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1.
本文基于信贷市场资金和项目的搜寻与匹配视角建立了一个内生货币模型,分析经济波动和货币政策对超额准备金率和货币乘数的影响。比较静态分析发现,超额准备金率具有逆周期特征;其变化有减弱法定准备金率和基础货币政策效果的作用。动态分析发现,超额准备金率具有滞后周期特征;超额准备金率的内生变化会带来货币政策的时滞效应。通过中国数据校准参数后的模拟发现,较高惰性的法定准备金率调整政策不仅不能有效抚平信贷市场波动,反而可能是造成信贷市场不稳定的原因。对中国数据的实证分析表明,超额准备金率的上述特征都具有很好的统计显著性。  相似文献   

2.
存款准备金率是传统的三大货币政策之一,通常是中央银行强制要求商业银行按照存款的一定比率保留流动性。2011年以来,人行已经连续第四次上调准备金率,这是货币政策向常态的进一步的回归。一方面体现出央行对当前流动性过于充裕的担忧,另一方面则意在加强对通胀风险的管理。本文对准备金率上调的原因及影响做了详细的介绍和相应的说明。表明了我国最近几年经济的发展形势以及我国采取的积极财政政策和紧缩的货币政策。  相似文献   

3.
存款准备金制度是工业化国家的货币政策工具之一,是一国中央银行实现货币政策目标所采取的重要手段。随着社会经济的发展,它的功能和作用正发生变化,许多国家降低存款准备金率甚至取消这一货币政策工具。我国需要借鉴发达国家的经验,逐步完善存款准备金制度,优化货币政策工具。  相似文献   

4.
构建社会信用体系的几点思考   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
当前货币政策传导机制不畅已成为影响我国宏观调控质量和扩大内需效果的重要因素,深入研究货币政策传导机制不畅的主要原因并对症下药,是我们面临的重要课题。一、社会信用体系不健全是造成货币政策传导机制不畅的重要原因面对国内经济运行中内需不足的严峻形势,近两年来为配合国家积极的财政政策,中央银行动用了许多货币政策工具,如降低存贷款利率,降低商业银行存款准备金率,出台支持中小企业发展和消费信贷业务的指导意见等。上述措施虽然起到了一定的作用,但与央行扩大社会信用总量,有效刺激内需以保持经济快速、健康、稳步发展的初衷相…  相似文献   

5.
法定存款准备金制度及其改革   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
20世纪90年代以来,一些主要西方国家(如美国、加拿大、瑞士、新西兰、澳大利亚等)降低或取消了法定存款准备金率。法定存款准备金制度是中央银行的三大货币政策工具之一,而其降低或取消的趋势,足以说明其本身存在的局限性和赖以生存的客观经济条件的深刻变化。一、法定存款准备金制度的形成、作用和局限性。存款准备金,是限制金融机构信贷扩张和保证客户提取存款和资金清算需要而准备的资金。金融机构只要经营存款业务,就必须提留存款准备金。存款准备金制度的初始意义在于保证商业银行的支付和清算,之后才逐步演变成货币政策工具。…  相似文献   

6.
李洪梅 《时代经贸》2011,(12):124-125
本文对中国现阶段货币政策的有效性做了研究。从理论来说中央银行对货币供给的控制能力不是绝对的,货币供给并不是一个完全的外生变量。文章对影响货币供给的因素做出了分解,并对中央银行对各因素的控制力做出了分析。结果表明,中国的中央银行具有决定法定准备金率的能力、拥有现金发行权利、对超额准备金近似可控,对C/D(通货一存款比)和R/D(准备一存款比)也都近似可控,因此目前中国中央银行对货币供给具有强大的控制力,中国当前的货币政策有效性很强。  相似文献   

7.
存款准备金率以其巨大的调控力度被列为为中央银行三大货币政策工具之一.然而自1980年以来,许多西方国家减少了存款准备金率的使用频率,甚至弃用存款准备金率这一货币调控工具.但是,在我国,存款准备金率这一不常用的工具却成为“常用对冲工具”,自2010年以来,中国人民中央银行频繁上调存款准备金率来应对经济过热和通货膨胀.本文将通过宏观经济学分析以及初级计量分析,揭示存款准备金率成为当下中央银行最主要和重要的货币政策工具的原因,并证明在当下经济条件下提高存款准备金率的有效性被弱化,从而提出当下央行使用货币政策时陷入的困境,并提出宏观层面的解决方案.  相似文献   

