大学技术转移网络系统分析

分析了大学技术转移网络系统的结构、功能和动力。大学技术转移网络系统在结构上可以解析为5个主体、3个子系统和3个网络;其耗散结构的特点在其外部功能上体现为自组织演化的某些可能性;进而又分析了大学—企业—政府的“三重螺旋”动力机制,将其区分为大学主导、企业主导、政府主导3种形式。最后对我国大学技术转移网络系统在政府与政策方面与美国进行了比较,指出我国现阶段的大学技术转移网络系统是一种由政府主导的“三重螺旋”驱动的被(他)组织;朝向自组织方向发展乃是大学技术转移未来长远发展的趋势和方向。     

美国大学跨学科研究组织运作模式的创新——加州格雷·戴维斯州长科学与创新研究院案例分析

大学的创新诉求要求大学开展跨学科研究，促进大学科研竞争力的实现。大学在进行跨学科研究时会选择不同的组织形式，不同的组织形式有着不同的组织运作模式。本文以美国加州格雷·戴维斯州长科学与创新研究院为例，分析了加州格雷·戴维斯州长科学与创新研究院在进行跨学科研究的组织运作模式，发现其运作模式呈现为一个三重螺旋型的运作模式，对该运作模式进行了创新三螺旋解释，并给出了结论与政策建议。     

新型城镇化与扶贫开发研究进展与展望

新型城镇化背景下,贫困地区的扶贫开发迎来了重要发展机遇期,系统研究新型城镇化与扶贫开发的互馈机制并探讨相应对策具有重要意义。文章梳理了城镇化对贫困地区经济发展、收入差距、就业结构、人口流动、基础设施和公共服务等方面的影响,以及新型城镇化在农业转移人口市民化、城乡发展一体化、优化城镇村空间格局和"四化"协同发展等方面与扶贫开发之间关系的研究进展,并进行简要的评述。在此基础上提出了以"定量评价—问题研判—理论梳理—模型构建—模式提炼—优化调控"为研究主线的探讨新型城镇化与扶贫开发互馈机制的研究范式。此外,总结了三个亟需重点突破的研究方向:1城镇化对贫困地区发展影响的定量测度及问题研判;2新型城镇化与扶贫开发融合发展的内核体系构建,新型城镇化与扶贫开发互馈机制探讨;3新型城镇化助推扶贫开发的多尺度典型地域模式提炼。     

官产学创新模式测度——基于国家级科研基金的数据分析

借鉴Leydesdorff的“三螺旋定量算法”,以广西壮族自治区为主要研究对象,以国家级科研基金项目为数据来源,通过与重庆、广东的对比分析,对其所反映的官产学互动关系进行定量研究.     

加强基层医院绩效评价体系的建立与应用

加强基层医院的绩效评价,做好"社会—经济—生态"三重绩效的理论和实际应用研究,充分体现基层医院在社会可持续发展方面的贡献和影响具有十分重要的意义。     

官产学创新模式测度

借鉴Leydesdorff的“三螺旋定量算法”，以广西壮族自治区为主要研究对象，以国家级科研基金项目为数据来源，通过与重庆、广东的对比分析，对其所反映的官产学互动关系进行定量研究。     

面向行业的三螺旋协同创新发展模型研究

在协同创新理论方面,三螺旋结构模型具有代表性。以面向行业的三螺旋协同创新发展模型为研究对象,以我国行业发展的共性特点为背景,分析了我国面向行业的科技创新情况和产学研合作现状、特点及存在的问题,构建了面向行业的三螺旋协同创新模型,在此基础上提出保障机制,以期为完善协同创新理论及其实践应用提供借鉴。     

基于三重螺旋模型的服务创新体系研究

我国的服务业在近几年虽然取得了很大的发展,但是与发达国家相比仍然滞后,这主要是由于我国服务部门改革进程缓慢,服务创新不足,导致许多服务产品质次价高乃至供不应求。因此,改进和提升我国的服务创新体系是迫切需要解决的问题。本文基于＂三重螺旋＂模型的理论,提出构建一种新型的用户—企业—政府模式的服务创新体系,以改进我国服务创新体系,提升我国服务业的发展水平和竞争能力。     

知识生产范式转型及对大学学术职业的影响

在高级知识社会，传统线性创新范式逐渐演化为以“三重螺旋”、“四重螺旋”、“五重螺旋”为典型模式的开放式创新生态系统范式。创新范式不断演化为知识生产范式转型提供了适应性情景，模式1知识生产范式开始向模式2 和模式3知识生产范式转型。模式1到模式2和模式3知识生产范式的转型，对大学学术职业产生了直接影响，“核心教职”和“终身教职”开始走向“跨界就业”或“多重就业”。     

