终极控股股东与控制权私有收益——来自我国上市公司的经验证据

本文以2003～2008年间发生大宗股权交易的非流通股协议转让事件124起作为样本,就我国上市公司两权分离度等因素对控制权私有收益获取的影响进行了研究.得出了现金流权与控制权私有收益成负相关关系;两权分离度越高控制权私有收益也越高,终极控制权对私有收益的影响并不显著的结论.丰富了我国控制权私有收益影响因素的理论研究,为今后的深入研究提供了借鉴.     

公司控制权的隐性收益——来自中国非流通股转让市场的研究

现有关于公司治理结构的研究文献表明,公司的控股股东一般会利用其对公司的控制权,从中获取种种隐性收益。本文通过分析我国上市公司非流通股转让交易中,控股股份与非控股股份在转让价格上的差异,对我国上市公司控制权的隐性收益进行定量分析。本文分析结果表明,我国上市公司控制权的隐性收益水平约为流通股市价的4％,相当于非控股股东的非流通股转让价格的28％。研究还表明,控股股东对公司的控制力越强,则公司控制权的隐性收益便越高;而公司流通股规模越大,则公司控制权的隐性收益便越低。同时,公司负债并不能成为约束大股东掠夺行为的有效工具。     

高管公平性偏好、私人控制权收益与公司价值——来自A股上市公司行业基准的经验证据

文章以2007-2011年我国A股上市公司为样本,探讨了高管将其私人控制权收益在同行业内做比较时所产生的公平性感受对公司价值的影响,揭示了高管公平性偏好的作用机理。研究发现:(1)相对于股权分散或者存在股权制衡的公司,股权集中公司高管控制权收益绝对额及控制权收益-公司价值敏感性较高,而额外控制权收益的分布情况却与之大相径庭。国有控股公司的高管控制权收益绝对额均值最大,但额外控制权收益均值较小;而家族控股公司的高管控制权收益绝对额均值最小,但额外控制权收益均值较大。(2)控制权收益绝对额与额外控制权收益的激励方向相反。相对于股权分散或者存在股权制衡的公司,股权集中公司高管控制权收益绝对额显著降低公司价值,而正向额外控制权收益显著提升公司价值,负向额外控制权收益则显著降低公司价值。     

信息披露质量与控制权私人收益——以股权分置改革为背景

本文以2004—2010年我国上市公司发生股权转让交易事件为样本,研究了在股权分置改革背景下信息披露质量与控制权私人收益之间的关系。实证结果表明,股权分置改革后信息披露质量对控制权私人收益发挥了较大的作用。信息披露质量越高,控制权私人收益越低。     

控制权溢价测量方法综述

控制权价值测量的方法主要包括大宗股权转移的控制权溢价测度法、表决权溢价法、大小宗股权配对交易法、被ST前后的累积超额收益模型。国内外目前主要运用BH模型方法进行控制权价值测量。此外,结合国内对此的研究情况,对如何进一步进行控制权价值的衡量提供了建议。     

我国上市公司股票流动性价值分析

在股权分置背景下,我国上市公司流通股具有特殊的流动性价值,股权分置改革完成后,我国股票市场经历过大涨和大落,这和股改带来的股票流动性价值调整有一定关系。本文重点阐述股改后原非流通股和流通股流动性价值的新特征。     

政府干预、同属管辖与自利性股权转让市场反应研究——基于控制权转让溢价和内幕交易的视角

本文采用2001-2006年发生的407起上市公司大宗股权协议转让数据,研究了实际控制人性质、股权性质变更和控制权转让方式对转让溢价的影响,发现政府作为目标公司实际控制人,具有与非政府实际控制人所不同的掏空方式;政府实际控制人将控制权转让给不具有政府背景的并购方时,更倾向于收取较高的转让溢价;在政府普遍干预控制权市场的制度背景下,异地出让控制权带有明显的地方保护主义色彩;并购方收购目标公司的溢价越高,内幕交易越严重,宣告日前的累计超额收益成为大股东攫取控制权私有收益的最终实现形式。     

实际控制人属性、治理环境与控制权私人收益

笔者对不同定价基础的协议转让采用不同的计算公式衡量控制权私人收益.将上市公司实际控制人分为政府控制主体和非政府控制主体.并对2003年～2008年发生的控制权转移事件进行分析.结果表明:上市公司控制权私人收益处于较高水平,但股权分置改革后有所降低;政府控制公司的控制权私人收益小于非政府控制公司的控制权私人收益;治理环境越好,控制权私人收益越低.     

