沪深300指数期货合约保值有效性

股指期货的一个重要功能是套期保值,套期保值分为多头套期保值和空头套期保值.套期保值率的正确计算是套期保值功能发挥好环的关键.影响套期保值效果的主要因素是套期保值股票组合的系统风险占总风险的比重,比重越大,套期保值效果越好,反之越差.     

运用股指期货有效规避系统性风险之方法研究

股指期货可以有效地规避系统性风险，其基本原理是股份指数组合与股指期货合约的变动率呈正相关，只要在现货市场和期货市场进行相反的操作，就可以控制风险水平，股指数货规避系统性风险的方法包括套期保值，套利，利用股指期货规避系统性风险的实质是风险转移。我国股市的系统性风险比较大，开设股指期货显得日益重要。     

上证50股指期货核心功能研究

上证50股指期货的出现对股票市场的价格形成机制和市场风险规避能力产生了重要的影响.本文将研究上证50股指期货的核心功能,一方面通过ADF检验、协整检验和格兰杰因果检验验证了上证50股指期货和现货之间的价格发现功能,发现上证50股指期货对现货具有价格发现功能,现货对期货没有价格发现功能;另一方面通过使用OLS模型、VAR模型和ECM模型等静态套期保值模型研究上证50股指期货和现货之间的套期保值功能,发现上证50股指期货的套期保值的有效性较好,并且给出上证50股指期货市场的最优套期保值比率,用于实现现货市场风险的有效转移.     

股指期货套期保值效率比较研究——基于沪深300股指期货与新华富时A5指数期货

文章基于我国股票型基金十大重仓股构建投资组合,并利用沪深300股指期货与新华富时A50指数期货的日数据对这两种股指期货的套期保值效率进行比较研究,以探究两者在套期保值效率上的差异和造成差异产生的原因。在利用OLS、VECM和ECM-BGRACH等静态和动态套期保值模型和基于风险最小化的套期保值绩效指标对沪深300股指期货与新华富时A50指数期货的套期保值效率进行研究后发现,在静态最优套保比、时变最优套保比和套期保值绩效指标的比较中,新华富时A50指数期货都要优于沪深300股指期货。这种套期保值效率上的差异主要来自于两个金融工具间的合约与交易规则的差别。建议通过设立适当时间的晚间电子盘交易,并允许金融机构在规定的份额内进行期指套利交易,以提升沪深300股指期货在套期保值市场功能上的效率。     

股指期货套期保值理论及模型的演进与实证研究

将对股指期货套期保值策略进行比较全面的理论和实证研究。首先,概述了股指期货套期保值的相关理论,综述了套期保值的关键环节是最优套期保值比率的确定的相关的模型;其次,运用协整等分析方法,采用最小二乘回归模型（OLS）、向量自回归模型（VAR）、误差修正模型（ECM）、广义自回归条件异方差模型（GARCH）,分别对中国沪深300股指期货最优套期保值比率进行了实证研究,并对各模型的套期保值绩效做出了评价,得出ECM模型是最优的,是最适合中国沪深300股指期货的套期保值率估计模型。     

股指期货套期保值比率研究

本文以股指期货套期保值比率计算为研究重点,运用0LS、B-VAR、ARCH模型分析了沪深300股指期货和ETF50最优套期保值比率,同时对投资组合运用股指期货进行套期保值的交易策略进行了分析.     

恒生指数期货套期保值比率研究

本文在国内外研究的基础上,从持有H股和红筹股投资者角度,研究利用恒生指数期货进行套期保值最优套保比率的确定方法,以期对欲利用沪深300股指期货进行套期保值的投资者如何确定最优套保比率提供有益的参考。     

股指期货最小风险保值比率的MABM模型初探

一、股指期货不确定性最小风险保值比率 股票指数期货(简称股指期货)用于规避股票系统风险,是通过套期保值实现的.实质上套期保值交易无论做多还是做空都是一种防御性的策略,所谓最小风险套期保值即在进行套期保值操作后,如果股票价格果然如保值者所担心的那样,出现对自己不利的变化,股票指数期货市场盈利基本上能弥补现货市场上的亏损,因而使股票现货损失达到风险最小化,此时的现货头寸与期货头寸的比率称为股票指数期货最小风险保值比率.     

