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1.
经济增长理论中 ,知识外溢模型缺少对基础科学知识的分析。本文将基础研究纳入经济增长框架 ,描述基础研究影响经济增长的机制 ,讨论基础研究对长期增长的影响。通过研究得到两点结论 :第一 ,应用技术的增长受基础科学知识的制约 ,如果没有基础科学知识的增长 ,经济也不会有长期增长。第二 ,政府在经济增长中是有所作为的 ,可以通过政府干预提高长期的经济增长率。  相似文献   

2.
文化要素与经济增长   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
狭义地说,文化是世代相传下来的、规则化的"惯例",以及一套价值观念和相应伦理规范的"信仰"。关于文化对经济增长的作用机制,大致可以从三个方面给出初步解释:文化要素影响企业家职业选择和企业管理者选择机制,影响企业层次生产率,进而影响总生产率和经济增长;文化作为知识资产,以其特有的方式进入总生产函数,决定了经济增长率和增长路径;经济和文化的共生演进,将成为服务经济时代的典型化事实,并影响经济增长方式和经济竞争方式。  相似文献   

3.
投资与经济周期   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
<正> 社会主义国家事实上存在经济周期。我国研究经济周期的文章大多把投资看成形成经济周期的原因。我认为这种看法值得进一步研究。所谓经济周期,是指国民经济总量增长呈现周而复始变化的状况。它既可以用国民生产总值、国民收入、主要产业增长率来表示,也可以由投资增长率来表示。投资也是国民经济的总量之一,因而在正常情况下,用它的增长率表示的经济增长周期显然和其它总量增长率表示的周期相一致。因此,投资增长周期不过是经济增长周期的一个侧面而已,它本身就是经济增长周期的内容。如果说投资增长波动决定经济增长波动,那就等于说经济增长波动决定经济增长波动。从经济周期概念和直观的经验来看,我们是不能得出投资增长波动决定经  相似文献   

4.
流通速度与经济增长--对索洛经济增长解释框架的扩展   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
本文通过对费雪方程式的一般化抽象,将经济增长与流通速度紧密联系在一起,得到了流通方程式.根据流通方程式,资本、劳动力和技术进步三要素对经济增长的贡献等于各自存量与流通速度的乘积.在此基础上,本文通过一系列数学变换,对索洛经济增长解释框架进行了扩展,得到了新的经济增长决定函数.该决定函数提示了流通速度与经济增长的关系,即,在要素增长率特别是技术进步存量增长率一定的情况下,经济增长率取决于社会流通速度的增长率.本文还依据马克思经济学原理和现代经济学理论,进一步分析了流通速度增长率的构成,认为制度环境状况、交通基础设施(装备)条件、社会交易总量和信息技术状况是流通速度增长率的最终决定因素.  相似文献   

5.
采用罗默的思路,将经济体系分为研发部门、中间产品部门和最终产品部门,通过研发部门中人力资本的外溢性来解释经济的持续增长。在研究的过程中,将基础科学研究、应用科学研究以及试验发展研究都纳入了经济增长分析框架。通过比较静态分析来研究人力资本影响技术进步的方式,推导出三部门实现利润最大化条件,分析由人力资本外溢性导致的技术进步对经济均衡增长的影响。研究结果表明:人力资本外溢性可以解释内生的技术进步;基础科学研究人力资本比应用科学研究和试验发展人力资本具有更大的外溢性;基础科学研究人力资本对人均收入增长的影响更大。  相似文献   

6.
中国GDP增长与CPI:关系、均衡与“十二五”预期目标调控   总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8  
通货膨胀率和经济增长率之间动态关系的认识是宏观调控的基础,然而,目前在线性和静态的分析框架内未能揭示出通货膨胀和经济增长的复杂动态关系。本文运用1996—2009年GDP增长率、CPI与M2增长率的季度数据建立我国经济增长与通货膨胀的非线性动力系统模型(GDP-CPINLDS),揭示了我国最优的季度GDP增长率和CPI,以及零通货膨胀的季度GDP增长率。总体上,我国经济增长与通货膨胀处在次优化的非均衡运行状态,两者呈现出同向性变动的特点。最优调控实验表明,仅调节M2增长率不能完全实现"十二五"调控目标。文章建议"十二五"期间要以调控GDP增长为导向,以从紧货币政策为基础,配合多种调控手段,形成强有力的联合调控机制,以确保GDP增长率和CPI目标的最优实现。  相似文献   

7.
R&D模型是经济增长理论的一个重要、前沿的部分,它认为技术进步和创新是一个国家经济增长的动力。R&D模型将经济长期增长的源泉归结于知识生产函数中两种投入要素——知识和资本的规模报酬,并且把经济的长期增长模式区分成三种类型:稳定性均衡、非稳定性均衡和半稳定性均衡。文章首次对知识生产函数进行实证检验,以此来判断我国经济增长模式。通过对2004-2006年中国243个城市面板数据的研究,发现中国的经济增长模式属于稳定性均衡的类型,新知识的生产对知识和资本的规模报酬是递减的,经济会在某个增长率稳定下来,劳动力和资本存量中用于研究和开发的比例和储蓄率的上升,在长期内都不会改变这个稳定的增长率。  相似文献   