控制权转移的背景与控制权转移公司的特征研究

本文分析了我国控制权转移的制度背景 ,并以 1 999— 2 0 0 1年我国A股市场发生控制权有偿转移的上市公司作样本 ,考察我国控制权转移公司的特征。研究发现 ,我国目标公司的特征主要表现在 :管理层的效率低下 ;财务资源有限 ;资产规模相对较小 ;股权较分散 ;股权流动性较高 ;市净率较高。Logit回归模型的拟合预测得到 71 8%的正确率 ,能够较好地拟合预测目标公司 ,但并不表明投资者能因此而得到超额收益。     

IPO盈余"过度包装"的治理机制设计

中国A股上市公司IPO"过度包装"现象普遍存在,一个根本原因是当IPO公司的价值被高估时,对IPO公司的高定价行为缺乏有效的治理机制.本文在中国特定的环境下,分析了初始公司面临发股收益、持股收益与控制权收益组合时,IPO公司价值被高估没有约束机制以及引入约束时对于公司股票发行定价决策的影响.本文通过设计一个发股收益与控制权收益不可兼得的治理机制,可以把IPO盈余"过度包装"的融资行为内生化.     

中国股票市场外国投资者所有权投资的限制与市场分割

本文针对中国股票市场1992-1997年度的A股和B股的市场分割问题进行研究,并讨论了B股大幅度折价的原因.研究发现A、B股价差的主要原因是B股市场缺乏流动性.B股相对缺乏流动性导致了投资者较高的期望收益,因此定价较低,以补偿投资者增加的交易成本.但是,在这两类股票中,B股价格比A股价格更接近于市场基本面.因此,本文认为,1992-1997年度的中国股票市场,实际上是A股溢价,而不是B股折价.     

Collateral and growth cycles with heterogeneous agents

We investigate the effects of collateral and monetary policy on economic growth within a Ramsey equilibrium model where agents have different discount factors. Introducing liquidity constraints in segmented markets where (poor) impatient agents without collateral have limited access to credit, we study their implications in terms of welfare and business cycles (based on deterministic cycles through bifurcations and self-fulfilling prophecies). We find that an accommodative monetary policy may be growth-enhancing and welfare-improving (through the inequality reduction) while making unpleasant fluctuations more likely. Conversely, a regulation reinforcing the role of collateral and tempering the financial market imperfections may stimulate the economic growth while pursuing the goal of stabilization.     

我国封闭式基金折价交易的实证分析

中国封闭式基金市场基金普遍折价较为严重,并出现"封闭式基金折价之谜"所述的种种特征。通过描述我国上海证券交易所上市的封闭式基金的折价特征,用换手率、大盘指数以及剩余到期时间作为解释变量建立回归模型对基金折价率进行实证分析,表明换手率对基金折价影响显著,说明流动性因素是解释基金折价的重要原因;大盘指数对基金折价无解释能力;剩余到期时间也是影响基金折价的显著性因素。     

Liquidity Constraints and Investment in Transition Economies

We use Bulgarian firm-level data to investigate the impact of liquidity constraints on investment performance. Internal funds are an important determinant of investment in most industrialized countries. We test whether internal funds are important for firm investment during the current transition process in Bulgaria. We use a simple accelerator model of investment to test whether liquidity constraints are relevant in the case of Bulgaria. Our estimations are based on data for the period 1993–95, prior to the Bulgarian financial crisis in 1996–97. It turns out that Bulgarian firms are liquidity constrained, and that firms' size and financial structure help to distinguish between firms that are more and less liquidity constrained. In our view, liquidity constraints can be given a different interpretation in the case of transition economies as compared to Western economies. A more in depth analysis of the data reveals that liquidity constraints, and consequently the access to external funds for Bulgarian firm investment, are to be seen against the background of soft-budget constraints and the failure of the financial system to enforce an efficient allocation of funds. In our view, the lack of liquidity constraints may actually be seen as a sign of financial weakness in the case of Bulgaria.     

