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1.
针对高校高层次人才特殊的薪酬需求,运用马斯洛的需要层次理论、亚当斯的公平理论和弗罗姆的期望理论等相关激励理论,在高层次人才薪酬管理、薪酬分配及薪酬体系等方面获得几点启示。  相似文献   

2.
西部大开发为我国西部地区的发展提供了一个难得的机遇。西部地区是否能抓住这个机遇,很重量要的一个方面是如何吸引人才,留住人才,并使人才最大限度地为西部作贡献。 一、马斯洛需要层次理论的基本内容 美国心理学家马斯洛在1943年提出了“需要层次论”。这一理论50多年来流行甚广,是国外心理学家试图揭示需要规律的主要理论。层次论的基本内容如下: 1.需要层次论把人类多种多样的需要按照发生的先后次序分为五个等级:(1)生理需要。这是人类最原始的基本需要,包括饥、渴、性和其它生理机能的需要。这些需要不能得到满足,人类的生存就成了问题。(2)安全需要。当一人的生  相似文献   

3.
浅析高校知识型人才效益最大化的激励对策   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
识型人才的竞争越演越烈,应根据知识型人才的需求层次和特征,应用现代激励理论,有效激励知识型人才,提高管理的综合效益,实现引进的高层次知识型人才效益最大化.  相似文献   

4.
马斯洛的需要层次理论为五年制高职学生班级管理提供了丰富的理论基础,也成为在班级管理中贯彻"以人为本"思想立足点。从需要层次理论出发,根据五年制高职学生的五种需要来分析如何使班级管理更加有效。  相似文献   

5.
张旭 《经济研究导刊》2009,(23):176-177
根据马斯洛的需要层次理玲,人的需要在客观上是存在层次的,而且人的需要与欲望会随着社会环境和经济水平的发展不断变化和升级。因此,从餐饮管理的市场营销出发,探析需要层次理论在餐饮市场细分与品牌发展中的应用具有重要的意义。  相似文献   

6.
中国驻日企业管理模式研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
川口敦司 《开放时代》2001,10(5):101-110
中国的企业人力资源管理需要提升到另一种层次,培养熟悉外国企业管理的高素质人才,才能满足新经济条件下的商业需要,进而提高中国的跨国企业的竞争力。本文旨在借中日人力资源管理的实例揭示异国企业文化的差异,涉及到将帅必备的素质──运用《孙子兵法》的理论、关国人类学家“文化与人格”学派本尼迪克特的人类学理论“文化多种模式”和人本主义心理学的创始人马斯洛的“需求层次理论”,以此来论证成功管理跨国企业的理想人才所必须具备的条件。  相似文献   

7.
西部地区人才引进战略研究   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
西部地区缺乏的不是人才 ,而是对人才的需求以及由此而产生的人才供给不足。人才引进的实质是通过改善宏观和微观经济环境 ,提高人才的边际生产率 ,扩大西部对人才的需求 ,打破低层次的人才供需均衡 ,引导均衡点从较低层次的均衡状态转移到较高层次的均衡状态 ,实现新的高层次的均衡。本文根据西部人才资源的现状 ,从经济学的角度出发 ,通过分析人才的需求决定因素及人才需求与人才供给之间的关系 ,对如何通过提高人才的边际生产率、扩大人才需求、刺激人才需求实现西部地区成功引进高层次人才进行了理论探讨 ,并提出了相应的对策建议。  相似文献   

8.
薪酬管理新思路:宽带薪酬制   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
根据马斯洛的层次需要理论,人类最基本的需要是生存需要,人们为了满足这种需要就需去工作以获得金钱,达到保证生存的物质条件,所以薪酬一直是企业人力资源工作的重点。薪酬使用得当就能吸引、保留和激励人才,使用不当则可能给企业带来危机。随着知识经济时代的到来,管理环境的变化给企业的薪酬管理带来一系列变革,传统的以职位等级为特征的薪酬体系弊端逐渐显现,以绩效为主的宽带薪酬体系正在形成和应用。  相似文献   

9.
需要层次理论对国有企业经营者激励的启示   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
陈蕊  张毅 《生产力研究》2005,(1):157-158
国有企业经营者是我国经营管理人才中的重要组成部分 ,他们的积极性直接影响到国有企业改革的成败。本文从马斯洛的需要层次理论引出对国有企业经营者需求的分析 ,从而得出对其进行激励的关键因素———报酬机制和环境因素。  相似文献   