在孵企业网络能力对创新绩效的影响

创新资源网络化配置已成为一种新型创新模式,在孵企业在创业过程中通过网络能力对外部网络关系的构建与利用会对其创新绩效产生影响,但传导机制并未得到进一步验证。基于孵化网络结构特征,探索性地从空间视角将在孵企业社会资本进行了内、外层孵化网络社会资本和跨孵化网络社会资本的三重划分,并构建了网络能力—三重社会资本—创新绩效概念模型。通过对西安市高新区国家级孵化器内291家在孵企业的实证研究表明,在孵企业网络能力对创新绩效有直接正向影响,且三重社会资本起部分中介作用。     

Well‐Being,Deprivation, and the Great Recession in the U.S.: A Study in A Multidimensional Framework

We study changes in social well‐being and deprivation in the U.S. during the Great Recession and the subsequent recovery. We outline an analytical framework for measuring well‐being and deprivation in a multidimensional fashion when data on achievement in each dimension is assumed to be ordinal and binary in nature. We use data from the American Community Survey between 2008 and 2015 and find that there was a decline in social well‐being and a rise in social deprivation in the U.S. during the recession followed by a reversal of trends during the recovery. Despite low deprivation levels among the White population, this population experienced the largest increase in deprivation during the recession and the least decline in deprivation in the recovery period. These results underscore the fact that the impact of recession and the subsequent recovery varied significantly across population groups.     

重庆市城市用地供需状况研究

首先从供给数量和供给质量两方面,分析了重庆市区城市建设用地的供给状况。耕地在重庆市城市建设用地的供给来源中占有重要地位,但供给数量有限;受重庆市区自然条件的限制,城市建设用地的质量较差,表现在坡地多、平地少,冲沟多、地块小,难建地多、宜建地少,所以,重庆市城市建设用地的供给能力相当有限。其次,分析了重庆市区城市建设用地的需求状况。从城市GDP的增长、重点建设项目和城市人均用地水平的提高这三个方面分析了城市建设用地的未来需求趋势。结论是：重庆城市建设用地的供给相当有限,而需求量很大;随着未来重庆市经济社会的发展,城市用地的供需矛盾将成为城市发展中面临的一个重大问题。从合理利用和保护土地资源,为重庆的经济发展提供用地支持和保障的角度出发,文章就此问题提出了对策和建议。     

科技投入超效率测度的偏DEA分析与资本驱动的区域协调

现有科技活动效率研究存在异质性缺陷，导致无法深入分析引发效率差异的区域演进成因。应用超效率测度理论结合偏DEA视窗法，实证分析2010—2019年全国内地30个省（市）科技活动效率的动态演化进程，并从科技资本投入视角构建面板数据方程，考察不同资本类型驱动下我国科技投入效率空间溢出的直接效应与间接效应，同时，应用Moran′sI指数衡量各省（市）科技活动效率与空间集聚关联性。研究表明：近十年来我国科技活动效率整体呈现快速上升—趋势减缓—明显下降的发展态势，其中，东北地区效率饱和，投资冗余明显；华北地区效率偏低，高效率省（市）带动能力突出；华东和中南地区效率呈螺旋式上升，区域内省（市）组团差异明显；西北地区与西南地区效率偏高，但省（市）分化差异明显。从整体看，我国科技活动效率溢出能力显著，政府资本与企业资本对总效率溢出呈正向影响；外来资本对总效率溢出无明显影响，且资本效应的空间关联性不显著，绝大多数省市的科技活动效率提升处于资本弥补阶段，极少省市处于资本驱动状态。     

Nonperforming Loans and Purchase of Loans by Public Asset Management Companies in Malaysia and Thailand

This paper explores the factors which eliminated the nonperforming loan (NPL) problem in Malaysia and Thailand following the 1997 Asian financial crisis. The number of NPL, which expanded in the aftermath of the crisis, has since declined in most South‐East Asian countries. Although previous studies have explored the causes of the increase in NPL numbers, few have analysed the factors that contributed to the reduction in their number in Asia. In Malaysia and Thailand, authorities put in place several measures to manage NPL. As a vehicle to acquire NPL from banks, Malaysia established the Pengurusan Danaharta Nasional Berhad (Danaharta) in 1998, while Thailand established the Thai Asset Management Corporation (TAMC) in 2001. We analyse whether the characteristic features of banks, improvements in macroeconomic conditions, and facilities for purchasing loans caused a reduction in the number of NPL in Malaysia and Thailand. The results suggest that selling loans to a public asset management company was effective in reducing the number of NPL in Thailand. While macroeconomic conditions influenced the decline in NPL ratios in Thailand, in Malaysia, well performing commercial banks and large commercial and investment banks generally had smaller NPL ratios throughout and following the crisis.     

