生态文明、生态产业与西部大开发

西部地区生态环境脆弱的现实决定了西部大开发的核心是生态环境的恢复与重建,将其与农民的脱贫相结合、与农业和农村经济的发展相结合,使农民成为发展生态产业和进行生态环境建设的主体。同时,西部大开发必须进行观念创新,逐步树立生态文明观,通过发展生态产业的主体产业－－生态农业,实现西部地区的农业和生态环境的协调发展。     

半干旱黄土丘陵沟壑区生态产业一体化探析

在分析生态产业概念的基础上,从半干旱黄土丘陵沟壑区的自然特点出发,分析了区域生态环境及资源环境的特点、优势及不足,分析了影响生态产业发展的主要约束条件。在流域尺度内,提出了适宜发展的三大产业,即旱作农产业、草畜产业和林果产业,分析了产业发展的前景与策略。在建设生态和发展产业的具体实践中,要充分考虑生态与产业的紧密结合,使生态建设融于产业发展之中,在发展产业中实现资源的生态价值和经济价值。     

论西部生态环境建设与可持续发展

建设良好的生态环境是实现西部地区乃至全国可持续发展的前提条件。本文论述了生态环境建设在西部开发中的重要性，分析了西部生态建设的现状和存在的主要问题，从制定保护生态环境的政策规定，加大生态建设投资、提高生态科技创新水平等几个方面提出了改善西部生态建设、实现可持续发展的相关措施。     

基于生态文明建设的江苏海洋经济高质量发展研究

随着国家生态文明建设步伐的深入，江苏省生态文明建设在“263”专项行动等一系列措施的加持下，环境改善与监管、污染治理、制度法规跟进等方面取得了一定的成绩，既为江苏省海洋经济在规模扩展、结构优化、产业发展跟进与空间布局优化、资金投入与科技创新、海洋生态保护等方面实现高质量发展提供了有利的生态环境条件，又为江苏立足现有海洋产业发展条件，通过海洋生态产业化实现其海洋经济高质量发展目标奠定了坚实的环境基础。     

生态兴,文明兴——中央生态环保督察成效综述之四

生态兴则文明兴,生态衰则文明衰。中华民族向来尊重自然、热爱自然,绵延5000多年的中华文明孕育着丰富的生态文化。然而,在工业飞速发展、城市快速扩张的过程中,自然生态也面对着巨大的压力,极度脆弱。生态文明建设是关系中华民族永续发展的根本大计,作为开创性的制度设计,中央生态环保督察推动全国各地像保护眼睛一样保护生态环境,像对待生命一样对待生态环境,给自然生态留下休养生息的时间和空间。     

基于生态文明的西部地区县域经济发展路径探析

以生态文明为切入点，分析了生态文明与西部地区县域经济发展的相互关系，提出了基于生态文明的西部地区县域经济发展的实现路径，包括加强生态环境保护与建设，大力发展生态产业，倡导绿色低碳消费，构建生态文化体系等，为西部地区建设生态文明、促进县域经济发展指明了方向。     

西部大开发与湖北环境保护和生态建设

通过研究湖北省生态环境的特点及当前主要生态问题。提出在加快湖北西部发展的大开发过程中注意生态保护和生态建设的对策措施。     

走和谐发展的生态文明之路

作为一种新的文明形态,生态文明尚无范例可循,从理论到实践都需要作艰难探索。生态文明与工业文明,首先分野在对人与自然关系的认识。工业文明立足于对自然的征服和改造,而生态文明则要求人类寻求与生态环境的和谐,因为生态环境是人类生存和发展的基础。     

生态产业演进机制研究

在界定生态产业概念的基础上,归纳了生态产业的主要特征,分析了生态产业演进机制,进而提出:人类最大化满足自身需求的内在冲动与自然资源、生态环境危机的外在压力是生态产业演进的压力机制,生态技术革新所隐含的潜在收入流是生态产业演进的内在动力机制,政府的产权保护立法和产业政策导向是生态产业演进的保障机制。     

西部经济和生态环境互动模式:产业互动视角的分析

西部地区生态环境的脆弱性决定了西部地区在工业化过程中不能走"先污染、后治理"的发展模式,而应该强化经济与生态环境的互动发展.产业互动是经济与生态环境互动发展的重要组成部分,产业互动的思路是按循环经济的理念推进产业结构优化,依据比较优势原则发展西部特色产业作为依托点,以建立生态工业园作为产业互动的新载体.     