8.
本文构建了国库现金转存商业银行对货币政策影响的分析框架,研究表明,国库现金转存商业银行的货币政策效应主要取决于存款扩张乘数、国库现金抵押需求、公众贷款需求和国库现金存款形成的贷款对国内商品和服务的需求水平等因素。存款扩张乘数越大,国库现金对商业银行信贷水平的影响就越强。国库现金存款的抵押债券需求比例对信贷供给造成了反向影响,抵押比例越高,商业银行必须留出越多的储备购买债券,从而政府国库现金存款的增加可能导致信贷增量的下降。在平滑国库现金影响的政策选择上,中央银行表现出一定的被动性,通过制定国库现金存款的区别法定准备金率是中央银行调控国库现金影响货币政策的重要手段。  相似文献   

9.
央行票据是中央银行为调节商业银行超额准备金而向商业银行发行的短期债务凭证,是中央银行为调节商业银行流动性而出台的一项货币政策工具,其实质是中央银行债券。目前,央票已经是债券市场不可或缺的短期投资工具和流动性管理工具。但伴随中国经济增长趋势的放缓,央行票据发行规模的下降,央票是否继续存在的争论也由此而起。通过分析我国央行票据的发展情况及现状,对央票调控的利弊进行分析,并为央票存在的持续性寻求合理的理论支持。  相似文献   

10.
我国金融机构的存款准备金率从2007年的9%提升到了2011年6月20日的21.5%的历史最高水平,这对于我国商业银行盈利的影响是毋庸置疑的。商业银行如何调整自己的盈利模式以保证在安全性与流动性的前提下,应对不断调高的存款准备金率是本文研究的主要问题。本文从超额存款准备金率、存贷利差、中间业务和流动性四个方面入手分析,得出了高位的存款准备金率在预期方面的效果更加强,对商业银行的多元化发展模式起到推动作用和大型商业银行受到的影响小于中小商业银行的结论。  相似文献   

11.
Over the last several years, the Federal Reserve has conducted a series of large scale asset purchases. The effectiveness of these purchases is dependent on the monetary transmission mechanism. Former Federal Reserve chairman Ben Bernanke argued that large scale asset purchases are effective because they induce portfolio reallocations that ultimately lead to changes in economic activity. Despite these claims, a large fraction of the expansion of the monetary base is held as excess reserves by commercial banks. Concurrent with the large scale asset purchases, the Federal Reserve began paying interest on reserves and enacted changes in its Payment System Risk policy. In this paper, I estimate the effect of the payment of interest on reserves (as well as other payment policy changes) on the demand for daylight overdrafts through Fedwire. Since Fedwire provides overdrafts at a fixed price, any fluctuation in the quantity of overdrafts is a change in demand. A reduction in overdrafts corresponds with an increase in the demand for reserves. I show that the payment of interest on reserves has had a negative and statistically significant effect on daylight overdrafts. Furthermore, I interpret these results in light of recent theoretical work. I argue that by paying an interest rate on excess reserves that is higher than comparable short term rates, the Federal Reserve likely hindered the portfolio reallocation channel outlined by Bernanke. Thus, the payment of interest on reserves increased payment processing efficiency, potentially at the expense of limiting the ability of monetary policy to influence economic activity.  相似文献   

12.
This paper asks whether Russia's protracted inflation stabilization might have caused a credit squeeze and hence might have contributed to the output collapse in the first three years of the Russian transition. Russian monetary policy was not restrictive as a whole. Still, the occurrence of a credit crunch is not excluded, because of the Russian central bank's heavy reliance on required reserves to curb the inflationary effects of monetized budget deficits. Due to methodological limitations, we are forced to concentrate on a cross-sectional analysis of bank liquidity in 1994, in order to find possible indications about Russia's monetary stance from the point of view of the lending channel. We cannot reject that the huge excess reserves of Russian banks in 1994 were at least partially due to excess liquidity. This suggests that there is no direct relation between the monetary policy of high required reserves and the observed credit crunch. The question of why banks preferred to hold excess liquidity deserves further attention. This question is still relevant, because Russian commercial banks have again accumulated excess reserves in 1999, in the aftermath of the banking crisis, triggered by the August-1998 crisis.  相似文献   

