结构性减税政策的成效分析及税制结构优化对策

为应对国际金融危机对我国经济的冲击,08年中央经济工作会议上首次提出"结构性减税",在金融危机大潮已退,结构性减税政策已实施3余年之际,对结构性减税政策的实施效果进行分析,总结反思结构性减税运用的得失,对于进一步减轻居民税负,促进经济持续健康发展,完善税制结构具有重大意义。     

有关结构性减税政策的文献综述

自2004年以来,中国采取了一系列的结构性减税政策来应对当前复杂的经济问题。可以说结构性减税政策已经成为了当前中国税制改革的主旋律。特别是在接下来的五年中,结构性减税政策将在调结构促发展上发挥很大的作用。而结构性减税政策的研究则可以探索如何在社会的进程中最大限度地发挥税收手段对于经济的调节作用。国内外学者对结构性减税政策展开了大量的研究。     

结构性货币政策、产业结构升级与经济稳定

在经济"新常态"背景下,我国央行新创设了定向降准、再贷款和常备借贷便利等结构性货币政策工具,以促进产业结构优化升级。通过在动态随机一般均衡模型中引入负外部性产业与为之提供针对性信贷的垄断竞争银行部门,本文对两类数量型和两类价格型结构性货币政策促进产业结构升级和经济稳定的有效性进行了深入分析。基于贝叶斯参数估计和数值模拟分析,四类结构性货币政策对于不同的外生冲击均有效,且主要通过定向影响金融机构的运营成本而起到信贷结构调整和产业结构升级的作用。基于改进的政策前沿曲线评判框架,本文发现,非对称地实施结构性货币政策更能兼顾经济稳定和产业结构升级。     

基于国内经济形势下行的视角，对结构性减税的制度探究

2013年度,全球经济低速增长,经济活力减弱,国际环境充满复杂性和不确定性;国内调控房地产市场,改善投融资平台风险,综合因素下,国内经济面临较大下行压力,出现了明显的GDP增速放缓现象。2013年结构性减税作为宏观调控的主要手段,对刺激经济,扩大内需有重要作用。结合中国经济形势就如何理解结构性减税、结构性减税的原因及背景、实施结构性减税的进程以及完善中国结构性减税的建议进行较深入的分析。     

优化结构,合理减税——对当前结构性减税的思考

2008年美国金融危机的影响已经席卷全球,蔓延至今.受危机冲击,中国经济发展也遭遇了改革开放以来的最大难关,为应对金融危机,我国政府出台了一系列配套措施刺激经济、拉动内需,其中,结构性减税是一项重要工作.我国为什么要实行结构性减税,与世界其他国家相比,我国实行结构性减税面临哪些不同困难,笔者在对这些问题进行了深入思考之后,为我国更好地实行的结构性减税做出建议.     

PPI与CPI背离、金融摩擦异质性与货币政策选择

2011年下半年到2016年初PPI与CPI长时间持续背离的现象一直受到社会各界普遍关注.本文从大宗商品价格、上下游生产结构与金融摩擦异质性视角分析了这一现象,并探讨了货币政策规则的选择.研究发现:(1)负向大宗商品价格冲击导致PPI的下降,由此带来的货币政策宽松与中国结构性金融摩擦分别从需求端和成本端拉升了 CPI,从而导致PPI与CPI的反向背离,这为PPI与CPI的背离提供了新的理论解释.(2)本文比较了盯住PPI通胀、CPI通胀以及两者加权通胀的货币政策规则,发现盯住加权通胀带来的福利损失最小,表明央行在稳定CPI的同时,也应重视对PPI的稳定.(3)本文比较了价格型与数量型货币政策工具,结果表明从福利角度看,价格型货币政策工具显著优于数量型工具.此外,本文强调了上下游金融摩擦异质性这一结构性特征对认识中国经济现象以及制定政策的重要含义.     

税制改革背景下的结构性减税政策研究

结构性减税政策,是"有增有减,结构性调整"的一种税制改革方案,在西方供给学派传统减税理论基础上,结合我国实际的税制状况,提出应继续坚持结构性减税的政策,这在深化税制改革的同时,客观上也有利于优化我国经济结构的调整。     

结构性减税对我国社会固定资产投资的影响分析

固定资产投资是推动经济增长的重要动力,以社会固定资产投资为考察对象检验结构性减税政策的实施效果对于我国减税降费政策的完善和持续性推行有重要意义.结合经济理论,本文将现行税种分为五类,以2009-2019年的宏观经济数据为样本实证探究结构性减税政策对社会固定资产投资的影响效应.结果显示:流转税、所得税、资源税每变动1％,社会固定资产投资相应变动-0.87％,0.797％和0.734％.基于实证结果,本文认为应调整现行税制结构,注重实质性减税.     

