试论生态工业的基本思想

传统工业生产是一种高资源耗费、高污染、非循环利用的生产方式。生态工业是模拟生态系统的功能，应用于工业生产，建立起相当于生态系统的“生产者、消费者、还原者”的工业生态链，以提高资源利用率和生产效率，实行无污染生产。     

消费模式的演替

消费关系新解消费 (Ｃｏｎｓｕｍｅ)这个词源于生物学和生态学 ,是指消费者生物能量传递过程。生态系统是一个耗散结构系统 ,它依靠外界的能量输入 ,并在其内部进行着物流、能流、信息流的流通 ,在维持其自身并与外界的动态平衡时 ,才能“存活”与发展。在生态系统内 ,能量的流动导致形成一定的营养结构、生物多样性和物质循环。从营养关系看 ,生物有自养成分和异养成分的区分 ,前者是生产者 ,主要为植物 ;后者是消费者 ,包括草食者(食草动物 )、肉食者 (食肉动物 )和分解者。消费关系就是生态系统中生产者、消费者、分解者的营养结构关系 ,…     

替代食物体系下绿色产品生产与消费演化机制研究

面对日益严峻的环境和生态问题,生产者绿色生产意识和消费者绿色消费意识正不断提高,文章基于生产者追求收益最大化和消费者追求效用最大化,对绿色产品的生产和消费行为进行了演化博弈分析,分析结果表明,要使"生产绿色产品"和"消费绿色产品"分别成为生产者和消费者的占优策略,对于生产者,需要满足生产绿色产品的额外收益和政府补贴之和大于为此所付出的额外成本与不生产绿色产品所交税赋之差;对于消费者,需要满足消费绿色产品得到的额外效用大于为此付出的额外成本。因此,为使生产者生产绿色产品、消费者消费绿色产品成为常态化,政府和生产者对生产绿色产品的重视、消费者对购买绿色产品的支持将起着关键性的作用。     

广告与市场进入壁垒

一、引言 广告是现代生活中极其普遍的现象.在现实生活中,由于消费者和生产者之间信息不对称,消费者需要一种媒介来获知产品的信息,而生产者需要把其产品介绍给消费者,这样广告就应运而生.     

初论电子商务对经济生活的影响

一、对经济分析理论的影响 1、获取剩余经济价值从买主转向卖主 在商业交易中,占有信息是讨价还价权力的一个关键性决定因素.占有较多信息的一方比占有较少信息的一方更能够从交易中取得多得多的价值.在电子商务中,顾客拥有越来越多的信息,他们利用这种信息找出满足他们需要的、质量和价格最好结合的卖主,从而推动权力从卖主转向买主,获取剩余经济价值从卖主转向买主,市场价格更靠近供给曲线,表现出越来越象拍卖的情形.在传统市场,消费者剩余和生产者剩余由虚线分开,消费者剩余为上方部分,生产者剩余为下方部分;在电子商务市场,消费者剩余与生产者剩余由虚线下方的实斜线分开,消费者剩余明显多于传统市场时的数量(图1).     

基于产业生态经济思想的我国产业政策调整

人们在审视传统经济发展模式的过程中,发现按照生态学原理,利用产业生态系统中“生产者——加工制造者——消费者——分解者”的有机链条,可以形成互利共生的产业生态经济网络和物质能量流的闭合式产业生态,以实现经济可持续发展,于是便形成了产业生态经济思想。本文在概括产业生态经济思想主要内容的基础上,提出了基于该思想的产业政策选择。     

浅谈产品召回制度中和谐消费关系的构建

和谐社会需要和谐的消费关系,产品质量监督管理体系中的缺陷产品召回制度有助于推动和谐消费关系的建立.各国对产品召回中"缺陷"界定为"不舍理危险标准"或"消费者期待标准",体现了"以人为本"的和谐理念,而产品召回独特的程序避免了消费者与生产者交涉的矛盾和尴尬,将有力地保护消费者的合法权益.期待法律在产品召回的适用标准、消费者维权程序和维权方式等方面予以完善,促进消费关系更加和谐.     

