区域主导产业选择方法研究述评

通过整理已有国内外区域主导产业选择方法,针对区域主导产业选择基准的属性要求,本文得出区域主导产业的选择方法的原则,即所采用的方法应该满足综合评价的三个层次属性:(1)层次性,即每个评价指标转化成无量纲的评价值,用它来进行决策排序;(2)权重相对的客观性。尽量排除主观因素的影响;(3)基准的可筛选或简约性。在众多主导产业选择基准中识别反映选择主体产业特性、发展阶段、区域优势的个性基准,用于支撑最终决策排序。只有符合这些原则的方法选择出来的主导产业,才更加符合区域经济发展的实际要求。     

基于Weaver-Thomas模型的区域低碳主导产业评价与选择——以低碳试点城市南昌的工业产业为例

低碳城市既要兼顾发展又要实现低碳排放,经济发展面临高碳模式的低碳转型,而工业领域是碳排放的关键领域,正确评价和选择低碳主导产业是城市低碳发展的首要任务。参考主导产业选择理论,结合低碳城市的内涵要求,构建了以区域比较优势、产业发展潜力、产业关联效应和低碳经济效果4个一级指标组成的区域低碳主导产业选择评价指标体系,运用熵权法和Weaver-Thomas模型对低碳试点城市南昌的低碳主导产业评价和选择进行了实证,明确了南昌低碳发展的五大低碳主导产业为:农副食品加工业、交通运输设备制造业、通信设备计算机及其他电子设备制造业、通用设备制造业及电气机械及器材制造业。     

基于主成分分析法的工业主导产业选择——以山东省为例

本文在传统主导产业选择基准的基础上引入了SSM模型中的偏离份额基准,以此反映主导产业的其中的三个特征:发展前景好、现状基础好、区域竞争力强,建立了15个指标的山东省工业主导产业选择指标体系,通过评价模型,利用主成分分析法,定量分析和定性分析相结合,确定了化学原料及化学制品制造业,黑色金属冶炼及压延加工业等七大工业主导产业作为山东省工业主导产业.     

中国高新区主导产业选择的研究述评

文章从产业经济学和区域经济学角度对主导产业选择的研究成果进行了梳理,并通过分析我国区域主导产业研究状况,找出了我国的特殊经济区域——高新区主导产业选择研究存在的不足之处:(1)对高新区主导产业的理论研究明显不足;(2)对高新区主导产业的内涵尚无明确定义,以及缺少符合高新区功能和产业特色的选择基准及相应的评价指标体系;(3)缺少高新区主导产业选择的定量评价模型。     

湖北高新技术发展区"一圈二带"特色主导产业评价与布局研究

根据区域经济学关于区域主导产业的选择理论与方法，对湖北省高新技术发展区“一圈二带”的特色主导产业进行了评价与产业布局研究     

区域主导产业选择研究综述

本文就区域主导产业的内涵、选择基准及其评价方法进行了综述,归纳了国内外关于区域主导产业的研究进展情况、研究成果,并对国内研究的不足之处加以说明,希望有助于将来在区域主导产业研究方面的创新和进步.     

湖北省战略性主导产业的选择研究

主导产业可分为战略性主导产业、支柱性主导产业和一般性主导产业。本文构建了区域主导产业的选择基准和评价指标体系,并运用计量经济学方法对湖北省38个产业部门进行评价,筛选出湖北省的战略性主导产业、支柱性主导产业和一般性主导产业,并对湖北省如何发展战略性主导产业并发挥其对经济发展的带动作用提出了对策建议。     

“互联网+现代农业”趋势下主导产业选择模型及路径分析

在“互联网+现代农业”趋势下,主导产业选择是推进农业现代化进程的关键,转型升级是主导产业发展的重要途径。以比较优势理论、产业关联理论、经济增长理论为指导,结合“互联网+”的时代背景,确定农业主导产业选择指标,综合运用层次分析法与模糊综合评价法确定指标体系结构、准则及权重,从而构建以产业竞争优势和产业化程度为主要指标的区域内主导产业选择模型。以云南省高原特色农业为例,得出各产业主导能力的次序,确定区域发展的主导产业,从产业链、产学研合作、产业融合、创新驱动等互联网思维的角度,对主导产业发展路径进行分析。研究表明,产业选择模型能为主导产业选择、发展模式和路径提供重要参考,为实现现代农业的转型升级提供决策支持。     

