我国经济增长的多重均衡现象-基于动态门槛面板数据模型的研究

本文首次应用动态门槛面板数据模型,对我国经济增长的多重均衡现象进行了研究,研究表明我国经济增长具有明显的多重均衡现象。当人均收入低于1007元时,存在着经济增长障碍,经济处于低水平陷阱;一旦突破低收入门槛,在同一的收入状态里省区经济增长率趋向收敛。然而,由于较高收入状态的省区收入收敛速度快于较低收入状态的省区,因此,我国富裕省区与相对落后省区的人均收入差距还在不断扩大;我国目前还没有达到增长极限,不存在高水平陷阱现象。     

中国省际高新技术产业技术创新的 TFP测算及收敛趋势研究

采用DEA Malmquist方法与Bootstrap方法相结合,本文对2000-2010年间我国省际高新技术产业技术创新的TFP进行了测算,并对区域高新产业技术创新的TFP变化差异进行了收敛性检验。研究结果显示,2000-2010年间我国高新技术产业技术创新效率处于不断波动中,技术创新效率的改进并不理想;从三大区域和各省市的情况来看,高新技术产业技术创新效率变动方向存在显著差异;短期内,各区域高新技术产业技术创新的TFP变化呈现一定的发散性,长期则具有较强的收敛趋势。     

我国经济增长的多重均衡现象——基于动态门槛面板数据模型的研究

本文首次应用动态门槛面板数据模型，对我国经济增长的多重均衡现象进行了研究，研究表明我国经济增长具有明显的多重均衡现象。当人均收入低于1007元时，存在着经济增长障碍，经济处于低水平陷阱；一旦突破低收入门槛，在同一的收入状态里省区经济增长率趋向收敛。然而，由于较高收入状态的省区收入收敛速度快于较低收入状态的省区，因此，我国富裕省区与相对落后省区的人均收入差距还在不断扩大；我国目前还没有达到增长极限，不存在高水平陷阱现象。     

中国区域乡镇企业全要素生产率增长的实证研究

笔者基于2002年～2010年中国大陆各省区乡镇企业的面板数据,采用Malmquist生产率指数法,对中国乡镇企业全要素生产率(TFP)的增长来源、差异与变化趋势进行了实证分析.结果表明,考察期内中国乡镇企业TFP平均增长率为-6.6％,东、中、西部乡镇企业TFP增长存在显著的地区差异,目前应注重乡镇企业的规划、管理及区域间的协调发展.     

创新主体对研发全要素生产率的影响实证研究

利用非参数的Malmquist生产率指数方法研究了1999-2008年我国研发全要素生产率(TFP)的变动及其分解,在对TFP变动的时序特征及地区差异进行比较分析的基础上,考察了公共和企业创新对研发TFP的影响。研究表明:我国研发TFP的增长主要是由技术效率推动的,技术进步改善的作用相对有限,研发技术进步与技术效率显著负相关,地区之间研发TFP增长率也存在显著差异;公共和企业研发对研发TFP的影响均为负,且企业研发对TFP增长的负面效应大于公共研发。     

我国物流业全要素生产率及其影响因素分析

运用索洛残值法测算了1997—2010年我国31个省(自治区、直辖市)的物流业TFP,构建空间计量模型,对物流业TFP的影响因素进行实证分析。研究结果表明:我国各省的物流业TFP具有明显的空间相关性和空间异质性;地理环境因素对物流业TFP的影响显著,地理位置相邻地区的物流业TFP具有趋同现象;基础设施和工业化进程对物流业TPF的提高有显著的正向影响,而市场需求条件和市场化水平的促进作用不显著。     

中国农村居民收入差距分析

本文采用时间序列与截面数据相结合的方法,从收入水平的历史演变和收入来源演变两个方面对我国农村居民的地区间收入差距及收入来源差异进行了系统的分析,重点分析了西部12省区农村居民与全国的收入差距及收入来源差异。研究结果表明,西部农村与发达地区的主要差异在于非农业收入增长速度缓慢。     

进口贸易技术溢出效应和经济增长效应再检验——基于中国省际面板数据和一阶差分广义矩方法的研究

本文采用动态面板数据一阶差分广义距方法结合1985至2005年我国28个省区市的面板数据检验了进口贸易对我国的技术溢出效应和经济增长效应。结果发现：进口贸易不但提高了我国的全要素生产率（TFP）水平,还促进了我国经济增长;在吸收能力变量中,只有作为综合技术水平的TFP促进了进口贸易的技术溢出;此外还发现,人力资本构成中只有高等教育人力资本与TFP及收入水平显著正相关。     