我国房地产税制的现状及改革构想

房地产税制是维护房地产市场公平竞争，实现国家对房地产业宏观调控的有力杠杆。然而，我国现行的房地产税制却存在税费不分、税制不统一、税制结构不合理等诸多问题。严重影响了其对房地产业应有的宏观调控作用。因此，适时地推进房地产税制的改革应是当务之急，应统一内外税制，合理界定税费的范围，建立统一、规范、合理的房地产税收体系。     

The Change in Productive Efficiency in Telecommunications in the United States

The question addressed here is whether the adoption of incentive regulation, which has become an important regulatory tool in the telecommunications industry in the USA, has resulted in a change in the technical efficiency of local exchange carriers in the USA. After providing an overview of the nature of incentive regulation, a methodology for measuring technical efficiency and its change is introduced. This is a multiple-output/multiple-input distance function approach to measuring technical efficiency. The results of implementing this approach for 19 local exchange carriers for the 1988-2001 period indicate that in the production of local service, intrastate toll/access service, and interstate access to local loops, there was no change in technical efficiency between the 1988-1990 period and the 1991- 2001 period, something that incentive regulation was specifically designed to promote.     

Age Discrimination in Employment in Canada

Issues pertaining to age discrimination in employment in Canada are analyzed with a view toward highlighting lessons that may be learned from the Canadian experience—an experience that is taking on increased policy importance. Reasons for the increased attention to age discrimination issues are outlined, followed by a portrayal of the age discrimination legislation and court interpretations in Canada, especially as they pertain to mandatory retirement. Enforcement aspects are discussed, as is the evidence on age discrimination in employment and the effectiveness of legislation with respect to age discrimination and mandatory retirement. The article concludes with a discussion of the lessons to be learned from the Canadian experience, especially with respect to the poorly understood but complicated relationship between age discrimination and mandatory retirement. Policy recommendations for strengthening age discrimination legislation are also outlined. (JEL J14 , J24 , J71 )     

Inequalities in Income Distribution in Slovenia

This article presents an empirical analysis of income distribution based on income tax data for Slovenia in 1991-2000. It presents evidence of rising inequalities in income distribution (gross income, gross wages and pensions). These results are supported by coefficients of variation, Gini coefficients and by the Lorenz curves. Inequalities increased rapidly in the 1991 to 1993 period. After a significant decrease in 1994 and a steady increase from 1995 to 2000, the peak value from 1993 was not surpassed. Atkinson's requirements for dominance comparisons are not violated. Inequalities are also present in the distribution of the benefits of economic growth among income groups.     

上海生态农业发展影响因素研究

文章分析了上海生态农业发展的影响因素,并利用计量模型进行检验,认为影响上海生态农业发展的主要因素有农业基础设施、农业劳动力资源、农业产业化水平、农业科技实力状况。     

The Change in Productive Efficiency in Telecommunications in the United States

The question addressed here is whether the adoption of incentive regulation, which has become an important regulatory tool in the telecommunications industry in the USA, has resulted in a change in the technical efficiency of local exchange carriers in the USA. After providing an overview of the nature of incentive regulation, a methodology for measuring technical efficiency and its change is introduced. This is a multiple-output/multiple-input distance function approach to measuring technical efficiency. The results of implementing this approach for 19 local exchange carriers for the 1988–2001 period indicate that in the production of local service, intrastate toll/access service, and interstate access to local loops, there was no change in technical efficiency between the 1988–1990 period and the 1991–2001 period, something that incentive regulation was specifically designed to promote.     

Payment Systems in Countries in Transition

MOCT-MOST: Economic Policy in Transitional Economies -     

Public participation in forestry in Turkey

Recently public participation in forestry has been seriously considered in Turkey. Participation is however quite a challenge for a country with a long tradition of top-down management and a strong bottom-up dependence on public provisioning. In such a setting, it may not be surprising that the experiences with public participation in forestry in Turkey are mixed. There are some positive initiatives like the creation of farmer's cooperatives and NGOs, but their role is quite limited and small of scale. This paper is bringing together different views based on existing studies in Turkish related to Turkey's experience with implementing public participation in forestry.