长三角城市旅游竞争力综合评价及其空间分异

在突出主导因素和可操作原则的基础上,系统构建了长三角城市旅游竞争力综合评价体系,运用熵权法对长三角城市旅游竞争力进行评价,采用GIS空间分析方法对其空间分异特征进行探索,最后分析其深层次原因,并结合旅游吸引指数对分析结果进行验证。研究发现:1城市旅游竞争力受到城市发展竞争力、旅游资源竞争力和支持竞争力影响,其中旅游资源竞争力对旅游竞争力贡献最大。长三角区域旅游竞争力整体较高。2长三角各城市旅游竞争力空间差异显著。旅游空间结构呈现以上海、苏州和杭州为中心,南京、无锡、宁波和绍兴为副中心的圈层结构,核心区与边缘区差异明显。3城市旅游竞争力与城市旅游吸引指数空间分布高度契合,存在明显的相关关系。     

基于改进的AHP法的城市旅游竞争力评价

城市旅游竞争力的定量分析有助于实现城市旅游的可持续发展。文章在对目前国内外城市旅游研究进行回顾的基础上,结合山东省胶东半岛四个滨海旅游城市的特点,构建了城市旅游竞争力定量评价的指标体系,然后利用改进后的AHP方法对上述四个城市旅游竞争力进行了定量计算和分析。     

基于AHP的都江堰市城市旅游竞争力比较研究

文章运用层次分析法(AHP)构建以城市旅游发展规模、城市旅游竞争潜力、城市旅游环境支持力等三个方面的评价因子以及相应的22个状态变量来表述城市旅游竞争力综合评价系统,以四川省5个热点旅游城市作为比较分析对象,对都江堰市城市旅游竞争力进行诊断分析,以把握都江堰市城市旅游发展存在的薄弱环节,为提高都江堰市城市旅游竞争力的实践提供决策参考。     

基于主成分分析的黑龙江省城市旅游竞争力研究

近年来,国内外旅游业发展竞争激烈,黑龙江省旅游业发展迅速,旅游收入也在稳步增长,但与国内其他旅游强省相比仍有较大差距。研究城市旅游竞争力,评价城市旅游发展的现状和潜力,为城市更好地参与国内外旅游竞争提供重要依据,通过构建城市旅游竞争力评价指标体系,运用主成分分析法对黑龙江省12地市旅游竞争力进行评价,并针对聚类分析结果提出相应发展建议。     

内蒙古各城市旅游业竞争力实证分析

本文以区域旅游业竞争力的国内外相关研究分析资料为理论基础,借鉴和吸收前人的评价模型和评价指标体系,构建城市旅游业综合竞争力的评价模型和评价指标体系.运用SPSS统计软件,采用内蒙古各城市2010年截面数据资料,在定性分析的基础上,对内蒙古各城市旅游竞争力进行了定量分析和客观评价,针对存在的问题,提出了相应建议.     

城市旅游竞争力研究综述

城市旅游是旅游业的重要组成部分,对一个国家或地区来说,城市旅游是否具有竞争力,能够在一定程度上决定其旅游业的生存和发展.因此,城市旅游竞争力在国内外都受到了广泛的关注.文章分别从城市旅游竞争力的影响因素、提升策略、量化评价三个方面,对国内外城市旅游竞争力的研究成果进行了比较系统的回顾,进而分析了城市旅游竞争力的研究内容、研究方法、评价指标体系等方面的不足之处.在此基础上,对城市旅游竞争力的研究进行展望.     

城市旅游环境竞争力影响因素实证分析

为了把握城市旅游环境竞争力各影响因素之间的逻辑层次关系以及影响因素的重要程度,以河南省19个地级市为研究对象进行实证,运用SPSS17.0因子法对各影响因素进行定量评价。结果表明,城市旅游环境竞争力可以归纳为5个公共因子,30个评价指标变量,按其对城市旅游环境竞争力影响程度的大小依次是:旅游景观环境竞争力、旅游设施环境竞争力、自然环境竞争力、社会环境竞争力、旅游信息环境竞争力。     

丝绸之路城市旅游经济带竞争力研究

文章以丝绸之路沿线西北区西安、兰州、西宁、银川、乌鲁木齐5城市、西南区重庆、成都、昆明、南宁4城市旅游业为对象,从城市旅游基础竞争、竞争潜力和环境支持三维度构建了3维度-10层次-30指标的城市旅游竞争力指标评价体系,对9城市旅游竞争力进行量化比较,进一步聚类为核心区、辐射区、扩展区三层,提出建立"一核两翼六节点"的丝绸之路城市旅游经济带及各城市旅游竞争力突破方向,并通过提高旅游服务质量、塑造丝路旅游品牌、建立丝路旅游联合机制推动丝绸之路城市旅游经济带整体竞争力的提升。     