股指期货的套期保值交易

套期保值是股票指数期货(简称股指期货)的主要经济功能之一,套期保值交易也叫“对冲”交易,即保值者基于期货价格和现货价格受相同经济因素影响而具有基本相似的走势,在期货市场上进行与现货或将要拥有的现货头寸方向相反的操作,在一定期间内,如果一个市场亏损,则另一个市场盈利,否则相反。这样,无论现货市场因股市波动损失多大,或盈利多高,都因为套期保值的操作而互相抵偿即锁定现在就有的正常的利润达到“保值”的目的,从而规避了股市系统性风险。一、套期保值类型股指期货与其它金融期货和商品期货一样,其套期保值可分为多头套期保值和空…     

引入基差影响因素的套期保值模型优化与效用对比分析——以中国大豆加工与经营企业为例

中国是全球最大的大豆进口国,国内大豆压榨企业在用境外定价中心的期货合约进行套期保值时,面临较大的基差风险。现有套期保值模型中,多将基差作为套期保值模型的不可观测变量,这与大豆压榨企业现实需求不符。为此,将基差影响因素中可解释部分引进套期保值模型,得到基差调整后的套期保值比率和套期保值有效性。运用Copula-GARCH模型实证分析后发现,引入基差影响因素的套期保值模型效果大多数优于原有套期保值模型,这对我国压榨企业的套期保值实践具有重要的指导意义。     

Comparison of Some Static Hedging Models of Agricultural Commodities Price Uncertainty

In static framework, many hedging strategies can be settled following the various hedge ratios that have been developed in the literature. However, it is difficult to choose among them the best the appropriate strategy according the to preference or economic behavior of the decision-maker such as prudence and temperance. This is so even with the hedging effectiveness measure. After introducing a hedging ratio that take into account the prudence and temperance of the decision maker, we propose a ranking based approach to measure the effectiveness using L-moment to classify hedge portfolios, hence hedge ratios, with regard to their performance. Moreover, we deal with the hedging issue in presence of quantity and rollover risks and derive an optimal strategy that depends upon the basis and insurance contract. Such hedging issue includes the relevant risks encountered in practice and we relate how insurance contract, specially designed for production risk could affect the futures hedge. The application on some agricultural futures prices data at hands shows that taking into account quantity and rollover risks leads to better hedging strategy based on the L-performance effectiveness measure.

     

Dynamic hedge ratio for stock index futures: application of threshold VECM

This study represents one of the first papers in stock-index-futures arbitrage literature to investigate the effects of arbitrage threshold on stock index futures hedging effectiveness by using threshold vector error correction model (hereafter threshold VECM). Moreover, in contrast to prior studies focusing on examining case studies involving mature stock markets, this study not only adopts US S&P 500 stock market as the sample but also adds an analysis of one emerging stock market, Hungarian BSI and examines the differences between them. Finally, this investigation employs a rolling estimation process to examine the impact of arbitrage threshold behaviours on the setting of futures hedging ratio. The empirical findings of this study are consistent with the following notions. First, arbitrage behaviour reduces co-movement between futures and spot markets and increases the volatility of both futures and spot markets. Second, this article denotes the outer regime of futures-spot market for the case of Hungarian BSI (US S&P 500) as a crisis (an unusual) condition. Moreover, arbitrage threshold behaviours make remarkable (unremarkable) shift on optimal hedge ratio between two different market regimes for the case of Hungarian BSI (US S&P 500). Finally, the framework involving regime-varying hedge ratio designed in this study provides a more efficient futures hedge ratio design for Hungarian BSI stock market, but not for US S&P 500 stock market.     

LIQUIDITY RISK AND CORPORATE HEDGING WITH FUTURES

This paper examines the hedging behaviour of a value‐maximizing firm that exists for two periods. The firm faces uncertain income and is subject to tax asymmetries with no loss‐offset provisions. The firm has access to unbiased futures contracts in each period for hedging purposes. We impose a liquidity constraint on the firm. Specifically, whenever the net interim loss due to its first‐period futures position exceeds a predetermined threshold level, the firm is forced to terminate its risk management program and, therefore, is prohibited from trading the futures contracts in the second period. We show that the liquidity‐constrained firm optimally adopts a full‐hedge via its second‐period futures position to minimize the extent of the income risk and an under‐hedge via its first‐period futures position to limit the degree of the liquidity risk.     