我国人工智能产业创新生态系统构建研究

近年来人工智能的发展如火如荼,学术界对于人工智能产业的研究也呈现快速增长的趋势。文章梳理了创新生态系统研究的4个层次,并结合产业生态理论及人工智能产业自身特点,研究人工智能产业创新生态系统生物成分及非生物成分中各构成要素,分析了生产者种群、消费者种群、分解者种群等内部要素并建立了人工智能产业创新生态系统的一般模型。     

基子产业生态经济思想的我国产业政策调整

人们在审视传统经济发展模式的过程中，发现按照生态学原理，利用产业生态系统中“生产者——加工制造者——消费者——分解者”的有机链条，可以形成互利共生的产业生态经济网络和物质能量流的闭合式产业生态，以实现经济可持续发展，于是便形成了产业生态经济思想。本文在概括产业生态经济思想主要内容的基础上，提出了基于该思想的产业政策选择。     

我国股市间接财富效应影响的实证研究

我国股市的财富效应日渐显著,文章通过研究股市对消费者心理和行为的影响,采用恩格尔—格兰杰两步协整检验法检验了上证综合指数、消费者信心指数和总消费的关系。得出结论:股票市场的间接财富效应较强,股市可通过改变消费者心理和预期来影响总消费。     

以科学发展观指导中国对外贸易的可持续发展

科学发展观是中国现代化建设的指导思想。对外贸易在中国经济社会发展中具有不容忽视的地位和作用。而中国对外贸易发展中存在着国内地区结构不平衡,出口贸易方式单一和出口市场相对集中,进出口管理体制有疏漏,出口商品结构有待进一步优化等问题。我们应以科学发展观为指导,着力解决对外贸易发展中的问题,以推进其可持续发展。     

Regulating internal markets for hospital care

Internal markets have been created in an attempt to shift power from producers to consumers in a context where consumers have very weak incentives to seek out low-cost producers and have little knowledge about the quality of health care. The idea is that by establishing public agencies to act as the sole purchasers on behalf of consumers in their area of jurisdiction, the asymmetry of information can be moderated and a more competitive environment created in which costs will be minimized and quality enhanced. Whether these aspirations can be fulfilled will depend on how the internal market is organized. In this article the cost-minimizing properties of alternative market structures where hospitals do not share the same objectives are examined. The scheme is designed from the standpoint of a benevolent regulator that provides services using two hospitals with fixed locations. The paper shows that price discrimination is a superior instrument. Finally some market forms are always dominated and should be avoided.

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沪深港股市动态联动性研究——基于三元VAR-GJR-GARCH-DCC的新证据

随着经济全球化的迅速发展,国际资本市场呈现出一体化趋势,各地证券价格的联动性也日趋显著。本文梳理已有理论文献,并总结经验成果的不足,在此基础上,构建三元VAR-GJR-GARCH-DCC整合分析框架,对沪深港股市联动效应进行了严谨而全面的实证检验。研究结果表明:沪深港三个市场具有联动效应,直接或间接引导对方;沪深股市对港市的新息冲击做出类似的反应,并且它们与港市的动态关联性具有趋同性,该结论为沪深两市合并提供了新证据;三个市场的相关性具有时变的动态特征,"中国因素"与"世界因素"的相关性正趋于增强。上述实证结论对投资者重新认识市场运行机制,合理制定投资策略以及监管当局有效防范国内外股市风险,推进股市整合均具有重要的启示意义。     

一种新的股市泡沫计量方法

针对我国股票市场股权改革和一级市场非市场化的特殊情况,本文提出把"整个"上市公司抽象成"一个"上市公司的假定,得到股市的理论收益率和实际收益率指标,根据这两个指标的动态变化关系,提出了一种新的股市泡沫计量方法.为了检验这一方法,本文计量了同期美国、日本股市泡沫的情况.实证结果显示新的计量方法能够很好地解释我国股市的泡沫情况.     

