复杂产品研发团队知识集成模型及其机制研究

研发团队的知识集成会影响复杂产品研发的效果和质量,而要促进知识的集成,就有必要对研发团队知识集成的模型和机制进行研究。首先分析了复杂产品研发团队的知识集成特征,在此基础上,从内部知识集成和外部知识集成两方面提出了复杂产品研发团队的知识集成模型,并对内部知识集成和外部知识集成进行了详细分析,最后对复杂产品研发团队的知识集成机制进行了探讨。     

高新技术企业研发团队沟通行为对自主创新绩效的影响——以知识吸收能力为中介变量

在知识经济时代，知识是企业发展和创新的源泉与重要资源。研发团队沟通行为是影响高新技术企业自主创新绩效的重要因素，探究其对自主创新绩效的影响机制具有重要意义。以社会认同、知识共享等理论为基础，以知识吸收能力为中介变量，分析高新技术企业研发团队沟通行为与自主创新绩效的关系，运用逐步回归分析法对288份有效样本进行实证分析。研究发现：研发团队合作性沟通对团队产品创新绩效和工艺创新绩效有正向影响；研发团队竞争性沟通和回避性沟通对团队产品创新绩效和工艺创新绩效有负向影响；知识吸收能力在研发团队合作性沟通、竞争性沟通与自主创新绩效的影响中起显著中介作用，但是在研发团队回避性沟通对自主创新绩效影响的中介作用不显著。结论为提升高新技术企业研发团队自主创新绩效提供了新的方法与路径，对企业提高知识共享与创新能力，开展创新活动具有重要启示。     

研发服务搜寻行为研究

研发服务已成为当今创新管理学界讨论的热点话题,研发服务搜寻是研发价值实现的重要前提。在回顾相关文献的基础上,结合研发服务的特性,提出需要深入探讨研发服务与搜寻间的关系。从研发服务供求者的专业能力出发,分析了研发服务搜寻,并根据对研发服务搜寻影响因素及过程的系统分析,得出了如何更好地进行研发服务搜寻的结论,为今后研发服务搜寻与交易的研究奠定了基础。     

知识服务的加工机制分析

知识服务生产函数为分析知识服务的加工机制提供了很好的模型框架和研究工具。分析知识服务的生产要素,划分知识服务产品类型,提出知识服务实现的本质过程,构建知识服务生产函数,进而基于知识服务价值的实现探讨知识服务的加工机制。     

开放式研发服务中介平台研究

基于开放式创新和中介平台的概念,对开放式研发服务中介平台的核心主体及网络互动机制进行分析,归纳出开放式研发服务中介平台的6大特征和不同阶段的任务;结合各相关主体在中介平台运行中扮演的不同角色,探讨开放式研发服务中介平台的运作机制,为研发服务业相关者构建开放式研发服务中介平台提供参考和借鉴。     

交易型领导与研发团队创造力的影响机制与实证检验

文章基于领导力理论,探索以权变奖励为特色的交易型领导对高新技术企业研发团队创造力的影响,以及知识共享的中介作用和团队成员异质性的调节作用.通过实证研究348个研发团队,得出以下主要结论:交易型领导显著正向影响研发团队的创造力;知识共享部分中介了交易型领导与研发团队创造力之间的关系;团队成员异质性增加了交易型领导与研发团队创造力、交易型领导与知识共享之间的紧密度,表现为正向调节作用.本研究结果丰富了交易型领导风格理论在高新技术企业研发团队管理中的理论价值和实际应用价值,并为高新技术企业的研发团队管理提供借鉴;同时,本研究在知识共享平台建设、团队异质性管理、激发团队创新思维方面,亦给出意见和建议.     

关于构建我国生态产品价值实现路径和机制的总体构想

生态产品价值实现,需要充分运用市场与非市场"两只手"来推动。针对可交易性生态产品,可充分利用国际、国内两个市场,通过生态物质产品、生态文化服务产品、自然资源资产权属等的直接交易,直接实现生态产品的价值。针对具有公共资源特性、纯公共产品特性的生态产品,可由政府主导,通过生态补偿、政府购买、政府监管、税收调节等行政手段,间接实现生态产品价值。为确保生态产品价值实现,需要构建一系列的保障机制,包括空间分区机制、产权管理机制、核算评估机制、有偿使用机制、特许经营机制、市场流转机制、绿色金融机制、绿色认证机制、社会参与机制、科技支撑机制、调控监控机制和法制保障机制等。     

农产品批发市场价格形成机制及其交易效率

农产品批发市场以大批量交易为主要特征,市场竞争充分,信息集散顺畅,并且提供公正的仲裁服务,从而可以降低市场交易成本;产品价格的形成是市场内交易双方博弈的均衡结果,交易效率的实现与价格机制的有效形成共同决定于买卖双方追求交易利益最大化目标的实现.本文从新制度经济学的角度分析农产品批发市场价格形成机制及其交易效率,得出研究结论以及相应的政策含义.     

