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1.
城市自生群落具有重要的生态服务功能与潜力,但因其外貌不被公众所接受而难以在城市公共空间中应用。将群落生态学和设计学相结合,探索一种介入栽培植物对城市自生群落进行改良,最终形成具有一定美学价值的植物群落的途径。实验以植物群落设计美学原理和种间竞争原理为依据,向已经演替1年的城市自生群落中引入63种栽培植物,按照分层的方式对群落进行改良。3年的观测结果表明,有61.9%的栽培植物可以在城市自生群落中定居并建立优势,能对76.7%的自生植物起到抑制作用,使55.8%的自生植物消失。相比城市自生群落,改良后的群落美观度提高29.4%,公众接受度提高24%,群落的物种丰富度提高至2.29倍。相比一般的人工植物群落,改良后的群落可以节约58.2%的建植成本,降低83.9%的浇水成本和67.8%的除草成本。实验证明改良设计是一种可行的群落设计途径,能有效提高群落的物种丰富度和美学价值,同时让自然参与群落设计过程,实现人与自然的合作。  相似文献   

2.
垂直绿化能有效缓解城市建设用地紧张与绿地空间不足的矛盾,是改善城市生态环境、促进城市可持续发展的重要手段。如何设计景观效果良好且生态功能优良的垂直绿化植物群落,满足低成本、低消耗、低维护与易管理的诉求,是当前城市垂直绿化亟待解决的问题。以城市中心区墙体自生植物为研究对象,分析墙体自生植物的物种组成、群落结构及其与城市墙体微环境的关系。并基于新自然主义生态种植设计理念,从植物种类选择和植物群落构建2个方面来探讨墙体自生植物在城市垂直绿化中的应用潜力,以期为快速城市化进程中城市垂直绿化的发展提供新的思路与方法。  相似文献   

3.
城市植物多样性直接影响着城市生态系统的功能与 稳定性。基于重庆市主城区公园植物的样地调查数据,从生 活型、来源类型2个方面对公园植物多样性开展研究。调查 统计得到107科257属347种植物,表明重庆主城区公园植 物种类丰富。3种生活型植物中,草本植物的物种丰富度、 Shannon-Wiener多样性、功能性状平均距离指数均为最 高,乔木植物的Pielou物种均匀度、功能离散度、Rao二次 熵指数和功能均匀度均为最高。3类生活型植物的功能性状差 异显著。总体上固氮植物占比较低,虫媒、动物传粉植物占比 最高。与乡土植物相比,外来植物仍具有较高的多样性,外来 植物的引入丰富了功能性状、提高了物种数。基于研究结果, 建议重庆市公园建设进一步重视功能性状的选择和应用,提高 乡土植物的功能多样性。本研究的结论和方法为中国城市植物 多样性保护与研究、可持续城市建设提供参考。  相似文献   

4.
根据自然生态恶化的现象,笔者通过1959年-2009年近50年自然植被群落调查结果对比,通过75个标准地分析,充分揭示了植物种群群落随着自然环境条件改变而发生变化的内在因素,也证明在自然复合因素胁迫的驱动下,植物群落退化的现实.自然植物群落因地下水位下降,所致植物群落萎缩、退化,沙漠化面积不断扩大,严重影响人居环境.并结合导致退化的原因,提出了自然植被生态修复治理的对策.  相似文献   

5.
社区公园是利用率最高的城市绿地类型之一,其生 物多样性水平与居民的健康福祉息息相关。作为生物迁移的踏 脚石和城市生态网络的重要节点,其生物多样性水平的提升对 整体城市生态环境改善十分重要。以北京市4个小型社区公园 为研究区域,以鸟类作为生物多样性指示类群,从公园生境结 构和干扰控制两方面入手,探究基于鸟类多样性提升的社区公 园空间设计策略。相关性分析结果表明,小梯度增加公园面积 或绿地率对小面积的社区公园鸟类多样性影响并不明显。提升 微生境丰富度、植物丰富度、灌木盖度,适当增加竖向层次丰 富的植物空间,增加植被高度及水面的设置对鸟类多样性提升 可产生积极影响。另外,通过地形堆叠、调整植物种植模式来 进行有效的公园边界设计,能够快速削弱外部交通干扰,合理 的功能布局则能对公园内部的游憩干扰起到控制作用。  相似文献   

6.
根据群落的生态外貌,种类组成及生境特点对天柱山的群落类型作了粗略的划分,从中阐明各植物群落的分布、特点及内在联系,为今后更进一步研究本地区的植物及合理开发利用,提供一些理论依据。  相似文献   

