资源型产业集群的风险分析与对策研究

产业集群作为一种极具特色的产业组织形式,对区域经济的发展具有重要的驱动作用,已成为各国各地区发展经济的重要政策工具.然而产业集群也同其他事物一样存在产生、发展、衰退的过程.特别是资源型产业集群由于其特殊的结构形式,更容易出现衰退从而给本地区经济带来损失.从多方面分析了资源型产业集群存在的风险,并提出了延缓资源型产业集群衰退,促进资源型产业集群可持续发展的对策建议.     

Banking as a basis for economic cooperation in less developed Europe

This article examines to what extent Russia's increasing reliance on foreign capital could potentially kick-start the economy and generate growth. The analysis highlights more fundamental issues of governance and institutional arrangements, for which the focus on foreign economic activities serves merely as an example to reflect on pathologies of the Russian economy as a whole. The article consists of a theoretical framework, discussing the change of institutional arrangements in the first section and analysing crucial issues of corporate governance and property rights in the last, while empirical information is compiled for Russia as a whole and its constituent regions in the second and third core sections. The article concludes that the Russian map of high foreign trade activities will be shaped only by patchy growth spots, located either where the domestic market is largest or opportunities for export exist, mainly in large urban agglomerations (economies of scale) and commercial hubs, resource-rich and gateway territories (gravitation to international trading blocs). Major investment disincentives will remain as long as the existing system of taxation has not been substantially changed, property rights are not protected, land and bankruptcy legislation is not properly enforced and local authorities are not prevented form rent-seeking activities.     

从生产函数看河北省经济增长与就业结构的变动

随着资本投入的增长和技术的进步,经济的增长将大量未充分就业的农业劳动力向高生产率部门转移而导致就业结构变化,就业结构的变动又进一步促进了经济的增长。用生产函数将就业结构变动从全要素生产率中分离出来,可以得出就业结构变动对经济增长的推动效应及第一产业就业人口向第二、三产业的流动对经济增长的贡献率。     

我国经济发展方式非均衡特征及优化的政策选择——基于人力资本投资低水平“陷阱”视角的分析

本文以人力资本视角分析我国经济发展方式转变及促进经济可持续性的政策选择。研究表明,人力资本投资在发达国家经济增长方式转型中具有主导性的作用,而改革开放以来我国人力资本投资对经济发展的作用已经落入低水平陷阱,经济发展依赖于物质资本及低端劳动力的数量投入,人力资本与物质资本呈现非均衡特征,而且出现就业压力严峻与人力资本短缺并存的现象,物质资本与人力资本不匹配、人力资本投资结构与人才需求结构错位,以及收入分配与人力资本投资不足等问题日益凸显,经济发展可持续性受到挑战。对此,我国应明确人力资本投资对经济发展方式转变的重要作用和地位,通过增加教育投入、放宽教育准入制度及收入分配改革等渠道,实现人力资本投资的快速增长,促进经济发展方式的优化。     

Property Rights, Renewable Resources and Economic Development

This paper analyzes the role of endogenous property rights in the development of an open resource-based economy. I incorporate renewable resources and endogenous decisions on property rights into a convex growth model with the formal and informal sectors. I find that along the transition path to steady state, property rights enforcement is not constant but improves with time as well as involves intermediate property rights specification (between open access and perfect property rights). International trade and labor market are driving these endogenous changes. Property rights improve with favorable terms of trade when the economy exports resource services and stronger property rights help maintain the resource stock by deterring illegal harvest. This pushes labor away from the informal harvest sector toward greater participation in the formal sector of the economy. In turn, more labor participation in the formal sector along with capital formation increase the country’s output and consumption. Overall, with an open economy and well-functioning institutions, renewable resources have a positive impact on economic growth.     

Dutertenomics: Populism,Progress, and Prospects

In 2016, when Rodrigo Duterte was elected Philippine President the economy was growing robustly. Despite the record growth, his election is considered a populist revolt of the middle‐ and upper‐class Filipinos. Yet, his economic policies – from his initial 10‐point agenda to the laws he approved – are liberal. This paper distinguishes and relates Duterte's authoritarian‐populist political style (“Dutertismo”) and his economic agenda (“Dutertenomics”). The distinction follows from his lack of interest in economic affairs, which he delegated to his team of economic managers. This team ably pushes important economic reforms because of the president's style, which so far has earned him wide public approval. After slowing down during the first half of Duterte's term, growth has recently picked up. To keep the momentum and public attention off human rights violations, Duterte needs to accomplish his economic agenda by mid‐2022. Drawing on his powers and popularity, he may yet be able to elicit the full support of Congress.     

