics UniversityJournal of Shanxi Finance and Econom     

The Analysis of Bases of Market Segmentation

This paper analyses the characters of different bases of market segmentation and classes the bases into four kinds： observable general bases, observable product-specific bases, unobservable general bases and unobservable product-specific bases. The result can be used in the future research of market segmentation.     

Analysis of the Evaluation Mechanism of the Stride Development System of the Enterprise

on the basis of the self-organizing theories the thesis analyzes how enterprises realize the stride development through the technology stride. At First the thesis sets up the stride development system of enterprises and then the thesis reveals the mechanism that the technology stride will give rise to the stride development of ente~fises. In the end the thesis puts forward the enlightenment for the stride development of enterprises from the stride development system of enterprises.     

On the Fabrication of Structural Model of Quality System of Urbanization in China

This paper classifies the factors related with the quality system of the urbanization into three dimensions as quality planning, quality realization and quality improvement according to the relationship of their mutual actions. Then it fabricates a three-dimension space structural model. In order to achieve sustainable improvement on urbanization quality improvement, this paper puts forward the measures of controlling the operation of the quality system of urbanization to make it run effectively and smoothly.     

International Implications of the Cost of Compliance with the External Audit Requirements of Section 404 of Sarbanes–Oxley

The Sarbanes–Oxley ACT (SOX) was effective for many large U. S. companies for fiscal years ending on or after December 15, 2004. Some, cross listed, non U. S., companies must comply with the provisions of Section 404 (404) of SOX for fiscal periods ending on or after July 15, 2006. The purposes of this study are to review the implications of SOX 404, to assess SOX 404’s potential impact on world-wide securities regulation, assess the impact of SOX 404 on external audit fees for the initial group of filers during the first 2 years it was effective and assess SOX 404’s prospective economic impact on foreign companies that cross list their securities in the U. S. Our finding indicated that audit fees increased by an average of 65% for the initial group of filers in the first year SOX 404 was effective and by .9% in the second year. This increase was reflected in a .5% decrease in earnings for these companies. We conclude that although similar results might be expected for foreign companies that cross list, the implementation costs do not provide sufficient reason to weaken or eliminate SOX 404’s requirements at this time.

Merger of Equals? Try Murder of Equals

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The people of Oulu are citizens of technology Risto Parjanne, Mayor of Oulu

Inoululifehasbeenenteredinthehistorybookssince1605,whenthecitywasfoundedUndethecharteroftheSwedishkingKaarleIX.Inthe1600'sOuluhadlessthan1000inhabitantsandthecity'sadministrativeareawasre-strictedbycustomswalls.Customswereimposedonexportandimportactivitiesand,in1622,customswereexpandedtoalsocovertheagriculturalproductsProducedinthecity.Businessactivitiescouldnotbecarriedoutfreely,butthePrivi-legehadtobeappliedfor.AfterthetradeembargointheGulfofBothniawasCancelled,tradebecamefreeandthesail…     

“Probability of risk aversion” and other applications of derivatives of the certainty equivalent

“Probability of risk” aversion is principally concerned with reactions to scaling up of probabilities of non-zero values of a non-positive random variable by a common factor. Decreasing probability-of-risk aversion is defined and shown to be equivalent to ordinary risk aversion. Implications of this for insurance are pointed out. The sort of scaling involved is the same as that involved in “self-protection,” and it is shown that, for any expenditure on self-protection, say x, a concave utility function will prefer a coinsurance policy, costing x, which leaves probabilities unchanged, but scales down loss amounts by the same proportion as probabilities are scaled under self-protection. Properties of several comparative concepts of decreasing risk aversion are established. Derivatives of the certainty equivalent (CE) are used to elucidate well-known comparative static results in models of expected utility maximization. Finally, the study proves that concavity of the CE implies convexity of the coefficient of absolute risk aversion and examines the role of curvature of the CE in exploring relationships between properties of risk vulnerability, properness, and standardness.

Pori-capital of Satakunta

RrstlysomehistoryOriginallyPoriwaslocatednearthetradingplaceofTelja,present-dayKobemki.Asthecenturiespassedandthecoastrose,sailinguptheKokelnaenjokiriverbecamemoreandmoredifficult.Soitwasinevitablethatthetownwouldhavetomovenearertherivermouth.Thisisprobablyhowthe14thcentaltownofUlvilacametosucceedTelja.Whenthegovernmentbegantodecreaseforeigntradeinthe1500s,inturnulvila'stimestartediDnearitsend.WhenJuharaHerttua(DukeJohn)wasinUlvilaon8.3.1558,hegrantedthefrocharterforthetownofPori.Hiside…     

The Analysis and Modification of Opportunity Cost of Investment

We think we should use basic return rate of industry to measure the opportunity cost of capital and use the rule of Maximum NPV （Net Present Value） to modify the wrong solution in the book.     

An Exploration of the Economic Significance of Social Security

The modem social security carries some elements of humanitarianism or social stability, but it is more an economic means. It can reduce overproduction, increase effective demand and facilitate the balance between the demand and supply, and prevent the frequent occurrence of economic crisis. All the creatures of the God are there for a reason. The amount of production is based on the amount of currency. But some parts of currency are transformed into savings, and savings cannot be turned into investment immediately. The entailing overproduction breaks the balance between the demand and supply, and results in economic crisis. In modem society, it is the social security or those ＂lazy bones＂ that represses and eliminates the overproduction, which can be expressed by the equation： Savings = Investment ＋ Social security （consumption）. In this way, the balance between the demand and supply is realized.and the social production and life can continue in a normal way.     

Talk of Mayor

I've beenthe first elected Mayor of Torbayfor about 100 days now.Have I done what I set out to do? Highlights have been saving Upton St James School ,putting the cross back at the crematorium,and starting a mean-ingful dialogue withthe business community.I've been elected Chairman of the Torbay Strategic Partnership,and I mexcited about the possibilities there.There is a real sense of satisfactionin startingto get things done.     

Restricting factors of the development of SEA in China

＂Environmental Impact Assessment Law of P. R. China＂ was promulgated on Oct. 28^th, 2002 and has been put into effect on Sep 1^th, 2003. This paper puts forward some important factors which restrict the development of Strategic Environmental Assessment according to the preliminary practices of SEA in China. These restricting factors are： （1） potential resistance from some departments; （2） poor cooperation between different departments; （3） limited availability of information resources （4） lack of well-developed SEA methods; （5） difficulties in public participation. The primary thought to solve these problems were proposed at policy and technique level.     

Analysis of the Effect and Mode of Strategy Integration of the Enterprise M＆A

Merger is a kind of strategic behavior of seeking long-term development. A new enterprise coming from merger is different from the one that come into existence. The strategy of new enterprise formed from merger is constituted through the integration of the strategy for each side. Strategy integration is the guide for the integration of other elements after merger, the way for enterprises to adapt the change of environment and the warranty for the enterprises to achieve strategy synergistic effect. Strategy integration of the merging-enterprises can be realized through several steps： preparation for strategy integration, readjustment to strategy, reorientation of the enterprise and effective communication with target enterprise in the course of carrying out the strategy.