Pricing policies for a two-part exhaustible resource cartel: The case of OPEC

This paper examines pricing policies for OPEC under the assumption that the cartel is composed of a block of spender countries with large cash needs and a block of saver countries with little immediate need for cash and a lower rate of discount. The decision problem for the two-part cartel is embodied in a game-theoretic framework and the optimal bargaining solution is computed using results from the theory of cooperative games developed by Nash. The set of feasible bargaining points—and the corresponding Nash solution—is computed under two assumptions on the behavior of output shares: that they are subject to choice and that they are fixed at historical values. Our results suggest that for fixed output shares, there is little room for bargaining, and the price path approximates the optimal monopoly price path. If the shares are subject to control, optimal paths depend significantly on the relative bargaining power of each block.     

Firm growth and liquidity constraints: evidence from the manufacturing and service sectors in Italy

We use a large firm-level panel data set to analyse the relevance of liquidity constraints on firm growth in Italy. In most European countries, mainstream financial institutions are scantly able to provide affordable credit facilities to small firms. Thus, these firms are forced to finance their growth almost exclusively through retained earnings. We estimate a dynamic version of Gibrat-law, incorporating cash flow as a measure of financial constraints, for two different size classes within small and medium size enterprises and for several industries in manufacturing and service sectors. The findings show that, in general, small manufacturing firms have higher growth-cash flow sensitivities with respect to medium firms. Conversely, our results highlight, for the services, a significant heterogeneity in the impact of liquidity constraints on firm growth. In particular, the sensitivity of growth rates to the cash flow appears relatively high for small firms belonging to Knowledge Intensive Business Services. Validation of Gibrat-law in the services suggests that an important group of industries, with a superior capacity of encouraging firm’s competitiveness, need more financial resources to promote their growth and that of the manufacturing sectors with whom they are connected.     

流动性约束与货币政策的资产价格效应

本文在新凯恩斯主义分析框架下,基于一个动态随机模型探讨了代理人消费流动性约束下的货币政策的资产价格效应,得到下列结论：资产价格波动通过财富效应影响代理人的消费。以利率为操作目标的最优货币政策应对股价、房价等资产价格波动做出反应,而其反应强度依赖于受流动性约束的代理人所占的比重。由于资产价格波动导致了流动性约束的时变性,最优利率规则对股价、房价等资产价格波动的最优权重也具有时变性。本文的实证分析表明,我国央行对房价和股价波动的利率调整具有时变性,以及此次金融危机爆发期间显现的这种时变性特征,与本文理论分析结果相吻合。     

Stock liquidity and firm value: evidence from China

Empirical evidence for the effect of stock liquidity on firm value is limited and mixed due to a severe endogeneity problem. This article adds to the literature on this topic by providing new empirical evidence using the nontradable share reform in China as a quasi-natural experiment. Our results show that higher stock liquidity can lead to significant firm value improvement.     

Liquidity constraints and labor supply

In this paper we shed some light on how restrictions in financial markets, the so-called liquidity constraints, might act in affecting labour supply decisions of Italian workers. One way to neutralize the existence of binding liquidity constraints is simply by supplying additional labor, instead of reducing consumption. We estimate whether resorting to additional labor supply as a smoothing consumption device is at work by using the Italian Survey of Households Income and Wealth (SHIW). The longitudinal dimension of the SHIW dataset allows us to control for individual unobserved heterogeneity. We also use an IV strategy to address the endogeneity of our measure for credit constraints in labor supply equations due to time varying factors.Our results show that liquidity constraints increase the intensity in the supply of men׳s labor. Constrained men work, on average, 4 hours more than their unconstrained counterpart. Self-employed workers turn out to be more sensitive to binding liquidity constraints, possibly because they are more flexible in adjusting the intensity of their labor supply.     

中国股票市场流通性价值研究——基于非流通股协议转让与限售股转让的证据

文章利用股权分置改革前的非流通股协议转让样本与股权分置改革后的限售股票转让样本研究中国股票市场的流通性价值水平。研究结果表明,流通性存在价值,股权分置改革前,股票流通性价值水平均值约为66%,流通股市场的流动性显著影响股票流通性价值,但流通股的流动性与流通股价格波动率对股票流通性价值没有显著影响;股改后的股票流通性价值水平约为56%,流通股的流动性与波动性水平显著影响流通性价值。