我国财政货币政策的作用空间及组合效用研究

我国财政货币政策同时发挥效力不足,搭配模式不完善,限制了其作用空间。后危机时代,切实加强财政货币政策组合效用发挥显得尤为重要。运用圣路易斯模型对我国改革开放以来财政政策和货币政策的相对有效性进行检验,可以得出结论:货币政策的作用空间总体上大于财政政策。为此,要推进体制市场化,完善政策效应传导机制;要政策配合多元化,发挥政策综合效应;要加快工具新型化,促进政策手段协调;要使合作领域重点化,重视特定领域配合。     

我国财政政策与货币政策的实践及启示

我国财政政策与货币政策的实践及启示赵雪恒围绕着经济增长总量的增减变化,财政政策和货币政策在实施中大致有三种类型：一是扩张性政策或称膨胀性政策,简称松的政策,通常是在社会总供给过剩而社会总需求严重不足时采用的政策。财政政策表现为减税计利,扩大财政支出,...     

财政、货币政策的有效性与汇率制度的选择

近些年来,政府以积极的财政、货币政策为中心,通过采取诸如增发国债、降低利率等措施,对促进我国国民经济的平稳复苏与持续增长起到了促进作用。然而,由于我国目前仍实行相对僵硬的汇率制度,也从相当程度上影响了扩张性财政、货币政策的经济效应。本文运用开放经济下的蒙代尔—弗莱明模型,通过对不同汇率制度下财政、货币政策有效性的比较分析,提出了我国应实行更加灵活宽松汇率制度的基本设想。 一、不同汇率制度下财政、货币政策的有效性 　　要分析不同汇率制度下财政、货币政策的有效性,需要以蒙代尔—弗莱明模型作为研究的…     

浅析中国货币政策变迁的市场化路径

我国货币政策的改革及发展,体现了我国经济体制由高度集中向市场化的转变,较好地适应了经济体制及金融体系的变迁。本文以市场化的视角,系统论述改革开放以来我国货币政策体系改革、变迁、演进的渐进主义路径,总结、归纳了我国货币政策适应市场化经济体制变化的特点,并对我国货币政策未来变革及演进方向进行了展望。     

从财政及货币政策视角看中国的总供需

按照凯恩斯主义宏观经济学框架,构建了一个包含财政—货币政策的总供需（AS-AD）模型,该模型包括五个线性方程。以该模型为基础,结合中国1995—2007年共十三年的宏观经济季度数据,展开实证分析验证,并根据验证的结果得出最终结论。     

基于IS-LM模型的我国财政货币政策有效性分析

本文首先简单介绍了IS-LM模型的结构,再对我国IS-LM模型进行定性分析,并通过历史数据验证,得出我国IS、LM曲线均较陡峭的结论,最后拟对我国现行积极的财政政策和适当宽松的货币政策的有效性进行分析并给出建议.     

完善我国财政货币政策操作的建议

2003年以来,在经济运行出现转折的关键时刻,财政、货币政策都做出了相应调整。政策调整的取向和政策搭配,基本契合经济周期不同发展阶段稳定经济运行的内在要求,体现了财政、货币政策各自的特点。今后一段时期,是我国从中等收入国家向高收入国家跨越的关键时期,也是全面改革向纵深发展的关键时期,经济运行环境复杂多变,宏观调控面临巨大挑战。应从五方面着手,完善财政、货币政策操作:综合利用多方面经济信息,实施区间管理;提高货币政策独立性,提高货币政策灵活性;建立统一全面的预算制度,消除内在不一致性;加强财政政策、货币政策以及其他政策间的协调;提高政策设计水平,提高政策实施效果。     

Optimal fiscal and monetary policies in the face of rare disasters

This paper studies optimal fiscal and monetary policies in an economy exposed to large adverse shocks (rare disasters). We contrast optimal policies under commitment and discretion and identify several striking differences between these institutional environments. A government that can commit to its policy plans relies heavily on debt to smooth the adverse effects of large shocks over time. Lack of commitment seriously limits the government's ability to use debt as a shock absorber. Under discretion, an increase in debt leads to an increase in inflation expectations and therefore higher nominal interest rate distortions. Hence, the discretionary government keeps debt in close vicinity of its steady-state level, and the response of taxes, inflation, and interest rates to shocks is much more pronounced under discretion than under commitment. This is particularly relevant for large shocks and when the initial stock of government debt is already high at the time the shock occurs. We also argue that the adverse welfare effects of disasters are larger under discretion than under commitment, but these welfare differentials can be significantly reduced by making the discretionary government inflation averse.     

How to avoid the consequences of anticipated monetary policies

Summary. This paper analyzes how monetary policy in an overlapping generations model can be designed to avoid inflationary consequences of anticipated changes of monetary policies. Avoiding these inflationary consequences will require a once and for all increase (decrease) in monetary growth immediately before the policy switch takes place if the relative risk aversion is greater (less) than unity. If the relative risk aversion is greater than unity, the avoidance of inflationary consequences is also time-consistent. Moreover, a general monetary feedback rule ensures that the economy picks the steady state with the lowest inflation rate. Our results suggest that the difference between unanticipated and anticipated policy switches may not be as important as generally assumed, because the consequences of the latter can be neutralized. Received: September 19, 1995; revised version: July 27, 1998     

The impact of Chinese monetary policy on co-movements between money and capital markets

From 2010 to 2017, with interest rate liberalization and capital market development in China, the impact of monetary policies on China’s financial markets underwent continuous evolution. Using the DCC-GARCH model, this study investigates the transmission process of monetary policies from the money market to capital markets (stock and bond markets). The results show that in the early stage the instability of the money and stock markets and the downturn in the bond market are primarily caused by the block of monetary policy transmission and the paucity of fund sources in the capital markets. Subsequently, the outbreak of the 2013 money shortage and the 2015 stock market crash are also closely related to monetary policies. In the later periods, the money and stock markets maintain a low degree of correlation for a long time, reducing the impact of destabilizing factors on the stock market. By contrast, with the advancement of interest rate reform and the optimization of bond market structure, the bond market is highly relevant to the money market. The central bank regulates the bond market more effectively using both traditional and innovative monetary policy tools.     