7.
增加植被绿化是调节城市微气候和改善城市热岛效应的主要策略之一。然而,对竹类植物群落的微气候特征和热舒适度调节却鲜有研究。以杭州11种常见竹类植物为研究对象,分析了不同竹类植物群落的微气候变化特征,并采用不舒适指数来评价不同竹类植物群落对人体热舒适度的影响。结果显示,不同竹类植物群落与对照点相比,其空气温度、相对湿度以及光照强度存在显著差异。与对照点相比,乔木状竹类植物群落能够降低空气温度1.5~2.6℃,增加相对湿度3.0%~7.9%,遮光率达95.4%~99.9%。不同竹类植物群落与对照点相比,其平均不舒适指数的差异表现为极显著。与对照点相比,乔木状竹类植物不舒适指数降低2.1%~3.5%。通过对微气候因子与竹类植物群落冠层结构特征之间的相关性分析表明,冠层结构特征对植物群落微气候和不舒适指数起着重要的调节作用。本次研究可以提供更多关于竹类植物缓解热岛效应的基础知识,有助于在风景园林规划设计中合理选择竹类植物种类,从而改善城市热环境。  相似文献   

8.
识别物种多样性OUV表征指标,对于世界物种多样性类别自然遗产价值的认知、评估与监测具有重要意义。在对国内外物种多样性评价体系中具有普适性价值指标的初步筛选与分类的基础上,以206项自然遗产与35项混合遗产为研究对象,通过分析表征指标的频次、相关性、回归贡献值与多维聚类度,构建了以稀有性、多样性、代表性和重要性为主的四大类含13项特征的世界自然遗产物种多样性OUV表征指标体系。其中,重点指标4项即濒危物种、物种丰富度、物种特有度和重要物种,一般指标7项即物种相对多度、物种密度、旗舰物种、地方性物种、珍稀物种、红色名录指数和标志物种,参考指标2项即古老孑遗物种和关键物种。该表征指标体系的构建对于自然遗产价值的认知与保护,特别是物种多样性类别遗产的研究、申报、规划与管理具有现实意义。  相似文献   

9.
城市绿地对于提高城市人居环境质量、维护居民公 共健康具有重要作用。空气负离子是评价城市空气清洁度的基 本参数之一。以北京奥林匹克森林公园绿地为例,选定典型植 物群落结构、群落类型及典型景观环境样点,基于多年连续动 态持续测定并选取典型年度数据(2020年),分析和阐释该公 园绿地区域空气负离子空间的分异特征。结果表明,在公园绿 地中不同植物群落结构区域的空气负离子浓度:复层>双层> 单层、乔草>乔灌>灌草;不同植物群落类型区域的空气负离 子浓度:落叶阔叶型>常绿针叶型>草本地被型>针阔叶混交 型>灌丛;不同典型景观环境中的空气负离子浓度:滨水植物 群落>复层/单层植物群落>滨水广场;公园绿地空气负离子 浓度与郁闭度、叶面积指数呈现显著的相关关系。研究结果为 基于循证设计的功能型城市绿地规划设计及更新优化提供基础 科学依据。  相似文献   

10.
农村金融多样性对农民创业影响的作用机制研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
新一轮农村金融改革背景下,金融多样性发展对改善农村金融服务、推动农村经济发展转型具有重要意义.文章利用CLDS2012提供的村庄层面金融多样性信息,实证研究了村庄金融多样性对农民创业决策的影响.结果表明:(1)金融多样性对农民创业决策有显著促进作用.具体而言,金融多样性每增加一个标准差,农民创业概率将提高0.8个百分点;(2)金融多样性能有效促进"雇主"型创业,而对"自雇"型创业无显著影响;(3)非正规金融机构对农民创业的促进作用明显强于正规金融机构;(4)正规金融机构有助于"雇主"型创业,而非正规金融机构有助于"自雇"型创业;(5)金融多样性有助于提升农民未来"雇主"型创业的意愿.文章不仅为理解金融发展影响经济增长的微观机制提供了经验证据,而且为提升农村地区创业活力提供了政策启示.  相似文献   

11.
Abandoned industrial sites have traditionally constituted an important source of environmental problems. However, such sites are considered in many cases a historic heritage, and in this way, have been protected with different legal dispositions. Mining activities can be considered a special type of industrial site in that they encompass not only architectural but also landscape elements related to geology or topography. The necessity of developing new economic opportunities in these places, whose economy has been traditionally based on the “mining monoculture”, has resulted in the creation of a cultural revival in some mining sites. Nevertheless, these new economic potentials must be compatible with the obligation to maintain a low environmental risk in sites where the heavy metal concentrations are very high. The Cartagena-La Unión Mining District in Southern Spain is an example of such a case. This paper reviews the environmental situation in that area and the initiatives for establishing a cultural tourism. The goal of this paper is to incite the public debate about the balance between environmental risks, cultural safeguarding and economic development.  相似文献   

12.
康纪田 《经济与管理》2013,(8):93-96,F0003
矿山企业,离不开社区民众的支持、容忍和默契,与所在社区民众是一种相互依存的社会关系;不只是矿业社区建设的消费者,更不是旁观者,而是社区建设的主要责任者。矿山企业不能将市场行为带入社区生活而损害社区民众的既有权益,必须承担维护社区建设的社会责任;社区中的"矿山企业公民"角色,应将经济人自利理性转换为社会人利他理性,成为社区民众的好伙伴、好邻居,承担推进矿业社区建设的社会责任。矿业企业在矿业社区建设中必须和应当承担的社会责任,既是挑战也是发展机遇。  相似文献   