省域城市旅游竞争力测度与评价——以湖南省为例

从显示性指标和分析性指标两个角度构建了适合地级城市的旅游竞争力测度指标体系,运用灰色关联分析法对2011—2012年期间湖南省14个地级城市的旅游竞争力进行了测度与评价。研究表明,旅游竞争力在城市间的差异性较为明显且总体上并不理想;旅游业的发展对旅游资源与区位条件的依赖性比较突出。进一步地,按照一定的评判标准将城市对象分为了4个等级并提出了提升旅游竞争力的相应对策。研究结果可为政府有关部门整合与优化旅游资源、改善城市管理决策提供借鉴与参考。     

中国地级及以上城市旅游竞争力评价研究

本文根据城市旅游竞争力的内涵,首先构建了包含旅游环境、旅游资源和产品、旅游服务、旅游市场等四方面竞争力的中国城市旅游竞争力评价指标体系。其次,根据2007年的指标数据,采用群组层次分析法,得到中国287个地级及以上城市的旅游竞争力综合和单项得分。最后,采用系统聚类法根据上述城市旅游竞争力单项得分将287个城市划分为四类,针对各类城市的特点提出竞争力提升建议。     

Pleasure and belief in Hume's Decision Process

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to introduce explicitly pleasure and belief in what aims at being a Humean theory of decision, like the one developed in Diaye and Lapidus (2005a). Although we support the idea that Hume was in some way a hedonist – evidently different from Bentham's or Jevons' way – we lay emphasis less on continuity than on the specific kind of hedonism encountered in Hume's writings (chiefly the Treatise, the second Enquiry, the Dissertation, or some of his Essays). Such hedonism clearly contrasts to its standard modern inheritance, expressed by the relation between preferences and utility.

The reason for such a difference with the usual approach lies in the mental process that Hume puts to the fore in order to explain the way pleasure determines desires and volition. Whereas pleasure is primarily, in Hume's words, an impression of sensation, it takes place in the birth of passions as reflecting an idea of pleasure, whose “force and vivacity” is precisely a “belief”, transferred to the direct passions of desire or volition that come immediately before action. As a result, from a Humean point of view, “belief” deals with decision under risk or uncertainty, as well as with intertemporal decision and indiscrimination problems.

The latter are explored within a formal framework, and it is shown that the relation of pleasure is transformed by belief into a non-empty class of relations of desire, among which at least one is a preorder.     

Globalization,Neoliberalism and the attack on social security

Neoliberal political movements advocate privatization of public pension systems. Globalization imposes pressure on nations to conform to neoliberal policy views with respect to the design and structure of social insurance, including public pension systems. The paper begins with an investigation of the economic, ethical and ideological dimensions of the privatization debates in the U.S.; it argues that privatization advocates may be largely moved by ideology, since the other reasons advanced appear weak or unfounded. The second part discusses the history of Social Security, the purposes for its creation, and some of its economic effects. Differences between public and private pension systems are considered. A brief international comparison of some aspects of public pension system finance and benefit structures is presented. The final section considers the ethical, macroeconomic and distributional implications of privatization, prefunding and payroll tax funding, and argues for a pay as you go system financed with income taxes. In order to promote equity, economic security, community, and social cohesion, public pension systems should be universal in coverage. In order to reduce the inequality, income insecurity, and aged poverty generated by market economies, public pension systems ought to be progressive: benefit/contribution ratios should be inversely proportional to income, and progressive income taxes should finance the system. To promote economic growth, the systems should be financed on a pay-as-you-go basis, and should not be prefunded except for an emergency reserve. The fiscal policy recommendations partially depend upon the theory developed by Abba Lerner in the 1940s, and recently advanced by Wynne Godley and Randy Wray: Lerner's “principle of functional finance.”     

Interest on reserves and inflation

The payment of interest on reserves has been a common practice in inflationary economies. This policy may seem paradoxical since it involves returning part of the seigniorage, generated by the inflation process, with the intention to finance the fiscal deficit. This paper argues that the motivation for this policy can be captured by the discretionary regime, where the policymaker pays interest on reserves because he is concerned with the erosion of real liquidity by inflation, which is in part beyond his control. However, this policy is an unlikely outcome in the commitment regime, where the policymaker is in full control of inflation.     

Bayesian estimation of duration models: An application of the multiperiod probit model

The multiperiod probit model is presented and Bayesian estimation using the Gibbs sampler with data augmentation is described. As an empirical illustration, the multiperiod probit model is then used to estimate a duration model using employment duration data for the Canadian province of New Brunswick. Bayesian estimation with unobserved heterogeneity is shown to be a simple extension of estimation of a duration model with no unobserved heterogeneity. More importantly, perhaps, some numerical problems encountered by other authors using Maximum Likelihood are avoided.I would like to thank M. Baker, G. Koop, A. Melino and D. Poirier for helpful comments and discussions. I would also like to thank M. Baker for providing his data.     