中国劳动市场一体化测度与利益评估

笔者通过比较劳动生产率和劳动边际产出的地区差异与产业差异,对我国劳动市场一体化程度及其变化趋势进行测度。研究发现改革以来,劳动市场地区分割已明显减弱,但产业分割仍然严重;工业部门存在较高技术门槛和体制门槛,传统服务业是农业劳动力转移的主要渠道。政策模拟显示,劳动市场一体化具有巨大的经济社会利益。     

加快南宁市现代农业发展的若干思考

发展现代农业是实现新农村建设目标的首要任务。南宁市要发展现代农业,走出具有南宁特色的路子,就必须站在经济社会发展全局的高度,站在所有经济要素合理流动的整体中,坚持走工业反哺农业、城市支持农村的道路,积极推进以工促农、以城带乡,积极调整和妥善处理工农城乡关系,改变工农关系失调、城乡发展失衡的现状,努力形成工业与农业相互促进、城市与农村共同繁荣的新局面。     

Economic Impact of Internet in China

This paper examines the current status of Internet development in China; analyzes its contributions to Chinese economy from the perspective of economic structural changes, IT industry development, E-commerce, productivity growth, foreign investment, and labor market, etc.; suggests its direction in terms of government policy orientations; and proposes strategies toward greater success of Internet in China. To promote economic growth, it is important for Chinese government to establish sturdy e-environments to enable its industries to compete in the global economy and to bring about a greater cohesion within its societies.     

企业社会责任问题辨析

企业社会责任是近几年来全球最热的经济话题之一,但是我国对企业社会责任这个舶来品还存在许多模糊甚至错误的认识,不利于企业社会责任的理论研究与实践.文章基于ISO26000框架,在给出企业社会责任内涵的基础上,就社会责任的相关问题进行了辨析.企业社会责任是指企业为其决策与运营活动给自然生态环境和利益相关方带来的不利影响而应履行的基本义务.对现代企业来说,社会责任不仅仅只是一种自律性的“软”约束,更是一种他律性的“硬”约束;社会责任不仅仅是企业家的社会责任,更是企业必须履行的基本义务;企业履行社会责任绝不是增加负担,相反它是企业基业长青的前提;SA8000只涉及企业劳工实践和人权主题,而ISO26000则为企业社会责任管理提供了一个较为全面的解决方案     

劳动者技能、劳动力流动与收入再分配

二元经济下劳动力的流动和收入再分配是经济学界长期关注的焦点问题之一.本文从标准的刘易斯模型所体现的经济及制度环境入手建立模型,分析劳动者技能、劳动力流动与收入再分配三者之间的关系,对照中国当前实际指明问题所在并提供相应的对策建议,为我国当前及今后相当长时期妥善处理劳动力流动及再分配问题提供了参考.     

Is Foreign Direct Investment “Gender Blind”? Women's Rights as a Determinant of US FDI

The impact of women's rights on a country's competitiveness in the global economy is a source of contention. While educational opportunities for women, as well as political empowerment, are linked to a variety of positive outcomes, the impact of economic rights is mixed. Toward better understanding these issues, we focus on the role of women's rights in attracting foreign direct investment (FDI). Though foreign capital plays a key role in the development strategies of many countries, and many of the growth areas in FDI rely heavily on women's labor, extant literature on the determinants of FDI largely ignores gender. To gain insight into these issues, we examine the impact of women's political, economic, and educational rights across four different types of US FDI into the developing world. We find a mixed relationship between women's rights and FDI that varies across industrial sectors.     

Demographic trends and international capital flows in an integrated world

This paper examines the impact of projected demographic trends on international capital flows. The analysis builds upon a ten-region overlapping generations' model of the world economy where capital is mobile across regions. Results show that, over the first half of the century, emerging regions will finance the demand of capital coming from the developed world where population aging is relatively advanced. In particular, the findings suggest that in the coming decades China will be the world's main creditor region. However, in the second half of the century, India will take over this leading position because of the predicted decline in the Chinese labor force. An additional analysis demonstrates that the economic consequences of demographic changes depend on the degree of capital market integration between regions.     

全球价值链视角下长三角物联网产业集群成长机制研究

基于全球价值链视角,结合现代产业组织结构集聚化、融合化和模块化等新特征和发展趋势,对我国物联网产业集群的成长机制进行深入研究,重点剖析动力机制、创新机制、利益机制、产学研协同机制、发展演变机制等五大机制。认为随着物联网产业生命周期不同阶段的演进,市场容量的变化,将导致物联网传感器供应商、设备提供商、网络运营商、系统集成商在全球价值链增值环节中处于不同地位,因而具有不同增长速度,这对五大机制产生重要影响,从而也直接关系到长三角物联网产业集群成长机制的培育。在此基础上提出相关政策建议。     