经济波动、税收政策与结构性减税

运用包括税收政策在内的宏观经济政策来熨平经济波动成为各国宏观调控的重要手段。西方各经济学派关于税收政策在总量和微观上应用观点不尽一致,但总体认为税收政策是有一定功效的。中国运用税收政策进行宏观经济调控走过了从起步阶段、初试阶段、理智回归阶段到理智运用阶段,结构性减税政策的实施更是进行宏观经济调控的集大成。当前应有效地实施结构性减税措施,准确把握结构性减税以及结构性减税的执行力度,减少效用损失,同时考虑当前的财政承受能力。     

韩国应对疫情的经济政策

本文通过梳理"韩国版新政"推出的社会背景以及韩国受疫情影响结构性转变的特征,发现此次新政的主要目的在于应对新冠肺炎疫情对韩国经济和结构大转型的冲击,主要内容包括数字新政、绿色新政和强化安全网三大政策方向,且新政的实施对韩国未来的经济社会,未来的产业、行政的创新、人-环境-协调发展以及韩国民生有着积极深远的影响.     

Impact of federalism on the state legislature

The concept of federalism has been through numerous machinations and continues to evolve as our nation grows and matures. Legislators at all levels and the public must decide which level of government can best mandate, administer, and pay for health care.     

The Impact of Competitiveness on the Shadow Economy

International Advances in Economic Research - The shadow economy absorbs critical resources from the formal economy and to a certain extent impedes the implementation of policies that are necessary...     

Sizing Up the Impact of Embassies on Exports

The purpose of this study is to test for the effects of trade promotion via the foreign service. The theory of trade with heterogeneous firms predicts that unilateral trade promotion allows medium‐sized firms to export. We investigate the effects of trade promotion using firm‐level data and information on the opening and closing of embassies abroad from the very similar neighboring countries Sweden and Norway. We use a difference‐in‐difference specification where firms from Norway are used as a control group for Swedish firms. Our results show that large firms as well as medium‐sized firms respond to the opening of embassies.     

Discussion on the Impact of Revaluing Chinese Currency

This paper discusses how the threat of revaluing Chinese currency would impact China and world＇s economy. The author discusses the issue from 5 perspectives. （1）Revaluing Chinese currency（the renminbi, RMB）would decreases China＇s export and increases its import, which will lead to reduce its foreign exchange reserves, and then bring about import decreasing. China＇s economy will get into recession. China＇s export decreasing means other countries＇ import that come from china will reduce and bring about unfavorable influence on international trade. （2） The RMB appreciation will make re-export products dearer and make China less attractive to foreign investment. （3） Both China＇s banking system and its capital market are under-developed. Revaluing RMB will destabilize China financial market, even though world financial market. （4） If the risk comes from revaluing the RMB become true, it will hinder the transformation of the China＇s foreign exchange system. （5） Priced Chinese exports due to revaluing the RMB will worsen China＇s already grim employment situation. Since above negative influences will produce from Revaluing the RMB, it is wise for China to choose stabilizing the RMB rather then Revaluing the RMB.     

外商直接投资对可持续发展影响的研究综述

外商直接投资对可持续发展的影响是制定吸收FDI政策的主要依据之一。可持续发展包括经济增长、社会发展和环境保护三个方面。学界对外商直接投资对经济增长和社会发展的影响关注很多,但对环境保护的影响关注比较少。     

Impact of the economic downturn on nursing schools

The challenges posed by the economic downturn on baccalaureate nursing schools in the southeast as it relates to their perceptions of changes in the number of applicants, acceptance rates, employer recruitment efforts, and student clinical and job placement were explored. Responses from deans and program directors indicated nursing schools are experiencing negative effects of the economic downturn in the form of graduates having difficulty finding employment, decreased recruitment efforts from prospective employers, difficulty locating clinical placements for students, and no change in faculty applicants despite an increase in undergraduate student applicants as well as graduate student applicants. These multiple factors combined could signal the death knell for programs that are ill-prepared to deal with such a crisis. Programs need to be aggressive in their efforts to draw health care recruiters as well as qualified faculty applicants to their campuses. Nursing schools must be able to clearly show why their graduates are superior to other programs' graduates when competing for both highly qualified faculty applicants and prospective student employers.