10.
1.开发培养对象多元化。根据金融改革和发展目标的需要,要强化用人单位在人才开发培养中的主体地位,把人才开发培养纳入单位的发展规划,科学制定各类人才的培养目标,形成一个初、中、高不同层次人才分类开发、逐级提高的“塔式结构”,实现人才队伍的协调发展。  相似文献   

11.
Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to introduce explicitly pleasure and belief in what aims at being a Humean theory of decision, like the one developed in Diaye and Lapidus (2005a). Although we support the idea that Hume was in some way a hedonist – evidently different from Bentham's or Jevons' way – we lay emphasis less on continuity than on the specific kind of hedonism encountered in Hume's writings (chiefly the Treatise, the second Enquiry, the Dissertation, or some of his Essays). Such hedonism clearly contrasts to its standard modern inheritance, expressed by the relation between preferences and utility.

The reason for such a difference with the usual approach lies in the mental process that Hume puts to the fore in order to explain the way pleasure determines desires and volition. Whereas pleasure is primarily, in Hume's words, an impression of sensation, it takes place in the birth of passions as reflecting an idea of pleasure, whose “force and vivacity” is precisely a “belief”, transferred to the direct passions of desire or volition that come immediately before action. As a result, from a Humean point of view, “belief” deals with decision under risk or uncertainty, as well as with intertemporal decision and indiscrimination problems.

The latter are explored within a formal framework, and it is shown that the relation of pleasure is transformed by belief into a non-empty class of relations of desire, among which at least one is a preorder.  相似文献   

12.
This article seeks to evaluate the appropriateness of a variety of existing forecasting techniques (17 methods) at providing accurate and statistically significant forecasts for gold price. We report the results from the nine most competitive techniques. Special consideration is given to the ability of these techniques to provide forecasts which outperforms the random walk (RW) as we noticed that certain multivariate models (which included prices of silver, platinum, palladium and rhodium, besides gold) were also unable to outperform the RW in this case. Interestingly, the results show that none of the forecasting techniques are able to outperform the RW at horizons of 1 and 9 steps ahead, and on average, the exponential smoothing model is seen providing the best forecasts in terms of the lowest root mean squared error over the 24-month forecasting horizons. Moreover, we find that the univariate models used in this article are able to outperform the Bayesian autoregression and Bayesian vector autoregressive models, with exponential smoothing reporting statistically significant results in comparison with the former models, and classical autoregressive and the vector autoregressive models in most cases.  相似文献   

13.
John Stuart Mill has traditionally been portrayed as self-contradictory and failing to construct a unified social theory. Recent scholarship, however, has challenged this view, finding Mill's work to be creatively synthetic in bridging the antinomies inherent in liberal democratic thought. This revisionist interpretation of Mill is advanced by an understanding of his theory of justice and its role in shaping his policy positions on issues such as welfare, education, voting rights, property rights, taxation, government intervention, and the future of capitalism.  相似文献   

14.
Arik Hesseldahl In the aftermath of the September 11 attacks, U.S. officials quickly turned their attention to other potential targets, including California's Golden Gate Bridge. What would happen if terrorists took down the bridge between San Francisco and Marin County? How much of the region would be affected and for how long?  相似文献   

15.
In principle, we want regulatory programs to be based on current realities, as reflected for example in the best knowledge of relevant experts. That would imply that old rules now on the books should be consistent with today's knowledge base, not just what was known when a rule or standard was originally set. This paper reports on a survey of US programs, examining how often existing rules are actually updated in light of better knowledge, and identifies five programs that attempt to make policy routinely adaptive. These programs exhibit what we term Planned Adaptation: they both revise rules when relevant new knowledge appears, and take steps to produce such improved knowledge. While Planned Adaptation is rare, it is used in several nationally prominent programs, including air pollution, airplane safety, and drug safety. Planned Adaptation is a policy tool that deserves more attention.  相似文献   

