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1.
“大学生就业”是指大学毕业生面对市场进行的自我定位,从而自主选择职业的过程.在中国,随着”大学扩招”导致的大学毕业生数量激增,使该群体面临的就业压力逐年增加,并被赋子了多层次的社会意义,通过宏观层面的分析不难看出,经济的快速发展和产业结构的不断调整对人才需求产生很大的变化;新职位的涌现对人才的渴望和需求也在不断增加;高校虽然在扩招,但学科的重复建设,以及扩招过程中与市场需求的错位,都在客观上增加了就业难度.  相似文献   

2.
高校扩招政策的冲击远超出了劳动力市场,我们应以更广阔的视角来综合评估其对大学毕业生福祉的影响.文章利用中国综合社会调查数据,基于"局部干预效应"概念框架,识别出教育成就受扩招政策差异化影响的不同群体,然后运用双重差分法定量评估了扩招政策对他们幸福感的异质性干预效应.研究表明:(1)招生规模激增削弱了那些即使没有发生扩招也能继续深造者在劳动力、婚姻等市场上的竞争优势,从而降低了他们的幸福感.(2)那些受益于扩招政策而有机会接受大学教育的人,由于大学生活和毕业前景与他们之前所想象的落差较大,其幸福感并未因此而提高.在我国高等教育发展从数量扩张阶段向质量提升阶段转型之时,文章从主观福利视角为家庭如何进行教育投资提供了参考,也为政府部门如何应对扩招政策的负面影响提供了决策依据.  相似文献   

3.
<正> 高校扩招以后,我国现在大学毕业生的供给每年以30%以上的速度增加,远大于经济增长的速度,就业环境的变化在所难免。加之毕业生就业制度改革的深入、社会劳动人事制度的改革和当前国际国内经济形势的影响,大学毕业生就业形势不容乐观。在这种情况下,毕业生择业时对物质待遇和工作环境提出不切实际的要求,无异于将自己选择工作的空间变小了。因此,正确认识当前的就业形势、调整毕业生的就业心理预期、引导他们进行正确的择业定位是新形势下我们做好毕业生就业工作的当务之急。  相似文献   

4.
正一、高校学生就业营销背景(一)毕业生总量大于市场需求。由于连续多年的高校扩招策略,近年来高校应届毕业生人数激增,据有关资料显示2013年高校应届毕业生人数约合700万左右,比2012年增加了20万人,加上累积往届毕业未能就业的学生,总计约合1000万人左右。与之相对应的是,我国的就业市场容量增长缓慢,近几年的新增岗位平均增长率远远低于高校毕业生平均增长  相似文献   

5.
张成 《经济研究导刊》2009,(21):110-111
伴随着1999年的大学扩招,中国高校毕业生人数不断创下新高,同时,在劳动力市场上大学毕业生就业率逐年走低,当今大学生就业问题已经成为中国急需解决的重点问题。从微观角度对中国大学生劳动力市场进行了分析和描述,重点放在大学毕业生进入市场的过程上,阐述了就业信息的重要性,得出结论:在大学毕业生的多种就业信息获取方式中,从学校就业网站上获取的信息最为重要;在招聘方式上,用人单位和毕业生都最看重校园招聘。  相似文献   

6.
扩招后的大学毕业生就业形势严峻,其根本原因是市场经济的基本矛盾和我国现阶段国民经济主要矛盾交叉化的集中表现。要解决大学生就业问题,必须坚持经济增长模式与速度的选择以满足人们就业为原则;经济结构调整以充分就业为宗旨,采取加速城市化进程等措施。  相似文献   

7.
文彬 《时代经贸》2007,5(7):1-2
经过连续几年的高校扩招,大学毕业生的数量急剧增长,大学毕业生就业难的问题日益凸现.而师范院校非师范专业毕业生的就业形势更为严峻,此问题已成为困扰高等师范院校稳定发展的重大问题.本文从社会、学校、学生个人三个方面出发,分析造成非师范专业毕业生就业难的原因,并提出解决这一问题的几点对策和建议.  相似文献   

