Research on industrialization of eco-agriculture：theoretical framework and the case of Yunnan,Chinav

The industrialization of eco-agriculture has applied modern science technology in accordance with ecological principles and has promoted agricultural production.As a subsystem of agricultural industrial clusters,the industrialization of eco-agriculture is the specific applications of cluster concept in the industrialization of eco-agriculture development.Industrialization of eco-agriculture cluster will achieve eco-agriculture and interact with industrial cluster which forms eco-agriculture integration and composite industry and ultimately realize the new benign circulation eco-agriculture model.According to the ecological engineering basic principles of recycling of the overall coordination,industrialization of eco-agriculture is focusing on the main systems operating coordination between the various subsystems and its various factors,and will maintain a reasonable ecological and economic structure to ensure the recycling of natural resources.Industrialization of eco-agriculture in Yunnan has adjusted the agricultural production structure to keep the stability of the gross grain production and economic development and has taken effective measures to vigorously improve land use and land productivity.Various ways of improving soil fertility has vigorously promoted other water-saving agricultural technologies.Ecological protection of rice no-tillage,cultivation of crop cultivation of the integrated control crop disease pests grass and agricultural production have taken the sustainable development.     

A comparative study of organic agriculture development between China and South Korea

Human activities including modern agriculture have caused environmental pollution, so people begin to pay attentton to safe food. As a result, organic agriculture has emerged. Organic agriculture in South Korea （hereinafter referred as Korea） and China has developed rapidly since the appearance of organic agriculture in 1970s and 1980s respectively. Organic agriculture in China and Korea has developed steadily through agricultural support policies, certification management, institutions construction etc. In the development of organtc agriculture, China and Korea are now facing some technical and extension problems. In general however the development of organic agriculture in China lags behind Korea. China can learn from the experience about the development of organic agriculture in Korea to solve contradiction between development of organic agriculture and food safety, to strengthen the organic food certification, to introduce a system of agricultural direct payment and other positive measures, thus will guarantee steady and healthy development of organic agriculture in China.     

Study on agricultural structure and non-point source pollution： a case in Dapu Town of Yixing City

The water body of Taihu Lake has been eutrophicated because of area-source pollution. 83% of the total nitrogen and 84% of the total phosphorus of the pollutant that have washed into Taihu Lake originated from the fertilizer of crop land, rural animal husbandry and living sewage and rubbish in rural area. The goal of adjusting agricultural structure is to improve agricultural development, and to increase the peasants＇ income by planting non-grain crop, centralizing animal husbandry, and intensifying aquaculture, etc. It is necessary to research on the influences of agriculture industrial structure on area-source pollution. This paper studies a case of Dapu Town in Yixing City, which is a typical drainage place beside Taihu Lake. On the basis of the analysis on the status quo of area-source pollution and agriculture industrial structure in Dapu Town, the conflicts between them are discussed. Non-grain crop production with a great deal of fertilizer and developing aquaculture with a great deal of organic pollutant, which are directly discharged, make area-source pollution more serious and accelerate the eutrophication in Taihu Lake. This paper suggests taking corresponding technological measures and policies, which have been tested in Dapu Town and demonstrated in Taih, Lake area.     

Research on the Development Model of Ecological Agriculture in Loess Hilly-Gully Region of Northern Shannxi, China

On the Loess Plateau of China, facing the vulnerable environment, local people have to try their best to guarantee the security of food, and at the same time, to control the most serious soil erosion in the world. The paper introduces two typical models of ecological agriculture: ecological agriculture with commodity and agriculture with soil and water conservation. According to the local natural condition, the model of eco-agriculture with commodity could be characterized by the structure of “agriculture-byproduct”, “agriculture-fruit” or “agriculture-forestry-husbandry”. The development of agriculture with soil and water conservation has decreased the soil erosion rate from 12, 184 ton/kin^2 in 1980 to 458.4 ton/kin^2 in 1999, while the farmers‘ income has increasingly risen. Analyses on the two models‘ benefits both in terms of ecological and agricultural economy show that there is a great possibility to construct or restore good eco-environment with comprehensive control in the hilly-gully area of north Shannxi. Further more, the paper points out the potential problems of foodstuff production and stockbreeding development in forming ecological agriculture and eco-environmental restoration.     