复杂产品系统研发组织知识系统模型研究

通过分析复杂产品系统研发组织知识管理的需求,探讨了复杂产品系统研发组织的知识主体、知识产品、知识创新过程以及知识创造空间,建立了复杂产品系统研发组织知识系统模型,并分析了模型运行的动态特征。     

企业内部知识市场自发式交易机制的研究

知识共享是知识创新的基础,企业内部知识市场为知识的供需双方提供了交易知识的可能。通过分析知识商品的定价基础,分别对完全信息条件下和不完全信息条件下自发式交易的讨价还价机理进行了研究,指出了自发式交易机制存在的不足以及有利于知识在企业内部转移和共享的有效途径。     

Pleasure and belief in Hume's Decision Process

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to introduce explicitly pleasure and belief in what aims at being a Humean theory of decision, like the one developed in Diaye and Lapidus (2005a). Although we support the idea that Hume was in some way a hedonist – evidently different from Bentham's or Jevons' way – we lay emphasis less on continuity than on the specific kind of hedonism encountered in Hume's writings (chiefly the Treatise, the second Enquiry, the Dissertation, or some of his Essays). Such hedonism clearly contrasts to its standard modern inheritance, expressed by the relation between preferences and utility.

The reason for such a difference with the usual approach lies in the mental process that Hume puts to the fore in order to explain the way pleasure determines desires and volition. Whereas pleasure is primarily, in Hume's words, an impression of sensation, it takes place in the birth of passions as reflecting an idea of pleasure, whose “force and vivacity” is precisely a “belief”, transferred to the direct passions of desire or volition that come immediately before action. As a result, from a Humean point of view, “belief” deals with decision under risk or uncertainty, as well as with intertemporal decision and indiscrimination problems.

The latter are explored within a formal framework, and it is shown that the relation of pleasure is transformed by belief into a non-empty class of relations of desire, among which at least one is a preorder.     

Globalization,Neoliberalism and the attack on social security

Neoliberal political movements advocate privatization of public pension systems. Globalization imposes pressure on nations to conform to neoliberal policy views with respect to the design and structure of social insurance, including public pension systems. The paper begins with an investigation of the economic, ethical and ideological dimensions of the privatization debates in the U.S.; it argues that privatization advocates may be largely moved by ideology, since the other reasons advanced appear weak or unfounded. The second part discusses the history of Social Security, the purposes for its creation, and some of its economic effects. Differences between public and private pension systems are considered. A brief international comparison of some aspects of public pension system finance and benefit structures is presented. The final section considers the ethical, macroeconomic and distributional implications of privatization, prefunding and payroll tax funding, and argues for a pay as you go system financed with income taxes. In order to promote equity, economic security, community, and social cohesion, public pension systems should be universal in coverage. In order to reduce the inequality, income insecurity, and aged poverty generated by market economies, public pension systems ought to be progressive: benefit/contribution ratios should be inversely proportional to income, and progressive income taxes should finance the system. To promote economic growth, the systems should be financed on a pay-as-you-go basis, and should not be prefunded except for an emergency reserve. The fiscal policy recommendations partially depend upon the theory developed by Abba Lerner in the 1940s, and recently advanced by Wynne Godley and Randy Wray: Lerner's “principle of functional finance.”     

Interest on reserves and inflation

The payment of interest on reserves has been a common practice in inflationary economies. This policy may seem paradoxical since it involves returning part of the seigniorage, generated by the inflation process, with the intention to finance the fiscal deficit. This paper argues that the motivation for this policy can be captured by the discretionary regime, where the policymaker pays interest on reserves because he is concerned with the erosion of real liquidity by inflation, which is in part beyond his control. However, this policy is an unlikely outcome in the commitment regime, where the policymaker is in full control of inflation.     

Bayesian estimation of duration models: An application of the multiperiod probit model

The multiperiod probit model is presented and Bayesian estimation using the Gibbs sampler with data augmentation is described. As an empirical illustration, the multiperiod probit model is then used to estimate a duration model using employment duration data for the Canadian province of New Brunswick. Bayesian estimation with unobserved heterogeneity is shown to be a simple extension of estimation of a duration model with no unobserved heterogeneity. More importantly, perhaps, some numerical problems encountered by other authors using Maximum Likelihood are avoided.I would like to thank M. Baker, G. Koop, A. Melino and D. Poirier for helpful comments and discussions. I would also like to thank M. Baker for providing his data.     