8.
一、问题的提出 高校扩招以来,我国在校大学生数量迅猛增长,2003年后大学毕业生人数急剧上升,大学生就业压力逐年增加。2006年,我国普通高校毕业生达413万人,社会新增就业岗位为900万,高校毕业生人数超过新增就业岗位的半数。据国外研究表明,技术进步对欧洲一些国家的大学生就业有一定影响;我国学者也从技能取向的角度分析技术进步对大学生就业的影响。本文将利用Aghion和P&#183;Howitt(1994)等人提出的技术进步的就业效应原理,结合大学生就业的特点分析技术进步对大学生就业的影响机制,利用回归模型分析技术进步对我国大学生就业之间的影响情况,并对这种情况进行原因分析,  相似文献   

9.
我国高校毕业生就业难问题的经济学分析   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
大学毕业生作为人才资源中较高层次的一类,其就业过程是国家高层次人力资源配置最为重要的一个环节。当前,大学毕业生就业已成为社会普遍关注的问题。毕业生难以找到好工作,已成为大学生、高校、及家长共同的感受。大学生就业难在何处?就业难是不是国家高校扩招所带来的呢?我们需要从经济学的角度对大学生就业难问题的进行深入分析。  相似文献   

10.
随着近二十年来持续的大学扩招政策,每年就业大学生数量连年攀升,2001年我国高校毕业生人数仅有115万人,2016年为765万,供需比已经逼近失衡.传统企业为了规避人员成本,拒绝接收应届大学毕业生,这使得大学生的就业压力愈加增强.这使得许多大学生面临着"毕业即失业"的窘境,大学生总体而言在就业市场上呈现供大于求的矛盾.  相似文献   

11.
Temporary contracts usually fall outside of employee protection litigation, thus they are often cheaper than permanent contracts and are offered on-demand by firms. In the last two decades, there has been a sharp growth in such contracts in the U.S. labor market. This paper investigates the welfare consequences of offering temporary contracts in the U.S., an environment with low employee protection litigation and high production risk for firms. Employee protection litigation creates firing rigidity in regular labor markets. Pairing firing rigidity with high production risk, firms reduce employment and output, which generates welfare loss. The inexpensive and flexible nature of temporary contracts offers firms a buffer strategy in making employment decisions under risk and navigating the firing rigidity of the regular labor sector, thereby reducing welfare loss. However, temporary contracts cannot fully compensate for the efficiency cost from rising firing rigidity and risk.  相似文献   

12.
I study the effects of firing costs in an equilibrium model of the labor market with moral hazard. Layoff is an incentive device, modeled as termination of the optimal long‐term contract. When the economy’s stock of firms is fixed, firing costs could reduce layoffs and increase worker welfare. In the long run when firms are free to enter and exit the market, firing costs generate not only lower employment, longer unemployment durations, and lower aggregate output, but also lower welfare for both employed workers and new labor market entrants.  相似文献   

13.
The paper explores the effects of economic integration on trade, wages, and welfare when market sizes differ. A duopoly model with two‐way intraindustry trade in similar products and with unionized labor markets is employed. It is confirmed that, for a wide range of different relative market sizes, integration leads to higher wages, employment, and welfare. However, where market sizes differ widely, the reduction of trade barriers leads to a reduction of wages, employment, and—in some circumstances—welfare in the country with the large market.  相似文献   

14.
非正规就业作为多种就业形式之一在促进中国经济增长、缓解日益严重的就业压力方面起着越来越重要的作用。但同时在当下劳动力市场中非正规就业的安全性却受到了严峻的挑战。影响非正规就业安全性的主要因素表现为非正规就业者贫乏的社会资本以及本身偏低的人力资本存量、强资本弱劳工的社会格局;歧视性的政策惯性;不完善的劳动力市场以及缺位的社会服务体系。  相似文献   

15.
This paper uses network analysis to study how employment intermediaries have influenced inter-firm worker mobility in a region of Italy, in response to a 1997 reform that introduced temporary employment agencies. Worker reallocations from a matched employer-employee dataset are mapped onto a directed graph where the vertices are firms and the links denote transfers of workers between firms. Temporary employment agencies significantly improve network integration and practicability, while rapidly increasing the control over mobility channels. The trade off inherent in intermediation activity is captured and discussed. The potential of network analysis as a tool for monitoring regional labor markets is highlighted.  相似文献   