Classification of regional agricultural structure: method and its application to China

Regional agriculture is the basis of regional sustainable development, so sustainable regional agricultural development is essential to the sustainable development of the whole society and becomes the focus of global research. The classification of regional agricultural structure is the basic work of regional agriculture study. This paper constructs index system （27 indices） of regional agricultural structure types with the three big indices： natural resources, developmental level of the agro-economy, and agro-ecological conditions. This paper also endows weight to every sub-classification index by means of AHP and obtains the comprehensive evaluation value of the three types of indices with arithmetic average weight approach. The regional agricultural structure can be classified into eight types in accordance with this evaluation results. The empirical study of China shows that the 31 provinces （municipalities and autonomous regions） are of different agriculture structural types. Finally, countermeasures of sustainsable agricultural development are put forward for the different agriculture structure features.     

Assessment of the agricultural sustainability of Shaanxi Province,China

It is significant for the study on the sustainable development of regional agriculture to monitor and measurethe trend of agricultural development with an effective method. The sustainable development of regional agricultureshould accord with regional population, rural economic development, social progress, resource and environmentalsupport. This paper establishes the evaluating indicators system of sustainable development of regional agriculture,evaluates the agricultural sustainable development in Shaanxi Province with a comprehensive multi-indicator method,analyzes the support of resource and environment for regional agriculture by the resource-development index and theenvironment-development index, and gets the conclusion that the indicators, such as education level, the income gapbetween urban and rural residents, the per capita area under cultivation and the consumption of pesticides and chemicalfertilizers per hectare, are the main factors to restrict agricultural sustainability, and that the pressure of the developmentof subsystems of population, economy and society on the subsystems of resource and environment turns out to bestronger and stronger. Agricultural environment gets better, but resource becomes one of the important factors to restrictthe development of regional agriculture. In a word, this paper highlights the potentials and limitations of sustainableagriculture of Shaanxi and helps identify the development direction in the future.     

Ecological footprint analysis on the traditional rice-fish agricultural area： a case study of Qingtian County, Zhejiang Province, China

Qingtian County of Zhejiang Province, China has maintained the traditional rice-fish agriculture for about 2,000 years and formed exceptional cultural heritage based on this kind of production mode, so it was ed by FAO as a pilot site for the rice-fish agricultural heritage systems in 2005. This research has applied the indicators of ecological footprint and biocapacity to monitor the environmental conditions of Qingtian County, aiming to find the impact that the traditional agricultural production mode and the local inhabitants lifestyle have placed on the local environmental conditions as well as the role they have played in maintaining ecological balance, cultural inheritance and regional sustainable development. Results show that Qingtian County is characterized by a nearly breakeven total ecological balance, as opposed to Zhejiang Province, the world and other agricultural regions. However, compared with another rice-fish agricultural region, Congjiang County which enjoys a considerable ecological reserve, Qingtian County has consumed a greater amount of environmental resources. Specifically, about half of the ecological footprint of Qingtian County can be attributed to the cropland （50.8%） while the CO2 area only accounts for 11.2%, which is dramatically different from that of the modern industrialized regions. And a vast of percentage of energy is caused by the combustion of fuelwood which not only requires the land to absorb the CO2 emission it has generated but also occupies the forest where it has been chopped.     