密切值法模型在县域主导产业选择中的应用

县域经济是整个国民经济的基础，要发展县域经济必须重视其主导产业的选择。鉴于目前较少对县域主导产业的定量选择进行分析，设计了一组相关的评价指标，并构建了密切值法模型，对浦江县进行了实证分析和初步评价。     

区域主导产业选择定量研究——以金华市为例

本文对区域主导产业的选择基准进行了一定的指标化,并从可量化的角度构建指标体系,系统的描述了主导产业选择模型。并以此模型为基础,对金华地区各产业部门进行了综合评价,选择并确立了现阶段的主导产业。     

Passthrough Estimates and the Choice of an Exchange Rate Index*

We examine exchange rate passthrough into US import prices for 29 manufacturing industries using eight exchange rate indexes. These indexes vary by the number of currencies included; whether the weight on each currency is based on total trade with the United States or solely imports; and, whether the weights vary by industry. Our results indicate that passthrough is generally incomplete but varies across industries. Moreover, passthrough is sensitive to the exchange rate index. Using bootstrapped J‐tests we show that major currency indexes perform better than their broad currency counterparts. When using a major currency index, industry‐specific exchange rate indexes are preferred to aggregate indexes.     

The response of the US export prices to changes in the dollar's effective exchange rate: further evidence from industry level data

The relationship between the dollar's effective exchange rate and the export price indexes for 13 two-digit US manufacturing industries is analysed to determine (i) which industry adjusts its dollar export price to dampen or amplify the effect of the exchange rate fluctuations on the foreign-currency price of its exports and (ii) whether the response of the export price index to appreciation and depreciation of the exchange rate is asymmetric. For several industries, evidence consistent with dampening the foreign-currency price of exports in an asymmetric fashion is found. The implications of the results for the price competitiveness of the industries studied is discussed.     

A Taxonomy of Industries Based on Knowledge Flow Structure

With the advent of the knowledge-based economy, the inter-industrial flow of technological knowledge is reckoned as the principal determinant of national competitiveness. The mode of knowledge flows, however, is intractably complex. Taking it as a network, this paper aims at providing an inductive taxonomy of industries based on the knowledge flow structure and thus identifying the user-supplier relationship among industries in terms of knowledge diffusion. Some proxy indexes are developed first to measure the knowledge flows, then the interactive mechanism among industries is investigated by the network analysis and eventually a taxonomy of industries is presented according to the characteristics of respective industries. The taxonomic approach highlights the importance of inter-industrial knowledge management system that facilitates knowledge flows across industries based on the idiosyncratic features of respective industries.     

A Taxonomy of Industries Based on Knowledge Flow Structure

With the advent of the knowledge-based economy, the inter-industrial flow of technological knowledge is reckoned as the principal determinant of national competitiveness. The mode of knowledge flows, however, is intractably complex. Taking it as a network, this paper aims at providing an inductive taxonomy of industries based on the knowledge flow structure and thus identifying the user-supplier relationship among industries in terms of knowledge diffusion. Some proxy indexes are developed first to measure the knowledge flows, then the interactive mechanism among industries is investigated by the network analysis and eventually a taxonomy of industries is presented according to the characteristics of respective industries. The taxonomic approach highlights the importance of inter-industrial knowledge management system that facilitates knowledge flows across industries based on the idiosyncratic features of respective industries.     

基于低碳经济的江苏化工企业“节能减排”投资绩效评价指标体系研究

化工行业是"节能减排"的重点行业之一,加强对化工企业"节能减排"投资绩效评价,对于转变经济增长方式、大力发展低碳经济具有十分重要的意义。化工企业"节能减排"投资绩效评价指标体系的构建应坚持科学性、系统性、代表性、可比性、可操作性、综合性等原则。化工企业"节能减排"投资绩效评价指标体系应从节能效果、减排治污效果、"节能减排"经济效益和社会效益四方面设计。节能效果指标可以用能源(资源)循环利用率、单位能耗收入、可再生能源(资源)利用率和投资节能率;减排治污效果指标可以用"三废"回收利用率、"三废"排放达标率、单位"三废"排放收入和投资减排率;"节能减排"经济效益指标可以用"节能减排"投资收益率和"节能减排"成本费用收益率;"节能减排"社会效益指标可以用居民生活环境满意度、环境质量优化度。     