Scenarios and creativity: Thinking in new boxes

To be creative and make change happen, leaders must do more than simply ‘think outside the box’, as the traditional business manuals suggest, using the popular American expression. After all, the space outside the box is infinitely expansive. Moreover, there can be no guarantee that a solution to the problem will be found. The answer: ‘Think in new boxes.’ This requires developing the right new box; in other words, useful new models, a helpful new approach to a problem. That is the real art of practical creativity. This short article outlines the approach (Thinking in New Boxes) and its application to classic scenario planning with a few examples. The authors also present the ‘Expressway to Scenarios’, an approach that wins in impact and practicality what it loses in deep analysis, by having top executives involved in key steps.     

Forecasting the price of gold

This article seeks to evaluate the appropriateness of a variety of existing forecasting techniques (17 methods) at providing accurate and statistically significant forecasts for gold price. We report the results from the nine most competitive techniques. Special consideration is given to the ability of these techniques to provide forecasts which outperforms the random walk (RW) as we noticed that certain multivariate models (which included prices of silver, platinum, palladium and rhodium, besides gold) were also unable to outperform the RW in this case. Interestingly, the results show that none of the forecasting techniques are able to outperform the RW at horizons of 1 and 9 steps ahead, and on average, the exponential smoothing model is seen providing the best forecasts in terms of the lowest root mean squared error over the 24-month forecasting horizons. Moreover, we find that the univariate models used in this article are able to outperform the Bayesian autoregression and Bayesian vector autoregressive models, with exponential smoothing reporting statistically significant results in comparison with the former models, and classical autoregressive and the vector autoregressive models in most cases.     

How chaebol restructuring after the 1997 crisis has affected corporate decision and performance in Korea: debt financing,ownership structure,and investment

ABSTRACT

Korean chaebol firms, characterized by excessive debt financing and overinvestment, experienced restructuring after the 1997 crisis. By reducing debt financing and thus overinvestment, they tried to reorganize financing structure and ownership structure. Chaebols’ debt reduction turns out to have improved performance. However, polarization between chaebol and non-chaebol firms has become more significant. Even after the crisis, firms that give higher cash flows to a controlling shareholder take more capital investment, indicating that agency problems still exist within chaebols. Chaebol-affiliated firms continue to be more active in R&D than non-chaebol firms. However, the pattern is limited to the group of top 10 chaebols after the crisis.

Abbreviations: KFTC: Korea Fair Trade Commission     

On the Role of Paradigms in Understanding Economic Globalization

Any adequate analysis of economic globalization necessarily requires fundamental understanding of the worldviews underlying the views expressed with respect to the nature and role of economic globalization. This paper is based on the premise that any worldview can be associated with one of the four basic paradigms: functionalist, interpretive, radical humanist, and radical structuralist. It argues that any view expressed with respect to economic globalization is based on one of the four paradigms or worldviews. It, therefore, discusses four views with respect to the nature and role of economic globalization which correspond to the four broad worldviews. The paper emphasizes that the four views expressed are equally scientific and informative; they look at the nature and role of economic globalization from a certain paradigmatic viewpoint. Emphasizing this example in the area of economic globalization, the paper concludes that there are opportunities for each paradigm to benefit from contributions coming from the other three paradigms.     

A Humean theory of choice of which rationality may be one consequence

For the reader who considers economic theory of choice as a special case of a more general theory of action, Hume's discussion of the determinants of action in the Treatise of Human Nature (1739?–?40), in the Enquiry on Human Understanding (1748) and in the Dissertation on Passions (1757) deserves attention. However, according to some modern commentators, Hume does not seem to have given any evidence that would favour what nowadays we would consider as the kind of rationality involved in modern theories of rational choice. On the contrary, this paper arrives at the conclusion that consistency between preferences and choice, like the usual properties of completeness and transitivity, may be considered as outcomes of a mental process, described by means of a decision algorithm that aims to represent Hume's theory of choice.     

The concept of freedom and its relation to economic development--a critical appreciation of the work of Amartya Sen

Following a brief review of the conception of freedom as employedin economic discourse, this paper focuses on the evolution ofthe concept of freedom in the work of Amartya Sen. It tracesthe development of Sen's thought from the capability analysisof the late 1970s to his more recent separation of freedom intoits opportunity and process aspects. While broadly appreciativeof Sen's development of the concept of positive freedom, thepaper identifies some difficulties arising from his definitionof capability as a set of options as well as from his separationof the opportunity and process aspects of freedom. Aspects ofthe relationship between Sen's conception of freedom and thatof Marx are discussed briefly in the context of Sen's recentdiscussion of the market as a source of freedom.