8.
近年来,中国税收呈现高增长态势。税收增长率远超经济增长率,税收高速增长以及税收结构不合理在一定程度上抑制了消费增长。然而,影响税收增长率变动的经济因素是多元的,主要受到经济增长水平、价格水平等影响。实证分析表明,经济波动决定税收增长率的变动,经济波动与税收增长率变动存在长期均衡变动关系,价格对税收增长率也有较大影响。  相似文献   

9.
中国宏观调控的常态是在高于真实潜在经济增长率上的操作,而非科学操作的根本原因是20世纪80年代所定"三步走"战略的超前实现,这导致实现现代化目标所需的必要经济增长率成为中国经济增长的下限,而宏观调控的低效性也因此而产生。而破解中国宏观调控的现代化约束的方法由此决定:一种方法是将真实潜在增长率拉升至必要经济增长率水平,这决定于经济增长的动力因素;另一种方法是秉承改革开放的实事求是传统,将真实的潜在经济增长率作为中国宏观调控的参照值。相对而言,后者应该更为容易。  相似文献   

10.
周卫民 《当代经济科学》2011,33(2):67-74,126
稳定中国经济高速增长的措施除了扩大国内需求之外,还可以从供给的角度考虑中小企业的作用。中小企业在国民经济总量中的重大贡献和中小企业内部管理不足的矛盾是影响我国经济增长趋于不稳定的一个重要因素。理论和实证分析结果表明,企业家知识溢出能力是决定企业私人知识边际产出的重要因素,中小企业主缺乏企业家的知识溢出能力是导致人均产出份额低于总量产出份额的主要原因。本文结论是我国要加大中小企业内部管理投入,促进中小企业主向企业家的实质性转变,提高中小企业主的知识产出能力,用以提高中小企业资源的使用效率,从而提高我国要素的整体使用效率,最终为稳定我国高速经济增长提供一个长远动力。  相似文献   

11.
Because the returns to successful industrial research generally enjoy a larger scale economy than that to successful scientific research, this paper shows that while economic integration increases R&D employment, it may not raise the rate of long-run economic growth owing to the shift of resources from basic scientific research to applied industrial research. In the long run, the pool of opportunity created by the former ultimately regulates the efficiency of the latter. The model also suggests a reduced incentive to subsidize basic research as a second factor that may contribute to slower technological progress after economic integration.  相似文献   

12.
This study addresses the dynamic interaction between income growth, patterns of demographic variables, and characteristics of the labor market. We attempt to provide an endogenous explanation for the origin and nature of long-run sustained oscillations in the population and in economic variables. First, we develop an economic growth model containing unemployment. The resulting dynamics reveal that the emergence of irregular sustained oscillations is related to the lack of sensitivity in wage growth to changes in the employment rate. Next, labor force growth is endogenized in the basic model through micro-founded fertility choices of individuals. By introducing the endogenous fertility rate into the basic model, we generate a demographic transition. Next, consistent with Malthusian cycle literature, the inevitable time lag between individual reproductive decisions and subsequent market needs, in conjunction with a highly specialized labor force, appear to be the primary source of such long-run oscillations. Finally, the model predicts that raising the age of entry into the labor force increases economic growth.  相似文献   

13.
R&D、R&D溢出、内生增长和内生收敛   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
根据强调知识与技术创新、知识与技术溢出重要性的当代内生增长理论,本文建立了一个将R&D和R&D溢出与资本积累之间、R&D和R&D溢出与总产出增长之间直接关联起来的动态模型。面板数据协整检验实证分析结果表明R&D和R&D溢出与资本积累之间、R&D和R&D溢出与总产出增长之间分别存在显著的正面长期协整关联。进一步的分析表明,R&D与资本积累之间、R&D与总产出增长之间分别存在显著的长期双向格兰杰因果关系。由此观知,R&D乃长期经济增长源泉之所在。另一方面,尽管资本积累或总产出增长并不格兰杰导致R&D溢出,证据表明R&D溢出格兰杰导致资本积累和总产出增长。这种由R&D溢出到资本积累和总产出增长的单向格兰杰因果关系意味着尽管知识与技术的跨国传播并非必然发生。其实为世界经济增长的重要动力。  相似文献   

