车险费率市场化探析

我国机动车辆保险的条款与费率在2003年月1月1日以前,一直由政府主管部门统一制定,各保险企业严格执行,这种严格管制的做法带来许多弊端。实际上,车险费率市场化可以改变严格管制带来的种种不足之处,可以促进保险产品的多元化发展而且有助于保险市场的有序、健康发展。但是,通过对保险市场运行状况的考察,可以看出车险费率市场化不能做到一步到位。因此,目前我国保险市场尚不成熟,尚不具备费率市场化的全部条件。     

论保险费率市场化

保险费率是保险商品的价格 ,从理论上讲 ,价格应该通过市场形成和调节 ,即实行保险费率市场化 ,保险监管机关不应过多干预 ,但是从影响费率和费率厘定的因素、我国保险市场发展现状以及费率市场化所需要的条件来看 ,我国目前的保险费率市场化时机还不成熟 ,费率市场化应是我国保险业今后一个时期的努力方向     

车险费率的市场化

一、车险费率市场化的概念车险费率市场化不是指费率自由化。市场化的基本原则是保险费应当与保险标的所面临的危险程度相适应，其核心内容是指细分市场风险，并依据赔付率的状况来厘定费率，使费率更贴近市场的需求。１．定价的原则。保险公司在制定车险费率时，应充分考虑保险车辆的风险因素、被保险人的安全记录和自身的管理情况，兼顾“从车”和“从人”因素，充分体现费率厘定的公平、公正、客观原则。２．均衡价格的制定。保险公司费率厘定的目标是开发一种使保险人在进行业务竞争的同时获取合理的经营利润的费率结构。费率应稳定、敏…     

寡头垄断的保险市场及其监管

借鉴经济学中关于寡头垄断竞争的分析，可判断中国目前的保险市场已经进入寡头垄断阶段判断。在寡头垄断的格局下保险监管面临着必须破解的难题。解决此问题的方法是，在向偿付能力监管的过渡过程中，利用费率底线监管，在鼓励保险市场竞争的同时，限制保险市场的恶意竞争，促使中小保险公司走险种差异化的道路，使整个保险市场形成垄断主导、中小保险公司以差异求生存的市场格局。     

保险费率市场化改革的时机、路径与步骤

从目前的保险市场实践看，保险费率市场化的时机已日趋成熟。我国现有的经济金融条件决定我国保险费率市场化改革应以渐进的方式进行。建立和实行多层次的弹性费率体系，扩大保险费率浮动权，制定体现地域差别的保险费率制度，保险同业协会制定指导性费率，最终达到保险公司自主确定费率的改革的目标。     

新时期浅谈汽车保险

新保险法已经实施 ,中国保险市场的竞争日趋激烈 ,特别是车险费率市场化改革后 ,各家财产保险公司推出了各自开发的新的车险产品 ,使车险市场的竞争异常激烈。一、国外的汽车保险1.美国 :典型的费率计算方法。美国被称为是“轮子上的国家” ,几乎每个人都拥有一辆汽车。作为世界第一汽车大国的美国 ,其汽车保险被认为是世界上最为完善和规范的。美国经过许多年发展形成了一套复杂但又相当科学的费率计算方法 ,这套方法可以代表着国际车险市场上的最高水平 ,下面主要介绍美国的车险费率计算方法。尽管美国各州车险费率的计算方法有差异 ,但是…     

财险市场价格战何时休

随着我国保险业市场化改革的不断深入,保险市场的竞争越来越激烈,广东及深圳地区实施车险费率市场化改革以来,价格竞争已逐渐成为财产保险公司频繁使用的策略,在一定范围内,竞争达到了无序化的程度。2003年1月,实施了新的保险法和车险管理改革制度,无序的价格竞争有所遏制,但保险业深层次的问题尚未得到根除。     

论我国保险费率市场化

《保险法》的最新修订使我国保险费率市场化正式揭开序幕。我国对入世承诺的履行要求、市场竞争的加剧以及现行费率管制的缺陷都必然要求我们加快实现费率市场化。在短期内 ,我国费率市场化会产生费率水平下降、保险公司经营困难以及保险市场规模扩大等效应。费率市场化会对保险公司的盈利能力、竞争手段、经营管理水平及保险监管等带来严峻的挑战 ,因此 ,要采取一系列有效的措施使费率市场化能够顺利进行。     

中国车险费率发展轨迹及效果分析

中国自2003年开始实行车险费率制度改革以来,已取得初步的成效,但仍然存在费率不合理、准备金不足等问题。鉴于此,主要探究中国车险费率的发展轨迹,并对其效果分析,进而提出进一步深化费率改革的建议。     

我国资本市场融券费率定价问题研究

融资融券交易是普遍存在于成熟资本市场的一种信用交易制度。融资的标的为资金,利率较易确定;而融券的标的为证券,其价格具有较强的波动性,费率确定相对复杂。本文基于期权视角,综合利用我国资本市场股指收益率数据及同业拆借市场利率数据,对融券费率进行了定价计算,认为现行融券费率明显偏高,且费率定价机制存在不合理性。     

保险公司偿付能力监管:国际趋势及其对我国的启示

偿付能力监管是保险业监管的核心内容.目前,国际上有代表性的偿付能力监管模式包括以欧盟偿付能力I为代表的基于业务量的模式和以美国风险资本为代表的基于风险的模式.在保险业发展过程中,基于风险的模式将成为保险公司偿付能力监管的趋势.在我国完善保险公司偿付能力监管体系的过程中,应充分借鉴国外已经取得的成果和经验.     