生态文明观指导下的我国旅游业可持续发展探讨

我国旅游业在过去20年里迅猛发展,取得了巨大的进步和显著的经济效益,但也带来了环境污染、资源破坏、生物多样性消失等问题.本文应用生态文明观,对如何促进我国旅游业的健康、可持续发展进行了探讨,分析了影响我国旅游业可持续发展的障碍,并提出了相应的建议.     

Producer and Consumer Interests, the State-Owned Pipeline, and Public Authority Pricing of Natural Gas*

This paper considers producer and consumer interests when state ownership of a pipeline provides a public authority with monopoly and monopsony power. In contrast with the producer/consumer conflict in the regulatory setting where self-interested authorities choose the price at which producers and consumers directly transact with one another, in the pipeline case producers and consumers have a commonality of interest which is sustained even if the authorities take the view that it is politically inexpedient to take advantage of monopoly power with respect to consumers.     

Interrelationships among banks,stock markets and economic growth: an empirical investigation

This article utilizes a simultaneous equations model to study the relationships among economic growth, banking and stock market development. In contrast to conventional instrumental variable approach, we implement the analysis via the methodology of identification through heteroscedasticity. Using Beck and Levine (2004 Beck, T. and Levine, R. (2004) Stock markets, banks and growth:panel evidence, Journal of Banking and Finance, 28, 423–42.[Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]) dataset, we find that each of the three variables interacts in important ways. While both are conducive to economic growth, banking development matters more for growth in low-income countries and stock market development is more favourable to growth in high-income or low-inflation ones. The data also reveal coexistence of a positive effect of banking development on stock market development and a negative effect of stock market development on banking development. Besides, the feedback effects of growth on both banking and stock market development are found.     

A Behavioral Model of Stock Market Investors' Impact on Consumption

This paper offers a theory of investor/consumer behavior in the context of an adaptive relationship. It shows how consumer spending and stock market gains and losses interact in a "gradual diffusion" process. The model offers predictions about likely changes in investor behavior, and the impact on the underlying economy in general and consumption in particular. These predictions are validated empirically. Specifically, the paper finds that investors/consumers gradually smooth their "wealth spending" and accelerate consumption as they become more convinced that their gains are permanent. This is somewhat reminiscent of the "income smoothing" suggested by Friedman [1957]. We present evidence that the consumption wealth spending peaks at approximately 2.5%-3% of the stock market wealth cumulative gain in the previous twelve- to twenty-four-month period, while concurrent effects are negligible. The results also provide a partial explanation for the long cycle of a strong economy in the 1990s, and point out the danger to the economy from a prolonged stock market decline.     

Local Organic Food Markets: Potentials and Limitations for Contributing to Sustainable Development

The agro-industrial food production is currently facing a number of problems. BSE, GMO and illegal medication of animals caused anxiety among consumers. They are urging producers to rethink common production methods and policy makers to re-evaluate public support schemes. It has already been for decades though that a number of producers and consumers were searching for alternatives by maintaining or re-establishing local food markets because they were dissatisfied with the large scale, regionally concentrated food production, processing and distribution system. Food co-operatives, farmers' markets, community supported agriculture (CSA) groups among others were formed in order to provide consumers with organic and locally grown food. They aim to revitalise local food economies and to protect the environment. Many producers and consumers view local groups and initiatives as promising alternatives to an unsustainable globalising agro-industrial food production system. This paper addresses the question which contributions local food markets are capable of making to sustainable development and where their limitations are in this respect. The analysis focuses on local food markets of the CSA type which are found as a means to increase both responsiveness to consumer needs and sustainability, but of limited reach.     

关于我国证券市场的发展与监管问题

我国证券市场经过十余年的发展,取得了长足的进步。证券市场在经济发展中发挥着不可替代的作用,在国民经济中占据着重要地位。但是,我国证券市场也存在着历史遗留问题,改革方案设计不够科学及价值判断偏差等三类问题,主要表现在市场基础不够稳固,市场存在较大缺陷,证券监督有待加强,证券公司发展滞后。必须通过全面提高上市公司素质,完善市场运行机制,加强市场监管,推动券商的发展等措施来完善市场功能。