An empirical evaluation of China’s monetary policies

This paper investigates the responsiveness of the Chinese government’s monetary policies in terms of the money supply and interest rates to economic conditions and the effectiveness of these policies in achieving the goals of stimulating economic growth and controlling inflation. We analyze the responsiveness and effectiveness by estimating the Taylor rule, the McCallum rule, and a vector autoregressive model using quarterly data in the period of 1992-2009. The results show that, overall, the monetary policy variables respond to economic growth and the inflation rate, but the magnitudes of the responses are much weaker than those observed in market economies. Money supply responded actively to both the inflation rate and the real output and had certain effects on the future inflation rates and real output. The official interest rates, on the other hand, responded passively to the inflation rate and did not respond to the real output. They do not have any effect on future inflation rates and real output either.     

Labor immobility and the transmission mechanism of monetary policy in a monetary union

It is believed that a common monetary policy in a monetary union will have identical effects on different countries as long as these countries have identical fundamentals. We show that, when there is specialization in production, the terms of trade react to the shock. The transmission mechanism of a monetary shock has in this case an additional channel, the terms of trade. This is the case even if state contingent assets can be traded across countries. For a reasonable parametrization, the differential on the transmission across countries is quantitatively significant when compared with the effect on the union's aggregates. Monetary shocks create cycles with higher volatility in “poor” countries than in “richer” ones.     

Using pre-EMU money market rates to assess monetary policy in the euro area

This note addresses the problems arising when using national pre-EMU interest rate data in the estimation of monetary policy reaction functions for the euro area. We provide evidence that failing to adjust for interest rate risk premia leads to an overestimation of the response of monetary policy both to inflationary pressures and to the output gap. A method for adjusting pre-EMU interest rate data for risk premia is proposed.     

宏观政策对中国经济波动的影响模拟

文章通过建立一个包含货币政策、具有自动稳定机制的财政政策、金融中介机构以及粘性价格、粘性工资等特性的新凯恩斯主义动态随机一般均衡模型(DSGE),在校准模型结构参数的基础上,运用脉冲响应技术手段分析了财政政策、货币政策以及贷款、消费偏好等8个外生随机冲击对我国经济波动的影响。研究发现：货币供应量、消费偏好和政府购买支出等冲击均导致我国经济上升,即产出和通货膨胀均上升,贷款和技术冲击导致产出增加而通货膨胀下降,投资调整成本冲击导致产出和通货膨胀均下降,价格加成和工资加成冲击均导致产出下降、通货膨胀上升;货币供应量、技术和投资调整成本冲击是我国经济波动的主要来源,财政政策对中国经济波动的影响相对较小。     

Optimal monetary and fiscal policies in a search theoretic model of monetary exchange

Search models of monetary exchange commonly assume that terms of trade in anonymous markets are determined via Nash bargaining, which generally causes monetary equilibrium to be inefficient. Bargaining frictions add to the classical intertemporal distortion present in most monetary models, whereby agents work today to obtain cash that can be used only in future transactions. In this paper, we study the properties of optimal fiscal and monetary policy within the framework of Lagos and Wright (2005). We show that fiscal policy can be implemented to alleviate underproduction while money is still essential. If lump sum monetary transfers are available, a production subsidy can restore the efficiency of monetary equilibria. The Friedman rule belongs to the optimal policy set, but higher inflation rates are also possible. When lump-sum monetary transfers are not available, equilibrium allocations are generally not first-best. Nevertheless, fiscal policy still results in substantial welfare gains. Money can be extracted from circulation via a sales tax on decentralized market activities, and the Friedman rule is only optimal if the buyer has relatively low bargaining power.     

Credibility and commitment of monetary policy in open economies

We study the delegation of monetary policy to independent central bankers in a two-country world with monetary spillovers. It is shown that, under the hypotheses of imperfect commitment and private information, the equilibrium degree of commitment depends on the correlation structure of the shocks hitting the economies. When the correlation is negative (as when the variance of output depends mainly on shocks to the terms of trade) there is strategic complementarity in the degree of commitment in the two countries. When the correlation is positive (common technological or demand shocks) there is strategic substitutability. In this latter case, the degree of commitment is shown to be increasing in the correlation among shocks. Common components in the international business cycle have been shown in several studies to be relatively more relevant in developed countries. Therefore, our results may contribute to explaining why the institutional solution to the inflationary bias has been adopted in the most advanced countries.     

On the welfare costs of misspecified monetary policy objectives

This paper quantifies the effects on welfare of misspecified monetary policy objectives in a stylized DSGE model. We show that using inappropriate objectives generates relatively large welfare costs. When expressed in terms of ‘consumption equivalent’ units, these costs correspond to permanent decreases in steady-state consumption of up to two percent. The latter are generated by both the inappropriate choice of weights and the omission of variables. In particular, it is costly to assume an interest-rate smoothing incentive for central bankers when it is not socially optimal to do so. Finally, a parameter uncertainty decomposition indicates that uncertainty about the properties of markup shocks gives rise to the largest welfare costs.