广东省高技术产业各行业效率变化的实证研究

采用基于DEA的Malmquist生产率指数法,选取5个投入指标和4个产出指标对1995—2008年广东省高技术产业的4个细分行业进行多投入、多产出的动态效率测度。结果表明:1995—2008年期间广东省高技术产业全要素生产率的年均增长率为12.3%,这是技术进步和技术效率共同推动的结果,其贡献率分别为11.1%和1.1%;电子及通信设备制造业全要素生产率的平均增长率最高,主要由技术进步推动;其次是医疗设备及仪器仪表制造业,由技术进步和规模效率共同推动;然后依次是电子计算机及办公设备制造业和医药制造业,技术进步是两者的主要推动力量。最后,提出促进广东省高技术产业生产率提升的政策建议。     

江西林业及其三次产业对全省生态文明贡献率的测度实证研究

科学测度林业及其三次产业对生态文明的贡献率,既有利于管理者掌握林业对生态文明作用影响的客观规律,又有利于管理者有效制定林业助推生态文明建设的对策建议。以江西为例,基于共生理论,利用2007—2019年数据,首先构建PSIR-SEM模型确定生态文明指标及其权重;然后采用Lotka-Volterra模型的"指标—指数"耦合法,通过指标及其权重测得阈值与绿值,依次对生态文明阶段与水平进行判定;再以生态文明水平为因变量,以农业、林业及其三次产业、畜牧业等十大产业发展水平为自变量,构建双对数模型估计林业及其三次产业对生态文明作用的回归系数;最后通过"归一化"算法由回归系数测度江西林业及其三次产业对生态文明的贡献率。结果显示:(1)2007—2019年,江西林业对全省生态文明的贡献率逐年递增且在所有产业中最大,江西林业在助推全省生态文明建设中发挥着极其重要的主体作用;(2)江西林业三次产业对全省生态文明的贡献呈现"结构微笑曲线",林业一产、三产、二产贡献率依次降低,但林业三产贡献率增长幅度最大,在林业产业中占据主导地位。     

Productivity and technical change: the case of Taiwan

This paper analyses productivity growth in 16 of Taiwan's manufacturing industries during the period 1978–1992. The non-parametric Data Envelopment Analysis approach is used to compute Malmquist productivity indexes. These are decomposed into efficiency change and technical change. The latter is further decomposed into an output bias, an input bias and a magnitude component. In addition, the direction of input bias is identified. Empirical results indicate that the sector's TFP increased at a rate of 2.89% per annum, which could be ascribed to a technical progress (2.56%) and an efficiency improvement (0.33%).     

QUANTITY AND PRICE INDEXES FOR CONSTRUCTION

Construction has traditionally constituted one of the problem areas in the preparation of industry price and quantity statistm with in the system of national accounts of most countries. The difficulty stems from what is considered to be the unique character of construction projects. This has unnecessarily impeded the calculation of output price indexes and has resulted in the use of various input-based prices as proxies for output prices. One of the objectives of the development of the system of construction price statistics described in this paper is to permit deflation of the outputs of construction industries in order to produce industry output data in constant prices in a manner consistent with measures for the rest of the economy. This is a more promising approach to improving constant price industry and expenditure measures within the SNA framework than attempting such improvements through the collection of a vast array of quantity data. Construction industries sell specified configurations of materials-in-place which are, to borrow the jargon of other fields, sub-assemblies of some total system. As in other areas of industrial pricing, some of these products are simple and some are complex. Trade contractors sell these sub-assemblies or commodities mainly to an owner-builder or to a general contractor who, in turn, resells the trade contractors’ commodities along with whatever sub-assemblies the general contractor has produced. These sub-assemblies, when combined with, for example, the relevant outputs (or sub-assemblies) of manufacturers, the design services of service industries and the purchasers’ own contributions, yield the wide variety of plant and structures which constitute the various classes of gross fixed capital formation, which are not typically solely the outputs of the construction industries. The resulting contractors’ selling price indexes will provide deflators for the whole range of outputs of the various construction industries. These will become part of the system of industry selling price indexes from which relevant indexes for the various goods and services can be selected and combined with appropriate weights to yield arrays of deflators for the highly complex capital expenditures of business, institutions and government. Ultimately this integrated system of construction industry statistics will permit the preparation of gross output and value added measures, in both current and constant prices, to be calculated for the construction industries as an integral part of the Canadian System of National Accounts, as well as provide a key element for improving the deflation of fixed capital formation.     

产业转移:东部的趋势及西部的选择——以重庆为例

运用产业区域集聚指数分析确定了东部五省一市具有转移趋势的产业,分析了重庆已经承接的东部五省一市的产业转移分布,利用单位企业工业产值分析确定了重庆具有区位优势的产业,并讨论了重庆的其他产业优势。在此基础上,提出了重庆继续承接东部产业转移的产业选择、承接模式等建议。