Regional diversity of agricultural labor productivity and its driving force in east China

China＇s eastern area is at middle and later stage of industrialization during which the relation between urban and rural areas, industry, and agriculture appears maladjusted. The main problems are shrinkage in agricultural comparative earning and lack of driving force of agricultural development. Based on calculating agricultural labor productivity in east China from 1996 to 2005, this paper analyzes contributing degree of motive forces of agriculture develop in ten provinces and cities of east China applying GCA （Grey correlative analysis）. The results show that there is no absolute correspondence between the level of industrialization and agricultural labor productivity in China＇s eastern area. There is no synchronous development between industry and agricultural labor productiviry in some areas. Fertilizer and agricultural machinery input had high contributing degree for ten years; however; contributing degree in land and irrigation work input was low. Non-materialization inputs became the leading role in most provinces and cities＇ increase of agricultural labor productivity. Modern agricultural development need non-materialization inputs as primary motive force, at the same time, direct material input and facility input as guaranteed function. For some reasons, agricultural development is characterized by ＂more direct material input, less facility input ＂ in east China now. Optimal driving.force model of future agricultural development in east China is that non-materialization inputs are dominant, that perfected facility input arc guarantee, and that certain substance inputs are necessary     

County financial ecology and the development of new socialist countryside in China

The new rural construction will involve many fields, such as the upgrade of the industrial structure of agriculture, the impravement of the efficiency in the use of agricultural resources, the increase of farmers＇ income, maintaining sustainable agricultural development, and strengthening the construction of agricultural service system and circulation system.Finance, as the core of modem economy, should serve the new rural construction. However, there are many problems about the financial system in the rural area for a long time. So it is vital to build a good county financial eco-environment to promote the development of county financial systems and give full scope to the supporting function of finance. Only when we solve the problems in rural financial ecology and make clear the government ＇s fanction and activities, the county financial environment can function and be improved. Based on the reality of county economic development and starting from the connotation of county financial ecology, this paper analyzes the status quo of county financial eco-environment, especially the significance of optimizing the county financial eco-environment under the macroscopic background that the country proposed the socialist new rural reconstruction, and proposes the opinions and suggestions to construct and the maintain county financial eco-environment.     

The Impacts of the Green Barrier against China＇s Agricultural Products Exports

Green Barrier is one of the non-tariffbarriers, which has its special characteristics. More and more countries have imposed green barriers on China＇s agricultural products exports in a bid to protect their domestic agriculture. When studying the green barriers oriented market access system, we should handle well the following works： popularizing agricultural standardization, improving quality standard systems of agricultural products, propelling the technological innovations of green production, establishing an emergency system for the foreign trade of agricultural products by which the green production and operation can be supported from funds and policies, etc.     

农业多功能性与国际农产品贸易政策改革--兼论我国世贸谈判的应对策略

农业除了生产食物和纤维以外,还在经济、社会和环境等方面具有非商品功能。农业多功能性问题日益受到各国关注。全球经济一体化形势下国际农产品贸易政策改革进程中,对农业多功能问题的争辩体现了农产品进口国与出口国的利益之争。作为一个发展中农业大国,农业经营规模超小型等特点决定了我国在WTO框架下的农产品国际贸易中处于不利地位,因此我国应顺应世界农业功能多元化的潮流,在强调农业食物功能的同时,充分利用“绿箱政策”进行农业生产能力建设,积极发展功能多元化可持续农业。     

生态系统健康与农业可持续发展

生态系统健康已成为生态学一个热点研究领域,目前关于生态系统健康的概念很多,许多学者分别从不同的角度对生态系统健康概念进行了阐述。农业可持续发展和农业生态系统健康是同一层面的意思,一个健康的农业生态系统或者说一个可持续发展的农业体系应具有良好的生态环境、健康的农业生物、合理的时空结构、清洁的生产方式,以及具有适度的生物多样性和持续的农业生产力。文章论述了生态系统健康和农业可持续发展的内涵,提出了相应的评价指标体系,并指出研究生态系统健康和农业可持续发展还应该重视农业生态学的研究和应用。     

