差异化竞争的两种理论解释及其启示意义

差异化竞争的基本原理有着广泛的应用价值，从理论上剖析该原理的内涵将有助于对其应用领域的拓展。产业组织理论和组织生态理论分别对差异化竞争理论从不同角度提出了各自的解释，从而为差异化理论在企业实践、产业规划等方面的应用提供了新的视角。     

中国证券公司发展战略研究

在政府监管部门的推动下,行业集中度偏低的我国证券业进入了一个优胜劣汰的时代,文章首先应用产业组织理论从证券规模集中度和证券公司业务集中度分析入手,进行了行业集中度分析,并结合证券公司产品差异化分析,最终完成了我国证券业目前的市场结构分析,接着运用波特的五力模型进一步对我国证券业的竞争状况进行深入分析,从而得出我国证券业未来发展方向的预测和我国证券公司可行的竞争战略结论。     

高新技术产业集群竞争优势分析

以产业组织理论和产业集群理论为理论基础,应用产业组织理论的SCP框架,即从市场结构、市场行为、市场绩效3个方面系统地分析了高新技术产业集群的竞争优势,为加速产业结构调整,发挥高新技术产业集群优势,实现区域经济由依靠低成本集群向培育创新型集群的转变提供决策支持。     

新疆番茄产业未来竞争战略的选择

本文分析了新疆番茄产业的组织特征,分析了新疆番茄产业发展中存在的主要问题,分析评价了新疆番茄加工业可供选择的总成本领先战略和差异化战略,指出差异化战略是新疆番茄加工业未来竞争战略的必然选择,并提出了相应的对策建议。     

银行业产业组织理论综述

银行业产业组织理论的发展源于产业组织理论,是产业组织理论在银行业的具体应用。分别比较国内外的相关研究,发现国外文献侧重于理论的演进,主要是从市场集中度,银行业的竞争和银行业的绩效三个方面进行论述,而国内的文献则偏重于实证研究,普遍从市场结构、市场行为和市场绩效的角度对中国银行业产业组织进行具体的论述,并给出相关的政策建议。     

基于SCP范式的我国科技企业孵化器产业发展分析

运用现代产业组织理论中的SCP范式对我国科技企业孵化器产业的发展进行分析。首先从产业规模和产业集中度两个方面分析了我国科技企业孵化器的市场结构;接着从运营机制和产品差异化两个方面分析我国科技企业孵化器的市场行为,并讨论了我国科技企业孵化器的市场绩效;最后总结了我国科技企业孵化器产业的特点、成就以及存在的不足。     

差异化战略与竞争优势的可持续性——理论与案例研究

将产品本身的差异性引入霍特林模型,并以深圳华强北电子卖场和小米手机为案例对象,剖析了其差异化战略,从理论和案例两个方面对差异化战略形成的竞争优势的特点进行初步探索。结果显示:与低成本战略相比,差异化战略带给企业的是能实现可持续发展的竞争优势,能使企业在竞争中获得稳定的垄断势力,从而保持较高的盈利水平。最后提出企业实施差异化战略的建议。     

基于有效竞争的西安市医药零售业产业组织合理化分析

基于对有效竞争与产业组织合理化理论的分析,结合西安医药零售业产业组织现状,通过研究有效竞争理论与医药零售产业组织合理化的内在关联,以期找到适于西安医药零售业产业组织合理化的标准及目标模式。     

论市场进入程度

本文的分析表明:当市场进入的沉淀成本、需求状况、产品差异化以及企业家能力等这些影响市场进入程度的因素由外生变量变为内生变量时,市场进入程度也随之发生改变.基于促进市场形成有效竞争为出发点,从产业组织政策和企业竞争战略两个角度,本文提出了我国避免过度竞争和过度垄断的对策选择.     

企业需要实施差异化战略

当今世界,企业之间从价格竞争逐渐转向非价格竞争。差异化战略的实施可以使企业之间展开良性的非价格竞争,它为各个企业的发展以及产业进步提供了更广阔的空间。本文从企业进行差异化战略的原因、实施等方面入手,阐明了企业如何实施此战略,从而为企业的自身发展起到战略规划的作用。     

Austrian economics and value judgments: a critical comparison with Neoclassical Economics

This article points out the limits of Austrian economics as far as the passage from positive to normative economics is concerned. We propose a comparison with neoclassical economics and discuss the different theoretical solutions adopted by these two schools of thought in their legitimization of the normative discourse. The bridge from positive to normative economics is analyzed as resting upon two interdependent pillars, one of a technical nature, the other of an ethical one. In neoclassical theory, these two pillars are, respectively, the Pareto principle and the so-called minimal benevolence principle. In the case of Austrian economics, they are the coordination principle and a set of value judgments considered to be ‘quasi-universal’. One problem for Austrian economics is that the coordination principle turns out to be incompatible with process analysis, the latter being a central tenet of the Austrian theory. A second problem, which creates serious difficulties for both schools, has to do with distribution. Our thesis is that whereas the neoclassical solution of the distributive problem is formally consistent (although deeply unrealistic), the Austrian solution is theoretically untenable and based on strong, although implicit, value judgments.     