我国制造业技术进步、技术效率及区域差异——基于DEA方法的实证研究

利用Malmquist生产率指数方法,对我国29个省的制造业在1999--2005年间的全要素生产率（TFP）的变化进行了测算,把TFP的增长构成分解为技术进步和生产效率变化两个成分,并对其区域差异进行了分析,最后对省际制造业TFP进行了趋同分析。结果显示：我国制造业TFP的增长主要是由技术进步推动的,当技术进步促进TFP提升时,总会受到生产效率下降对TFP增长的抑制影响;区域间技术进步及技术效率存在较大差异,省级制造业TFP存在条件β收敛。     

关于农民收入收敛性的实证分析——基于Panel Data的经验研究

采用改革开放以来的分省数据对农民收入的收敛性进行了σ收敛、绝对β收敛和条件β收敛的实证检验.结果发现:1978～2003年全国农民在收入水平上不存在σ收敛,在收入增长率上也不存在显著的绝对β收敛.当控制了物质资本、人力资本和劳动力增长率等条件后,农民收入呈现条件β收敛,但条件β收敛速度在不同地区存在差异;物质资本和人力资本等收敛条件在不同地区的作用也存在差异.     

How important are dual economy effects for aggregate productivity?

This paper brings together development accounting techniques and the dual economy model to address the role that factor markets have in creating variation in aggregate total factor productivity (TFP). Development accounting research has shown that much of the variation in income across countries can be attributed to differences in TFP. The dual economy model suggests that aggregate productivity is depressed by having too many factors allocated to low productivity work in agriculture. Data show large differences in marginal products of similar factors within many developing countries, offering prima facie evidence of this misallocation. Using a simple two-sector decomposition of the economy, this article estimates the role of these misallocations in accounting for the cross-country income distribution. A key contribution is the ability to bring sector-specific data on human and physical capital stocks to the analysis. Variation across countries in the degree of misallocation is shown to account for 30–40% of the variation in income per capita, and up to 80% of the variation in aggregate TFP.     

技术效率、资本深化与地区差异——基于随机前沿模型的中国地区收敛分析

本文提出了基于随机前沿生产函数的地区增长差异分析框架,将各地区劳均产出差距分解为劳均资本差异、经济规模差异和全要素生产率差异三个部分。利用改革时期的省级数据,本文发现尽管要素投入仍然是中国经济增长的主要源泉,但全要素生产率是造成地区差异的重要原因,在地区劳均产出差异中的贡献份额不断提高,将成为今后中国地区增长差异的主要决定力量。而且,1990年以来中国地区全要素生产率呈现出绝对发散趋势,严重的技术扩散壁垒加剧了体制转轨过程中的“马太效应”,短期内地区差距不会随经济发展而缩小,政府需要通过适当的政策对地区发展进行调节,尤其要促进地区间技术扩散,使各地区更好地分享技术创新和体制创新的成果。     

A reassessment of total factor productivity convergence: Evidence from cross-country analysis

This study revisits total factor productivity (TFP) convergence by employing the latest Lagrange multiplier and residual augmented least squares Lagrange multiplier unit root tests and Phillips and Sul panel club convergence technique. The study uses annual data for 44 developing and 29 developed countries covering the time-period 1970–2014. Our findings from these unit root tests support evidence of TFP convergence. Region-based results (Africa, Asia, and Latin America and the Caribbean) also confirm TFP convergence. Further, results derived from the Phillips and Sul test support evidence of TFP convergence, although the speed of convergence varies by region. The highest speed is noted in the Asia region, whereas, the lowest of speed productivity convergence is observed in the Africa region.     

我国农民受教育水平与农民收入关系的实证研究

基于协整理论的Panel Data模型,运用Granger因果关系检验,从实证角度分析了我国农民受教育水平对农民收入的影响,并比较了地区因素对农民收入的影响。得出结论：我国农民受教育水平是农民收入变动的Granger原因,农民收入和农民受教育水平之间存在长期的稳定均衡关系。     

Technical Diffusion,Productivity Convergence and Specialisation in OECD Manufacturing

A panel data regression analysis investigates the issue of total factor productivity (TFP) convergence in OECD manufacturing during the period 1970–1995. The results imply: conditional β convergence, actual catching up and stronger convergence at a disaggregate level than at the level of manufacturing as a whole. The evolution of the standard deviation of the log of TFP shows that there is also evidence of σ convergence. The stronger convergence of TFP at a disaggregate level is explained by a high level of OECD manufacturing production specialisation, which is also shown to be very persistent. The degree of research specialisation is shown to be even higher and equally sticky. A correlation analysis shows that both specialisation patterns are related.     