16.
We endogenize separation in a search model of the labor market and allow for bargaining over the continuation of employment relationships following productivity shocks to take place under asymmetric information. In such a setting separation may occur even if continuation of the employment relationship is privately efficient for workers and firms. We show that reductions in the cost of separation, owing for example to a reduction in firing taxes, lead to an increase in job instability and, when separation costs are initially high, may be welfare decreasing for workers and firms. We furthermore show that, in response to an exogenous reduction in firing taxes, workers and firms may switch from rigid to flexible employment contracts, which further amplifies the increase in job instability caused by policy reform.  相似文献   

17.
This paper proposes an equilibrium matching model for developing countries’ labor markets where the interaction between public, formal private and informal private sectors are taken into account. Theoretical analysis shows that gains from reforms aiming at liberalizing formal labor markets can be annulled by shifts in the public sector employment and wage policies. Since the public sector accounts for a substantial share of employment in developing countries, this approach is crucial to understand the main labor market outcomes of such economies. Wages offered by the public sector increase the outside option value of the workers during the bargaining processes in the formal and informal sectors. It becomes more profitable for workers to search on-the-job, in order to move to these more attractive and more stable types of jobs. The public sector therefore acts as an additional tax for the formal private firms. Using data on workers’ flows from Egypt, we show empirically and theoretically that the liberalization of labor markets plays against informal employment by increasing the profitability, and hence job creations, of formal jobs. The latter effect is however dampened or even sometimes nullified by the increase of the offered wages in the public sector observed at the same time.  相似文献   

18.
Japan's steep postwar growth was nested in a political economy built around producer‐oriented policies: by fostering the growth of large firms using the tools of industrial policy, the government could jumpstart development. Many large firms, and their employees, benefited indirectly from this growth program, and very small firms and industries not included in the growth model were compensated through preferential policies or subsidies. Japan's social contract evolved around this system, having as its centerpiece lifetime employment. The government spent more resources on supporting exporting industries and compensating domestic ones than on building a forward‐looking welfare system. Japan's decade‐long economic downturn marks a structural transition towards a postindustrial society. While excelling in producing tangibles, Japan has fallen behind in fostering modern industries, including services; the country also lacks a welfare system to handle increasing structural unemployment that this transition brings about. Without a commitment towards a welfare system and a welfare society, and a reorientation of the social contract towards citizens, Japan is unlikely to transition successfully.  相似文献   

19.
Often an increase in the minimum wage is accompanied by a reduction in the capital tax. This paper analyzes the effects of interactions between the minimum wage and the capital tax in the general equilibrium framework. The analysis is conducted in an inter-temporal search model in which firms post wages. A (binding) minimum wage provides a lower support for the distribution of wages. The paper finds that the interaction of these two policy instruments significantly modify labor market outcomes and welfare cost. In the presence of a binding minimum wage, a decrease in the capital tax leads to an increase in wage dispersion. In contrast, when it is not binding, a lower capital tax may reduce the dispersion in wages. A binding minimum wage magnifies the positive effects of a lower capital tax on labor supply, employment, and output. It also enhances the welfare cost of capital tax. A policy change which involves an increase in the minimum wage and a fall in the capital tax such that employment level remains constant increases welfare and output.  相似文献   

20.
Aspects of International Fragmentation   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
The paper uses a specific‐factors framework to address efficiency and distributional implications of international fragmentation which is driven by a low foreign wage rate. Focusing on the cost‐savings linkage between fragmentation and labor demand in the remaining domestic activities, the author establishes a fragmentation surplus. If capital is an indivisible asset specific to the fragment produced abroad, then fragmentation may cause a domestic welfare loss, because outsourcing takes place in discrete steps where it affords firms “quasi‐market‐power” on the domestic labor market. The regime shift from domestic production to fragmentation is modeled as a two‐stage game. In stage one, firms locate indivisible assets at home or abroad; in stage two they choose optimal employment. The share of fragmented firms is endogenously determined. The paper explores conditions under which outsourcing is beneficial for the domestic economy.  相似文献   

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