危机事件中的政府公共关系应对原则

政府应对各种公共危机的表现成为民众视线的聚焦点,影响民众对政府形象的评定,因此政府危机公关势在必行。政府的危机公关应在具体应对中践行第一时间原则、信息透明原则、开放性原则、多渠道传播原则、树立表率原则和人性化原则。     

从系统论角度分析和认识科学发展观

科学发展观是一项复杂的社会系统工程,它必须深刻揭示社会整体系统中各子系统间的相互关系与子系统中各因素间的关系,探讨协调这些关系的理论和方法。笔者应用系统理论对科学发展观进行研究,分析了科学发展观的系统特征及其系统动力机制;从协同原理和支配原理探讨了科学发展观的系统演化原理。     

试论稳健性原则及其现实运用

稳健性原则是企业会计核算和信息披露所遵循的一条重要会计原则.稳健性原则的产生和广泛应用有其深刻的经济背景和哲学基础,稳健性原则在我国会计准则和制度中得到了越来越广泛的应用.本文试图从理论与实际相结合的角度,来分析和探讨稳健性原则在我国的现实运用.     

发展观的历史演进述评

无论是发展的内涵,还是对发展的研究方法,都受一定价值观念的指导。战后,发展观的演进经历了经济发展、社会发展、环境与可持续发展和人类发展四个阶段,其演进的一条主线是将先前在新古典经济学中所忽略的因素逐步地纳入经济分析的框架,更加重视经济发展分析中的规范性前提及其所产生的影响,使发展现更加彰显人文主义精神。发展现的演进说明,发展既是一个历史过程,也是社会进步和人类美好生活的目标,发展的道德价值与效率原则共同构成了衡量发展质量的双重标准。     

中小企业生态位原理与识别体系研究

中小企业在长期的生存、发展和演进过程中,逐渐形成综合表现与反映自身的资源格局、功能地位和作用的生态位。中小企业生态位基本原理,可归纳为重叠与竞争原理、维度原理、宽度原理、动变与错位原理。识别中小企业生态位,需要构建相应的识别体系,包括内容识别、外部环境识别、功能机制识别三个层面。     

Children and Theories of Social Justice

This paper is about children as subjects of social justice. It argues that economic welfare theory, utilitarianism, and other theories of justice based on utility theory assume rational individuals with stable preferences, and therefore cannot be applied to children. Libertarian justice treats children as possessions of the parents without rights of their own. A Rawlsian social contract, on the other hand, can be extended to include children. The main part of the paper consists of an attempt to sketch such an extension. It argues that justice to children is basic to Rawlsian justice, and that the Rawlsian case for equality is strengthened when children are taken into account. The principle of extensive liberty, when applied to children, must imply that children cannot properly be regarded as the possession of their parents.     

The Economics of Trade Disputes, the GATT's Article XXIII, and the WTO's Dispute Settlement Understanding

Economic theory has yet to provide a convincing argument that can explain why the threat of retaliation under the GATT/WTO dispute settlement procedures is not sufficient to prevent countries from violating the agreement. We consider the question of why countries violate the agreed–upon rules in the face of explicit provisions which allow them to legally adjust their trade policy. Using the GATT/WTO institutional structure and the guiding principle of reciprocity, we provide a theory suggesting when countries will choose to implement protection in violation of GATT/WTO rules, as opposed to under the relevant safeguards provisions, when trade policy adjustments are necessary between "negotiating rounds."     

Encompassing and rational expectations: How sequential corroboration can imply refutation

Even though pieces of empirical evidence individually may corroborate an economic theory, their joint existence may refute that same theory. Testing of rational expectations models provides a concrete illustration of this principle. Surprisingly, empirical refutation of a rational expectations model may occur without having to estimate that model, and the refutation may be for a large class of expectations-based models and not just for a particular model specification. Narrow money demand in the United Kingdom illustrates such refutation. The general proposition concerning corroboration and refutation strongly favors the building of empirical models that are consistent with all available evidence. First version received: July 1994/final version received: July 1997