13.
常绿阔叶林恢复过程植物物种多样性的变化   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
Evergreen broad-leaved forest is one of the most important vegetation types in China. Because of the human activities, evergreen broad-leaved forest has been destroyed extensively, leading to degraded ecosystem. It is urgent to conserve and restore these natural forests in China.tn this paper, the tendency and rate of species diversity restoration of the evergreen broad-lea ved forest in Darning Mountain has been studied. The main results are as follows:(a) in subtropical mid-mountain area, species diversity in degraded evergreen broad-leaved forest can be restored. Through analyzing b diversity index of communities in different time and space, it was found that the species composition of communities tend to be the same as that in the zonal evergreen broad-leaved forest. (b) The restoration rate of evergreen broad-leaved forest was very fast. Planting Chinese fir after clear-cutting and controlled burning of the forest 178 species appeared in a 60Om^2, sample area after 20 years““ natural recovering. Among these species, 58 were tree layer and the height of community reached 18m, The survey suggested that it would take only 20 years for the degraded forest to develop into community composed of light demanding broad-leaved pioneer trees and rain-tolerance broad-leaved trees, and it need another 40-80 years to reach the stage consisting of min-tulerance evergreen broad-leaved trees, (c) Species number increased quickly at the early stage (2-20 years) during vegetation recovering process toward the climax, and decreased at the min-stage (50-60 years ), then maintained a relatively stable level at the late-stage (over 150 years).  相似文献   

14.
This paper models the bio-economic diversity dynamics of a marine ecosystem made up by its entire commercial fish species and, from the fitted model, obtains a quantitative measure of its resilience to disturbance in terms of recovery time after a shock. Such shocks might be produced by both, downturns in catches and/or prices related to changing regulatory and environmental conditions. To that end, monthly time series of bio-economic diversity indices will be used and the framework of a mixed cyclical ARFIMA joint with a GARCH type heteroscedaticity model will be explored to analyse the dynamic properties of such indices and, based on the estimated impulse response functions (IRF) to measure the effects and duration of a unitary random shock or disturbance. One of our findings is that bio-economic diversity is a mean-reverting process with an estimated recovery time between 7 and 10 years.  相似文献   

15.
我国磷矿石、磷化工企业和磷石膏库主要分布在长江流域,是长江流域总磷超标的重要原因。目前长江流域"三磷"综合整治已取得阶段性进展,但仍存在资源综合利用不充分,污染治理与监管不严,"三磷"产业链发展无序等问题。针对这些问题,提出长江流域"三磷"综合整治的"十四五"策略:(1)重塑全球"三磷"格局,以破解长江"三磷"难题。增加海外磷矿石、磷酸和磷肥等进口,限制国内磷矿开采规模和出口。(2)加强"三磷"规范管理,发展磷清洁生产产业。尽快建立完善"三磷"相关的管理规范和行业要求,严格产业环保标准。(3)推动"三磷"科技创新,加强科技精准帮扶。推进"三磷"的综合利用、风险防控等方面的创新研究,切实提高资源综合利用率。  相似文献   

16.
The paper uses survey data from 1458 households in 60 communities from 24 districts in 5 regions of Ghana and logistic regression to examine conflicts as a contest for mineral wealth in mining communities, estimates the determinants of conflicts in these mining communities and examines how these contests could erode and/or enhance Ghana’s gains from mining. The paper finds that the likelihood of a conflict occurring in a mining area is about 56.7%. Village effect was found to be a significant positive predictor of mining conflict. Also, improvement in primary education, employment opportunities to community members of ages 25–50, the strength of institutions and the absence of small-scale miners in a mining community reduces the probability of conflicts occurring by 12.8, 35.8, 6.57 and 17.7%, respectively. While an increase in pollution levels increases the likelihood of conflicts occurring by 7.1%, primary occupation in manufacturing and services, and increase in household monthly expenditure significantly increases the likelihood of conflicts within the mining communities as the cost of living increases.  相似文献   

17.
Mining activities and tourism are both growing fast in biodiversity intense areas globally. However, the dynamic and interactions between mining and tourism when they both occur in biodiversity hotspots, and how they together may impact the economy and environment in these biodiversity rich areas, remain unclear. This paper examined how the two industries interact in terms of their economic contributions and spatial patterns in a biodiversity hotspot, Yunnan, China. We used correlation analyses to measure the relationships between mining activities, tourism visits and local gross domestic productions. We also employed a distance-based technique to investigate the nature of any dependency between mining and tourism sites. Results showed that mining activities tend to be in relatively fluent areas while tourism tends to occur in less developed areas. Our results showed that the location of tourism and mining sites are likely to be close to one another but the two industries usually perform better economically when they are apart from each other. These findings can provide insights on how mining and tourism together may impact the economy and environment in biodiversity rich areas, and provide important information for managers and planners on balancing mining and tourism development in these areas.  相似文献   

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