Mergers and acquisition trends in Europe

The research revises, in a first step, the different European waves of mergers and acquisitions and their differences with the American waves. Mergers and acquisitions are defined as an important corporate restructuring method with four main different ways to make them. The body of this paper analyzes the merger and acquisition situation in 1994 in Europe compared with the situation in previous years. Mergers and acquisitions activity in major European countries in 1993 and 1994, various volume transactions in mergers and acquisitions activity, cross-border deals in Europe between 1989 and 1994, and the big buyers in cross-border deals in 1994 are analyzed. The paper also emphasizes the different characteristics and their evolution.     

完善社会主义市场经济条件下的财税新体制

１９９４年的财税体制改革是历年来财税体制改革的根本性突破，本又概述；市场经济条件下财税的基本特征，指出了财税体制改革的主要内容和已经取得的主要进展，最后着重分析了我国新的财税体制在运行中存在的矛盾和问题，并相应地提出了解决问题的若干建议。     

CYCLICAL FLUCTUATIONS IN FACTOR SHARES AND THE SIZE DISTRIBUTION OF INCOME

The way in which cyclical fluctuations in activity in the U.K. economy affect factor income shares and the channels through which these effects work through to the size distribution of income are traced. Using National Accounts data, the impact of an upturn in activity in increasing the shares of profits and self-employment income in factor incomes, and of self-employment and rent, interest and dividends in personal incomes, is quantified. Using Family Expenditure Survey micro-data, the resulting shift in decile shares in personal income, which is towards the top of the size distribution, is estimated.     

Technology forecasting for commodity projections: A case study on the effect of substitution by aluminum on the future demand for copper

This paper deals with the possible use of technology forecasting in commodity projection and, to a lesser extent, in resource allocation for research and development. As a specific example, technology forecasting was used to estimate the effect of substitution of copper by aluminum on the future demand of copper in 1980 and 1990. and to identify a future technology for extracting aluminum from clay; a technology which could be especially useful in the developing countries. Basic predictions were made for functional units of the major common end uses of copper and aluminum in 1980 and 1990, including electrical conductor and heat exchanger applications. The amounts of copper required in each application in 1980 and 1990 were estimated for three substitution scenarios. In the first of these, substitution is assumed to take place according to a logistic type function, resulting in a predicted copper demand of 3.70 million tons in 1980 and 4.91 million tons in 1990. In the second scenario, substitution is assumed to progress at past linear rates, resulting in a predicted copper demand of 4.3 million tons in 1980 and 6.41 million tons in 1990. In the third scenario, no further substitution is assumed, resulting in a predicted copper demand of 4.81 million tons in 1980 and 7.77 million tons in 1990. The effective date of the technology monitoring that produced these predictions is July 1974, and the predictions are current as of the date. The then current forecasts for copper demand made by the U.S. Bureau of Mines and other agencies using compound growth and regression models, corresponded to the unlikely scenario of no further substitution, and therefore needed correction in view of these anticipated technological changes.     

Productivity change in Canadian mining 1957–1979

This paper calculates multifactor productivity trends in seven Canadian mining industries and relates changes in productivity to various factors, including changes in output and factor prices and the decline in the quality of the ore being mined. It is found that productivity decline in mining has been pronounced and tended to predate that of manufacturing by several years. There are indications that the most important factors in the decline have been the fall in mineral grade, contraction of output, increases in interest rates and an apparent decline in the rate of technical innovation.     

风景名胜区时空关系演变分析

以中国近40年来国家级风景名胜区的发展历程，以及全国9批共244处国家级风景名胜区为案例，从理论层面探讨国家级风景名胜区时空格局的演变特征。结果表明：我国风景名胜区以自然文化遗产资源保护为根本，以“自然和人文交融”为特色；不同地区、不同批次的国家级风景名胜区呈现不同的空间分布特征，数量上东多南少，面积上西阔东疏，与中国历史上的“基本经济区”有重要的空间对应关系。进而提出了我国国家级风景名胜区布局的优化方向。