我国保险监管问题研究

在保险经营全球化和国际化的背景下,国际保险监管的组织形式和监管模式越来越朝着趋同的方向发展,主要表现为：关注保险公司未来的风险状况,强化风险资本监管,并实施动态的偿付能力监管。为了加强对保险公司偿付能力的监管,不断完善监管体系,自2008年9月,保监会开始实施新的监管规定——《保险公司偿付能力监管规定》,该规定将保险公司的偿付能力状况作为衡量和防范风险的核心监管依据,在保险监管制度的建设与完善过程中具有里程碑的意义。然而,我国目前的保险监管与以偿付能力为核心的监管体系还存在一定的差距,偿付能力监管制度也只初步完成了框架性的工作,还需要不断的完善和丰富。本文在分析国际保险监管制度特点及发展趋势的基础上,针对我国保险监管中实际存在的问题,提出完善我国保险监管制度的若干建议,以助于保险监管机构提高监管效率,促进我国保险业的健康和可持续发展。     

Consumer Resistance Against Regulation: The Case of Health Care

Regulation fostering Managed Care alternatives in health insurance is spreading. This work reports on an experiment designed to measure the amounts of compensation asked by the Swiss population (in terms of reduced premiums) for Managed-Care type restrictions in the provision of health care. It finds that restrictions on the freedom of physician choice would require an average compensation of more than one-third of the premium, while generic substitution even meets with a small willingness to pay. Marked preference heterogeneity is an argument against regulation imposing uniformity of contract in Swiss social health insurance.     

Solvency regulation in the property-liability insurance industry

This paper evaluates guaranty funds and solvency regulations. One main question addressed is how solvency regulations will benefit consumers. Many previous studies have found that most forms of solvency regulations do not have significant deterrent effects on insolvency. Even when solvency regulations are effective, they might still adversely affect consumers. This could happen because increasing the probability of solvency usually requires raising premiums. Therefore, it is interesting to see how regulators should design insurance regulations that benefit consumers. Insolvency of insurance firms provides a unique environment under which one is able to analyze the effects of solvency regulations and guaranty funds on the quality of insurance products and on consumers. This paper shows that guaranty funds are always desirable, but solvency regulations are of certain value only when they have the effect of protecting guaranty funds and alleviating the disincentives which they create.     

Modelling European sovereign bond yields with international portfolio effects

This paper proposes a portfolio choice model with two countries to evaluate the specific role of volatility and co-volatility risks in the formation of long-term European interest rates over the crisis and post-crisis periods with an active role of the European Central Bank. Long-term equilibrium rates depend crucially on the covariances between international bond yields anticipated by investors. Positively anticipated covariances amplify the phenomena of fundamental contagions related to the degradations of public finance and solvency of sovereign debt issuer, while negatively anticipated covariances amplify the phenomena of Flight-to-quality. The two-step econometric approach over the period January 2006 to September 2016 analyses 21 European market pairs in a bivariate GARCH framework. Empirical results show that the decline in German and French long-term rates from March 2011 is partially due to the decrease in both risk premium and covariances with periphery countries. These declines actually amplify the mechanisms of Flight-to-quality. Finally, a lower sensitivity of rate to volatility and co-volatility risks during the crisis period gives credit to the hypothesis of a occasional fragmentation of the European sovereign bond markets (De Santis and Stein, 2016, Ehrmann and Fratzscher, 2017).     

WILL TAX‐BASED HEALTH INSURANCE REFORMS HELP THE SELF‐EMPLOYED STAY IN BUSINESS?

The self‐employed face a tax‐induced disadvantage relative to wage and salary workers when it comes to the payment of health insurance premiums. This paper uses a panel of individual tax return data to test whether lower health insurance premium costs because of an expanded tax incentive result in longer periods of self‐employment. The results suggest that households claiming the deduction are indeed less likely to exit self‐employment. Equalizing the treatment of health insurance premiums for the self‐employed and wage workers by allowing full deductibility from Self‐Employment Contributions Act (SECA) taxes would result in a 7% decrease in the probability of exit. (JEL H32, I18, L26)     

Insurance Taxation and Insurance Fraud

It is common practice in the United States to impose a sales tax on insurance premiums. Insurance benefits are not taxed, and it is typically argued that they should not be taxed because they compensate for a loss. In this paper I present a case where the taxation of insurance benefits is preferable to the taxation of premiums. When insurance fraud is present—in the form of ex post moral hazard—a tax on insurance premiums increases the number of fraudulent claims in the economy, whereas a tax on insurance benefits may reduce fraud. More importantly, however, policyholders are made better off with a benefit tax than with a premium tax.     

Testing commodity futures market efficiency under time-varying risk premiums and heteroscedastic prices

We propose a novel test to measure market efficiency while estimating the time-varying risk premiums of commodity futures, given that the prices are heteroscedastic. The risk premium is estimated using a state-space model with a Kalman filter modified for heteroscedasticity. Using 79 commodity futures traded on 16 exchanges during the period 2000–2014 and a Monte Carlo simulation, we demonstrate that the proposal produces robust results compared with conventional approaches. The global financial crisis has improved the efficiency and affected the trading volumes of commodity futures, but it has had no effect on the average or the volatility of risk premiums.     

城镇居民基本医疗保险适度缴费率分析

城镇居民基本医疗保险缴费率是指把城镇居民纳入基本医疗保险体系后,从社会平均水平看,在一定时期内(通常为一个月)各参与主体为城镇居民所缴纳的基本医疗保险费占工资的比重。通过构建城镇居民基本医疗保险适度缴费率模型,根据模型对城镇居民基本医疗保险适度缴费率进行测算,对现行城镇居民基本医疗保险实际缴费率的适度状况进行了判断,并提出相应的策略选择。