Scenarios and creativity: Thinking in new boxes

To be creative and make change happen, leaders must do more than simply ‘think outside the box’, as the traditional business manuals suggest, using the popular American expression. After all, the space outside the box is infinitely expansive. Moreover, there can be no guarantee that a solution to the problem will be found. The answer: ‘Think in new boxes.’ This requires developing the right new box; in other words, useful new models, a helpful new approach to a problem. That is the real art of practical creativity. This short article outlines the approach (Thinking in New Boxes) and its application to classic scenario planning with a few examples. The authors also present the ‘Expressway to Scenarios’, an approach that wins in impact and practicality what it loses in deep analysis, by having top executives involved in key steps.     

How chaebol restructuring after the 1997 crisis has affected corporate decision and performance in Korea: debt financing,ownership structure,and investment

ABSTRACT

Korean chaebol firms, characterized by excessive debt financing and overinvestment, experienced restructuring after the 1997 crisis. By reducing debt financing and thus overinvestment, they tried to reorganize financing structure and ownership structure. Chaebols’ debt reduction turns out to have improved performance. However, polarization between chaebol and non-chaebol firms has become more significant. Even after the crisis, firms that give higher cash flows to a controlling shareholder take more capital investment, indicating that agency problems still exist within chaebols. Chaebol-affiliated firms continue to be more active in R&D than non-chaebol firms. However, the pattern is limited to the group of top 10 chaebols after the crisis.

Abbreviations: KFTC: Korea Fair Trade Commission     

On the Role of Paradigms in Understanding Economic Globalization

Any adequate analysis of economic globalization necessarily requires fundamental understanding of the worldviews underlying the views expressed with respect to the nature and role of economic globalization. This paper is based on the premise that any worldview can be associated with one of the four basic paradigms: functionalist, interpretive, radical humanist, and radical structuralist. It argues that any view expressed with respect to economic globalization is based on one of the four paradigms or worldviews. It, therefore, discusses four views with respect to the nature and role of economic globalization which correspond to the four broad worldviews. The paper emphasizes that the four views expressed are equally scientific and informative; they look at the nature and role of economic globalization from a certain paradigmatic viewpoint. Emphasizing this example in the area of economic globalization, the paper concludes that there are opportunities for each paradigm to benefit from contributions coming from the other three paradigms.     

A Humean theory of choice of which rationality may be one consequence

For the reader who considers economic theory of choice as a special case of a more general theory of action, Hume's discussion of the determinants of action in the Treatise of Human Nature (1739?–?40), in the Enquiry on Human Understanding (1748) and in the Dissertation on Passions (1757) deserves attention. However, according to some modern commentators, Hume does not seem to have given any evidence that would favour what nowadays we would consider as the kind of rationality involved in modern theories of rational choice. On the contrary, this paper arrives at the conclusion that consistency between preferences and choice, like the usual properties of completeness and transitivity, may be considered as outcomes of a mental process, described by means of a decision algorithm that aims to represent Hume's theory of choice.     

The concept of freedom and its relation to economic development--a critical appreciation of the work of Amartya Sen

Following a brief review of the conception of freedom as employedin economic discourse, this paper focuses on the evolution ofthe concept of freedom in the work of Amartya Sen. It tracesthe development of Sen's thought from the capability analysisof the late 1970s to his more recent separation of freedom intoits opportunity and process aspects. While broadly appreciativeof Sen's development of the concept of positive freedom, thepaper identifies some difficulties arising from his definitionof capability as a set of options as well as from his separationof the opportunity and process aspects of freedom. Aspects ofthe relationship between Sen's conception of freedom and thatof Marx are discussed briefly in the context of Sen's recentdiscussion of the market as a source of freedom.     

Types of technology

Technology is a concept rife with confusion. Here, I argue that technologies can be distinguished as a combination of type of producer and an idealized artefact life history. Using this definition, a number of technologies are identified. The first technology historically, in the Protostomes, was the production of individual or family dwellings. Next came objects such as spider webs for trapping prey. Stigmergy followed, with the social insects, as a collective endeavour to construct a mega-structure using simple rules of accretion. Some birds and primates began to make tools, or simple technological objects whose function is closely related to their form. Humans are distinguished by their ability to make machines. Traditional technology took place once people voluntarily organised into groups with specialised knowledge to produce more complex objects and structures. Monumental objects like ceremonial pyramids came with the command economies of the early agrarian societies, which also resulted in a new category of artefact, the network. Finally, with modern civilizations came ad hoc accretion, or population-level adding-on, to make truly complex technological systems. Developing a theoretical framework within which artefacts, production processes and ways of interacting with them are identified should help the study of technology to become more scientific.