13.
This paper econometrically tests for effects on bank lending of the Federal Reserve’s policy of paying interest on excess reserves (IOER). Following the 2008 financial crisis, US banks decreased their loan allocations and increased holdings of excess reserves. A model of bank asset allocation shows that when the rate of IOER is higher than other short-term rates, banks will switch from zero excess reserves to a regime with higher excess reserves and lower lending. Using a sample of panel data on US banks from 2000 through 2018, we find evidence of a switch to a positive excess reserve regime in the post-crisis period. Controlling for market interest rates, loan demand, and economic activity, we find that IOER accounts for the majority of the decline in bank lending after the financial crisis.  相似文献   

14.
本文首先从银行资产、负债以及支付结算等方面分析了互联网金融对传统商业银行的影响机理,然后选取中国2010—2018年79家商业银行数据,通过建立多元面板回归模型,对互联网金融发展与银行绩效之间的具体关联进行实证分析。结果表明:互联网金融对我国商业银行绩效具有明显的负面冲击作用,货币政策、金融发展程度等因素也对银行绩效有重要影响。影响机理的检验结果证实:互联网金融发展给银行的净利息和非利息收入都造成了显著的负面冲击,进而影响银行绩效。异质性检验结果表明:互联网金融对农商行、城商行等小型银行绩效的影响要大于全国性的大中型银行。位于东部地区、开展跨区域经营、创新能力强的银行能更好地应对来自互联网金融的冲击。在新的金融生态下,深度融合信息技术,积极向金融科技转型创新是传统商业银行可持续发展的重要战略途径。  相似文献   

15.
We investigate the association between deviations of the monetary policy rate from its benchmark, and systemic risk between 2001 and 2017. We adopt an impulse response function framework that uses the local projections method model proposed by Jorda (2005). We find that paying interest on reserves by the Fed beginning in 2008 introduced a monetary policy regime shift between the period that the Fed did not pay interest on reserves and the period that it did. Consequently, while we identify a positive and significant link between deviations of the policy rate from its benchmark and systemic risk in the former period, this link was broken in the latter period. During the former period, upsurges in the fed funds rate raised bank costs and increased bank distress. In contrast, during the latter period, interest payment on reserves exceeded the policy rate, except for 2009Q1, and as a result, banks did not expand lending in response to the Fed's reserve injections, instead, holding large amounts of excess reserves. This practice produced greater bank profitability and reduced bank liquidity risk and credit risk, without increasing systemic risk.  相似文献   

16.
邵兵家  朱晓娜 《技术经济》2013,(5):36-40,61
基于国内外相关研究文献,将商业银行的网上服务功能划分为7大类,进而将每类功能划分为不同层级,对我国138家商业银行的电子商务水平进行了调查分析。根据聚类分析的结果,可将我国商业银行的电子商务水平划分为3个水平层级。研究结果显示:我国商业银行的电子商务水平存在较大差异,但整体上全国及东部地区商业银行的电子商务水平相对较高;商业银行的电子商务水平与银行规模、网站建立时间、网上银行建立时间、经营区域范围等因素密切相关。最后,针对3个电子商务水平层级的商业银行发展电子商务及提供网银产品提出了对策建议。  相似文献   

17.
徐英华 《经济经纬》2005,(4):154-156
一般公司退市,人们关注的是在其解散之后把它的所有资产分配给其债权人。商业银行承担着大量的储蓄、信贷和支付等职能,在经济生活中起着重要作用。对商业银行退市各国都持相当谨慎的态度,建立了商业银行的风险防范和最后援助法律制度。在银行陷入危机时采用各种手段对其进行拯救,尽量避免其破产。  相似文献   

18.
我国电子支付工具与传统支付方式的竞争分析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
本文讨论了电子支付工具与传统各种支付手段的特点,剖析了消费者偏好,分析了支付环境对不同支付方式的影响作用。本文认为,银联与各商业银行是电子支付产业的主体,第三方支付公司呈现激烈竞争的格局。  相似文献   

19.
Since the turn of the millennium, stocks of foreign reserves held by central banks in many emerging markets and developing countries have exceeded currency in circulation. To steer money market rates, these central banks have been absorbing liquidity from, rather than providing it to, the banking sector in their regular monetary policy operations. When interest rates in countries with major reserve currencies are low, the yield on foreign reserves is low. A higher interest rate on liquidity‐absorbing operations may expose central banks to losses. Although a central bank is not a profit‐maximizing institution, central bank losses can undermine the independence of the central bank. Using data for a large panel of central banks, this paper provides some evidence that central banks tend to apply low‐remunerated reserve requirements when profitability is at stake.  相似文献   

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