Exports and Indirect Hedging of Foreign Currency Risk

We present a model of a risk-averse competitive exporting firm under exchange rate risk. Direct hedging instruments are not available. However, there are domestic assets whose prices are correlated to the foreign currency. We consider a market for futures contracts in these domestic assets and investigate the firm's indirect hedging and export policy. It is shown that the availability of many financial instruments correlated with foreign exchange may, under some circumstances, provide the same results as a perfect hedge.
JEL Classification Numbers: F21, F31.     

STATE-DEPENDENT PREFERENCES AND FUTURES HEDGING: THE EFFECTS OF BASIS RISK

Abstract. This note incorporates basis risk into the futures hedging decision-making problem when the hedger has a state-dependent preference. It is shown that, in an unbiased futures market, a partial hedge is optimal when the marginal utilities in different states are moderately close to each other. Conditions for a Texas hedge or an overhedge are provided. Finally, it is demonstrated that basis risk always reduces the futures trading volume.     

EXPORT AND HEDGING DECISIONS UNDER CORRELATED REVENUE AND EXCHANGE RATE RISK

This paper examines the behaviour of a competitive exporting firm under joint revenue and exchange rate risk. The firm can trade unbiased currency futures contracts for hedging purposes. We show that neither the separation theorem nor the full‐hedging theorem holds when the revenue shock prevails. If the correlation between the revenue shock and the random spot exchange rate is non‐positive, the firm optimally produces less than the benchmark level when the revenue shock is absent. If, in addition, the firm is prudent, the optimal futures position is an under‐hedge. Finally, we derive sufficient conditions under which the firm's optimal output level is higher in the presence than in the absence of the revenue shock. Operational hedging and financial hedging as such interact in a complicated way to better cope with the multiple sources of uncertainty faced by the firm.     

Optimal gasoline hedging strategies using futures contracts and exchange-traded funds

This article employs a variety of econometric models (including OLS, VEC/VAR, DCC GARCH and a class of copula-based GARCH models) to estimate optimal hedge ratios for gasoline spot prices using gasoline exchange-traded funds (ETFs) and gasoline futures contracts. We then compare their performance using four different measures from the perspective of both their hedging objectives and trading position using four different measures: variance reduction measure, utility-based measure and two tail-based measures (value at risk and expected shortfall). The impact of the 2008 financial market crisis on hedging performance is also investigated. Our findings indicate that, in terms of variance reduction, the static models (OLS and VEC/VAR) are found to be the best hedging strategies. However, more sophisticated time-varying hedging strategies could outperform the static hedging models when the other measures are used. In addition, ETF hedging is a more effective hedging strategy than futures hedging during the high-volatility (crisis) period, but this is not always the case during the normal time (post-crisis) period.     

Hedging and diversification across commodity assets

ABSTRACT

We investigate the conditional cross effects and volatility spillover between equity markets and commodity markets (oil and gold), Fama and French HML and SMB factors, volatility index (VIX) and bonds using different multivariate GARCH specifications considering the potential asymmetry and persistence behaviours. We analyse the dynamic conditional correlation between the US equity market and a set of commodity prices and risk factors to forecast the transmission of shock to the equity market firstly, and to determine and compare the optimal hedge ratios from the different models based on the hedging effectiveness of each model. Our findings suggest that all models confirm the significant returns and volatility spillovers. More importantly, we find that GO-GARCH is the best-fit model for modelling the joint dynamics of different financial variables. The results of the current study have implications for investors: (i) the equity market displays inverted dynamics with the volatility index suggesting strong evidence of diversification benefit; (ii) of the hedging assets gold appears the best hedge for the US equity market as it has a higher hedge effectiveness than oil and bonds over time; and (iii) despite these important results, a better hedge may be obtained by using well-selected firm sized and profitability-based portfolios.     

基于VaR的沪深300股指期货风险管理实证研究

我国以沪深300为标的指数的股指期货即将推出。股指期货在具有控制风险功能的同时,也与其他金融衍生产品一样,具有风险性,且其风险远远大于股票现货市场。因此,必须采用积极的风险管理技术,加强对股指期货的风险防范。在GARCH模型的基础上,采用VaR方法对我国的沪深300股指期货仿真交易进行定量研究,计算出它们的VaR值,并将其与期望值进行比较。经过对比分析可以得出:基于GARCH模型的VaR方法适合我国的股指期货风险管理。