16.
Neoliberal political movements advocate privatization of public pension systems. Globalization imposes pressure on nations to conform to neoliberal policy views with respect to the design and structure of social insurance, including public pension systems. The paper begins with an investigation of the economic, ethical and ideological dimensions of the privatization debates in the U.S.; it argues that privatization advocates may be largely moved by ideology, since the other reasons advanced appear weak or unfounded. The second part discusses the history of Social Security, the purposes for its creation, and some of its economic effects. Differences between public and private pension systems are considered. A brief international comparison of some aspects of public pension system finance and benefit structures is presented. The final section considers the ethical, macroeconomic and distributional implications of privatization, prefunding and payroll tax funding, and argues for a pay as you go system financed with income taxes. In order to promote equity, economic security, community, and social cohesion, public pension systems should be universal in coverage. In order to reduce the inequality, income insecurity, and aged poverty generated by market economies, public pension systems ought to be progressive: benefit/contribution ratios should be inversely proportional to income, and progressive income taxes should finance the system. To promote economic growth, the systems should be financed on a pay-as-you-go basis, and should not be prefunded except for an emergency reserve. The fiscal policy recommendations partially depend upon the theory developed by Abba Lerner in the 1940s, and recently advanced by Wynne Godley and Randy Wray: Lerner's “principle of functional finance.”  相似文献   

17.
中国拥有世界五分之一强的人口 ,收入又在迅速增长。因此 ,国际上很自然地会考虑或推测她在今后的几十年是否有能力养活自己。中国的人口预计将从 2 0 0 0年的 1 2 8亿增长到 2 0 2 0年的 1 4 6亿 ,和 2 0 3 0年的 1 4 9亿。与此同时 ,人均收入的增长将导致对家畜和鱼类产品更大的需求 ,因而对饲料的需求也将有很大的增长  相似文献   

18.
19.
Although he was much influenced by David Ricardo when he wrote the classical part of his Principles , John Stuart Mill was not a Ricardian when he penned his theories of wealth and distribution. They are based on a triple foundation. First, a belief that economics is a moral discipline. Second a theory of custom-driven human behavior. Third, an empirically formed conviction that the institutions of state, education and business cooperate to structure the distribution of income. On the basis of these presuppositions, Mill formulated 1) an institutional theory of the formation of human and non-human wealth and 2) an even more institutional theory of distribution demonstrating how the aforementioned institutions malignantly skew the distribution of income to the advantage of the propertied classes and to the extreme disadvantage of the working class. As a social economist, Mill recommended institutional reforms designed to eradicate the poverty of the working class.  相似文献   

20.
The buildup of so-called greenhouse gases in the atmosphere — CO2 in particular-appears to be having an adverse impact on the global climate. This paper briefly reviews current expectations with regard to physical and biological effects, their potential costs to society, and likely costs of abatement. For a worst case scenario it is impossible to assess, in economic terms, the full range of possible non-linear synergistic effects. In the most favorable (although not necessarily likely) case (of slow-paced climate change), however, it seems likely that the impacts are within the affordable range, at least in the industrialized countries of the world. In the third world the notion of affordability is of doubtful relevance, making the problem of quantitative evaluation almost impossible. We tentatively assess the lower limit of quantifiable climate-induced damages at $30 to $35 per ton of CO2 equivalent, worldwide, with the major damages being concentrated in regions most adversely affected by sea-level rise. The non-quantifiable environmental damages are also significant and should by no means be disregarded.The costs and benefits of (1) reducing CFC use and (2) reducing fossil fuel consumption, as a means of abatement, are considered in some detail. This strategy has remarkably high indirect benefits in terms of reduced air pollution damage and even direct cost savings to consumers. The indirect benefits of reduced air pollution and its associated health and environmental effects from fossil-fuel combustion in the industrialized countries range from $20 to $60 per ton of CO2 eliminated. In addition, there is good evidence that modest (e.g. 25%) reductions in CO2 emissions may be achievable by the U.S. (and, by implication, for other countries) by a combination of increased energy efficiency and restructuring that would permit simultaneous direct economic benefits (savings) to energy consumers of the order of $50 per ton of CO2 saved. A higher level of overall emissions reduction — possibly approaching 50% — could probably be achieved, at little or not net cost, by taking advantage of these savings.We suggest the use of taxes on fossil fuel extraction (or a carbon tax) as a reasonable way of inducing the structural changes that would be required to achieve significant reduction in energy use and CO2 emissions. To minimize the economic burden (and create a political constituency in support of the approach) we suggest the substitution of resource-based taxes in general for other types of taxes (on labor, income, real estate, or trade) that are now the main sources of government revenue. While it is conceded that it would be difficult to calculate the optimal tax on extractive resources, we do not think this is a necessary prerequisite to policy-making. In fact, we note that the existing tax system has never been optimized according to theoretical principles, and is far from optimal by any reasonable criteria.During the academic year 1989–90 Dr. Ayres was at the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Laxenburg, Austria.During the summer of 1989 Mr. Walter was a member of the Young Scientists' Summer Program at IIASA.  相似文献   

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