14.
In this paper, we study how social status affects the impact of monetary policy on the long-run growth rate in a two-sector monetary economy with human capital accumulation, and find that the super-neutrality of money, with regard to the growth rate of the economy depends on the formation of human capital. In an economy with Lucas-type human capital formation, money is super-neutral; however, for an economy in which both physical and human capital are used as inputs for human capital accumulation, the money growth rate will have a positive effect on the long-run economic growth rate. The existence, uniqueness and saddle-path stability of balanced-growth equilibrium are also examined.  相似文献   

15.
马克思的经济增长理论模型   总被引:16,自引:0,他引:16  
马克思经过二十多年的科学拓荒,独立地开辟了后来被称为经济增长理论的新领域。在经济增长理论史上,马克思第一次将静态分析动态化、短期分析长期化,建立了第一个经济增长理论模型。马克思主义经济学家费里德曼以马克思经济增长理论模型为根据,建立了第一个经济增长数学模型。研究马克思经济增长理论模型以及后来马克思主义经济学家据此建立的经济增长数学模型,借鉴西方经济增长模型中的合理因素,从实际出发,深入探索相关理论和现实问题,对弘扬和发展马克思主义经济增长理论具有重大意义。  相似文献   

16.
转型期知识产权保护制度的增长效应研究   总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9  
知识产权保护制度是发展中国家能否克服短期技术困境、促进经济长期增长的关键因素。本文从宏观层面研究我国知识产权保护制度对经济增长的影响机制,主要贡献在于:首先通过构建知识产权保护指数,实际测算1985—2010年中国的知识产权保护程度。其次通过构建"知识—生产"两部门理论模型,分析知识产权对经济增长的影响机制。最后基于中国转型期经验数据,运用动态建模方法实证研究我国知识产权制度对经济增长的影响。研究表明,对于处于转型期的中国而言,短期内较弱的知识产权保护程度有利于经济增长,而较强的知识产权保护程度则有碍于经济增长;在长期均衡的状态下,较强的知识产权保护程度确实可以促进经济增长。  相似文献   

17.
We show in this paper that, depending on the initial distribution of material wealth and that of individuals' abilities, economies converge in the long run towards different proportions of the skilled workforce and different levels of average wealth. We also show that the growth process raises net economic mobility, the long-run proportion of the skilled population and the long-run levels of wealth held by both rich and poor dynasties. Unless the income tax rate is too high, the increase in total public funds is associated, in the long run, with higher net mobility, a larger fraction of the skilled workers and higher levels of wealth of all the dynasties. In addition, the reallocation of public expenditures from basic to advanced education can result in lower mobility, a lower long-run size of the skilled workforce, and a lower long-run level of wealth held by rich dynasties, if the transfer of resources comes at the expense of excessively lowering the quality of education at the basic schooling level.  相似文献   

18.
Commodity and asset prices have a well-documented effect on economic growth as manifested through various channels. At the same time, the business cycle influences the commodity and asset prices. Whereas empirical evidence on the effect of commodity and asset prices on the long-run economic growth is ambiguous, most of the previous researches highlight a positive correlation in the short run. The aim of this article is to disentangle the short- and long-run co-movements between US historical business cycles and commodity and asset prices over the period 1859–2013. For this purpose, we use a time–frequency approach and we test the historical influence of oil, gold, housing and stock prices over the output growth. In contrast to other studies, we control for the effect of other prices and monetary conditions, using the wavelet partial coherency. In line with the previous works, we discover that co-movements between economic growth and commodity and assets prices manifest especially in the short run. We also find that stock returns and housing prices have a more powerful effect on the US economic growth rate than the oil and gold prices. The long-run co-movements are documented especially around the World War II. Finally, when controlling for the influence of the interest rate, inflation and other commodity and asset prices, co-movements become weaker in the short run. In general, the oil and housing prices lead the GDP growth, the US output leads the gold prices, while there is no clear causality direction between business cycle and stock prices.  相似文献   

19.
Lethal model 2: the limits to growth revisited   总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7  
The author examines some major concerns about global economic growth from both theoretical and empirical points of view, using "the limits-to-growth debate as a reference point to understand the earlier debate about the limits to and perils of growth, and to provide some perspective about the newer debate about environmental threats." He concludes that environmental and resource constraints on economic growth should be modest over the next 50 years and that economic growth is possible providing emphasis is given to "the importance of careful scientific and policy analysis and establishing or strengthening institutions that contain incentives that are compatible with the thoughtful balancing of long-run costs and benefits of social investments."  相似文献   

20.
This paper presents a Kaleckian growth model that incorporates endogenous technological change. The model endogenously determines the rate of capacity utilization, the rate of economic growth, income distribution, and the employment rate in addition to technological change. The paper shows that whether or not an increase in the relative bargaining power of workers raises the long-run equilibrium unemployment rate depends on which regime is realized in the long-run equilibrium. If, for example, the long-run equilibrium corresponds to the wage-led growth regime, a rise in the relative bargaining power of workers leads to a decline in the unemployment rate. This result is never obtained from the mainstream NAIRU model.  相似文献   

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