后危机时期国际金融格局的变动及其对美国经济的影响

2008年金融危机给世界经济带来了重大的影响,国际金融格局也发生了显著变化。本文主要分析了国际汇率体系、国际收支和国际储备体系、国别经济政策与国际间经济政策协调的变化。在后危机时期,美国经济也受国际金融格局变化的影响,包括美元中心地位的问题、“中心一外围”模式可持续性的问题和美国的国际经济领导权问题。本文得出的主要结论是：国际几种主要货币汇率波动增大,国际汇率体系弹性增大,国际收支总体失衡程度下降,美元为主的国际储备体系呈多元化趋势,先进经济体与新兴发展经济体的经济协调在加强,美元的霸权地位面临挑战,美国在国际分工中的中心地位在下降,美国在国际经济的主导地位也在逐渐下降,新兴经济体获得更多的话语权。     

Measuring economic ill-being using objective and subjective indicators: evidence for the Philippines

The mismatch between a country’s macroeconomic performance and the people’s economic well-being represents the overall economic ill-being in a society. This mismatch is measurable using objective indicators such as the inflation rate and the joblessness rate as well as subjective indicators such as personal evaluations on the inflation and joblessness rates. That is, the inflation rate shows the affordability of goods and services; and the subjective evaluation indicates whether people see the goods and services as affordable or not. In addition, the joblessness rate indicates the portion of the labor force that does not enjoy gainful employment; and the subjective evaluation indicates whether people see themselves as jobless or not. The results for the Philippines show a high-level of overall economic ill-being especially in the decade covering 2005 to 2014. This finding unveils a different scene from what the mainstream discourses are portraying as the current state of the Philippine society.     

体面劳动问题研究的新进展与未来研究展望

全球化加剧了劳资关系的不平衡状态,强资本弱劳工的局面得以维护并日益加强,资方为追求利益最大化而忽视劳动者利益的事情屡屡发生。随着转型时期经济社会改革的深入推进,劳资关系问题也越来越引起人们的关注并成为社会的焦点问题之一,全面实现体面劳动成为各级政府的重要方针,企业、各类劳动组织以及劳动者都对实现体面劳动发出了强烈的呼声。金融危机后体面劳动研究有了新进展,未来体面劳动问题研究也大有可为。     

中国经济走势分析(1998—2002)——兼论以住宅金融创新为突破口实现城乡就业联动

本文首先分析了 2 0 0 1年在世界经济增速减缓中 ,中国经济显似“一枝独秀”。然而 ,就中国经济的自身情况看 ,仍存在着一些值得重视的问题。本文进一步考察了近几年来中国经济增长的特点 ,并提出今后发展的逻辑思路 :扩大就业问题 ,包括城镇人员就业与农村劳动力向城镇转移 ,是下一步中国经济增长中需要解决的一个突出问题 ;这主要靠城镇产业结构的升级来拉动 ;而这又要靠城镇消费结构的升级来拉动 ;住宅业的发展是城镇消费结构升级的一个重要内容 ;在提高和培育居民购买力的过程中 ,住宅金融创新是关键的一环 ;通过住宅金融创新 ,推动城镇住宅业的发展和我国城市化的进程 ,可以做到以城带乡 ,以乡促城 ,实现城乡就业联动 ;由此 ,推动中国经济实现新一轮的快速增长。     

无锡高新区物联网产业发展的态势分析

发展新兴产业有利于带动地区经济、推动经济转型。物联网产业是一个有着巨大经济和社会效益的新兴产业,符合现阶段我国的发展要求。文章首先概要介绍物联网技术及产业发展现状,其次将无锡高新区作为分析单位,采用态势分析法(SWOT)对其培育和发展物联网产业的内部优势与劣势,外部机遇和挑战作了分析,并据此提出下一步发展应采取的战略和具体措施,为实践提供启示。     

我国劳动收入比重偏低的成因分析——基于劳动力市场的视角

近年来我国劳动收入在初次分配中的比重呈下降趋势。劳动收入比重偏低会对收入分配公平、消费投资平衡和经济增长质量产生负面影响。文章基于劳动力市场的视角对我国劳动收入比重偏低的成因进行了理论研究,并采用我国2000-2011年省级面板数据,构建了一个劳动收入比重决定模型,实证检验了经济发展过程中,二元经济转型和劳动力市场分割对我国劳动收入比重变化的影响。研究结果表明,我国劳动收入比重偏低是二元经济转型的特定发展阶段和劳动力市场分割的制约力量协同作用的结果。在二元经济转型过程中,劳动收入比重的变化趋势呈U型规律。我国劳动收入比重偏低的原因在于,劳动力市场城乡分割和劳动力市场行政垄断行业分割延缓了二元经济转型进程,增加了劳动收入比重在下降阶段的停留时间。因此,稳定我国劳动收入比重的关键是削弱劳动力市场分割,加快二元经济转型。