新疆县域农业投入问题探析

农业是国民经济的命脉，保持农业投入的稳定增长是解决“三农”问题的基础。近年来，我国农业投入的三大主体——政府、银行、农户对农业投入的资金绝对量虽有所增加，但相对量却在下降，不能满足现代化农业发展对农业增效、农村经济发展以及农民增收的需要。因此，应通过重新构建政府对农业的投入机制、建立信贷农业投入机制以拓宽农业融资渠道、重构微观农业投入机制激励农户的农业投入行为等措施来保障新疆县域农业投入。     

台湾“富丽新农村”和“新农业运动”探析

“富丽新农村”和“新农业运动”是台湾当局整体农业政策的重要组成部分。从历史上看,台湾的农业政策经历过两次根本性调整：一是由实施挤压农业支持工业的政策向工业反哺农业政策的根本性转变;二是由传统农业发展模式向现代农业发展模式（精致农业）的根本性转变。两次根本性转变奠定了台湾农业发展的整体战略思路。富丽新农村和新农业运动是继精致农业后进一步促进农业发展的支农富农举措。本文将通过对富丽新农村和新农业运动实施背景、基本做法的分析,探讨对祖国大陆新农村建设的相关启迪。     

都市型现代农业的发展模式研究

都市型现代农业是我国现代农业的重要表现形式,其发展模式主要有设施农业、观光休闲农业、农业科技园区、循环农业、生态农业和籽种农业等。北京都市型现代农业经过十几年的建设与发展取得了显著成效,为今后的发展奠定了坚实基础,但仍面临城乡居民收入差距拉大、市场经济发育欠成熟、土地流转机制未建立、农业生态环境污染严重等制约因素。根据区域比较优势原则,建议将北京地区划分成观光休闲农业圈、科技示范农业圈、特色种养农业圈及合作辐射农业圈。在不同的圈层区域,都市型现代农业应按照不同的模式发展。     

中国现代农业发展的市场环境评价

发展现代农业是中国农业与农村工作的核心，而市场环境的建设又是现代农业发展的基础和前提。本文就有关市场环境评价的评价方法、指标体系和评价模型的确定，全国及其各区域、省份的市场环境状况对比，农产品市场适应现代农业发展的形势判断，加快市场环境建设、促进现代农业发展等方面进行了全面的论证。     

当代世界农业发展的基本规律及其启示

当代世界农业发展的基本趋势和主要特征是高度的商业化、资本化、规模化、专业化、区域化、工厂化、知识化、社会化、国际化交织在一起,极大地提高了土地产出率、农业劳动生产率、农产品商品率和国际市场竞争力.农业现代化最实质、最核心的内容是化"农",就是农民比重大幅减少、农业比重大幅下降、城市化水平大幅提高的过程,农业资本参与利润平均化的规律与国家支持保护农业政策并行不悖.当前摆在我国面前的两大实践难题是如何实现小农制与现代农业的有效衔接,如何培育农业资本的生成机制,归结起来就是"人往哪里去"和"钱从哪里来"的问题,解决问题的根本出路在于发展资本农业和外向型经济.     

我国农产品品牌成长环境的SWOT分析

随着农业经济的不断发展和农产品市场化程度的不断提高,农业走品牌化发展的氛围已经形成,促进农产品品牌快速成长起来是促进现代农业发展、优化农业结构、提高农产品质量安全和竞争力、实现农业增效农民增收的重要手段和举措。基于农产品品牌的特殊性,农产品品牌成长环境的SWOT分析是构建农产品品牌良性成长机制的前提。     

世界农业发展趋势与中国特色农业现代化道路的战略选择

不同农业发达国家发展现代农业的道路可分为三种类型:劳动节约型、土地节约型和综合性技术进步型。结合世界现代农业的发展趋势,综合考虑我国人多地少、农业自然资源相对不足的现实和突出存在的农业发展制约因素,当前我国现代农业应选择综合性技术进步型发展模式。