The Canadian productivity stagnation, 2002–2014

Total factor productivity (TFP) growth in Canada between 2002 and 2014 has been only 0.16% per year. This figure is substantially smaller than that of the United States, or that of Canada in the past. We perform multiple counterfactual exercises to show that this small TFP growth cannot be accounted for by several compositional effects or mismeasurements of factors of production. We identify two key sectors (mostly Mining and to a lesser extent Manufacturing) that drive all of the TFP growth difference with the United States. Despite the lack of TFP growth, Canada has experienced sustained income growth due to a prolonged period of appreciation of the terms of trade (while US terms of trade have deteriorated), making real income in the two countries grow at similar rates.     

Spatial analysis of change trend and influencing factors of total factor productivity in China’s regional construction industry

Total factor productivity (TFP) is a measure of long-term economic growth and a comprehensive industry-level productivity measure. There are large gaps in China’s regional construction industry development due to unbalanced regional economy. Based on TFP measurement, this article puts forward a two-hierarchical analysis framework with coefficient of variation, Moran scatterplot and coefficient of convergence to analyse change trend of the construction industry TFP in three major regions in terms of spatial diversity, correlation and convergence. Then, the geographically weighted regression model is utilized to explore the influencing mechanism on the TFP. The results indicate the differences of the regional construction industry TFP are enlarging. There is obvious spatial correlation and heterogeneity in the regional TFP without a relatively stable space pattern. The TFP also exhibits convergence effects among three major regions. The construction industry productivity in all regions is significantly affected by economic environment, industrial organization structure and technological level. Industrial organization structure exerts the various influences on the productivity in different regions.     

Human capital aggregation and relative wages across countries

Most of the growth accounting literature relies on an aggregate production function to determine the contribution of factors of production relative to that of total factor productivity (TFP) in explaining differences in incomes across countries. I show that the importance of TFP in accounting for cross-country income differences depends crucially on how skilled and unskilled labor are aggregated. Further, cross-country evidence on the relationship between relative wages and relative endowments of skilled and unskilled labor suggests that the two types of labor should not be aggregated into a single factor of production. Growth accounting decomposition using a commonly used nested-CES aggregate production function that allows skilled and unskilled labor to be used as separate factors of production results in a significantly greater role for TFP in accounting for income differences across countries than that found by past studies. The finding that different aggregate production functions lead to significantly different conclusions about the role of TFP in accounting for cross-country income differences calls for a more general approach to understanding such differences.     

Convergence in income inequality? evidence from panel unit root tests with structural breaks

This paper empirically tests whether there is evidence of convergence in income inequality, as predicted by several versions of the neoclassical growth model, using a large panel of annual data for the 48 contiguous states in the US over the 1916?C2005 period. By implementing the panel LM unit root test developed by Im et?al. (Oxford Bull Econ Stat 67:393?C419, 2005, Panel LM unit-root tests with trend shifts, Mimeo, 2010) that allows for the presence of structural breaks and heterogeneity in the panel, we find overwhelming evidence in support of convergence in income inequality. In addition, the results are robust to alternative inequality indicators used, different notions of stochastic convergence defined, and additional cross-sectional correlation considered.     

Economic growth and poverty traps in sub-Saharan Africa: The role of education and TFP shocks

This paper investigates the “education-total factor productivity trade-off” in explaining income per worker differences between sub-Saharan (unlucky) and G7 (lucky) economies. First, we examine the dynamics of average years of schooling (i.e. education), capital per worker, income per worker, and total factor productivity (TFP) across sub-Saharan and G7 countries. We confirm that physical capital and education levels partially explain income per worker differences between lucky and unlucky economies. Second, we undertake a novel examination of the impact of technology shocks on income per worker, with the goal of understanding the role of technology variation in causing cross-country income per worker differences, and as a potential contributor to overall slow growth in the sub-Saharan region. In a vector autoregressive (VAR) framework, we show that the impact of “ad hoc” TFP shocks on income per worker is larger in unlucky economies than in lucky ones. We observe that average TFP volatility in the “unlucky world” is eight times higher than in the “G7 world”. We argue that the order of magnitude of the impact heavily depends on the level of the TFP volatility. Last, we suggest that the documented differences in the amount of physical capital and in the productivity of human capital between these two regions add conceptual support for the existence of poverty traps for sub-Saharan Africa.