压力容器管理与注意事项

一、概述随着我国经济的发展。我国的石油化工事业也越来越发达,化工压力容器越来越多,因压力容器引起的人身伤亡事故也越来越多。二、压力容器的生命周期压力容器的生命周期一般经过以下几个阶段：设计一制造—安装一注册登记一投用一定期检验—修理改造一报废注销。作为化工企业的压力容器管理人员,在压力容器生命周期的不同阶段应有不同的考虑。下面作者就自身能遇到的不同阶段进行阐述。三、各阶段的重点注意事项。     

辛亥革命与日常生活——以学堂学生与城市民众为例

当辛亥革命突如其来之时,日常生活与革命之间有着复杂深刻的互动影响。本文以当时学堂学生与上海城市民众的日常生活为例,试图呈现更多个体遭遇辛亥革命时的不同处境和多歧感受。这些不同处境和多歧感受有的植根于清末以来社会各方面的巨大变化,有的则来自民国建立以后的时局转折,它们从一个侧面反映了原本被遮蔽甚深的革命本相。     

欧盟与中国商标注册程序法比较研究

欧盟商标制度是欧盟法律一体化的积极成果。在商标注册程序方面,欧盟法与中国法的规定多有不同,了解、分析这些不同,对于增进双方经贸交流具有重要意义。作为在协调欧盟各成员国商标制度基础上产生的一项全新法律制度,《欧盟商标条例》以权利人意思自治与权利保护为价值偏重,体现了现代商标法律制度发展趋向,其中有关商标注册程序的多项制度设计,值得借鉴。     

绿色建筑发展与实践思考

绿色建筑理论迅速发展,实践项目也越来越多.新建工程节能环保领先一步,旧建筑的绿色改造也有很好的发展前景.新旧建筑在绿色节能方面使用不同的策略,使之适用自身不同的特点,以期实现相同的节能目标.     

经济与生态效益不同情景下的广州市土地利用优化配置

缓解生态保护与经济发展之间的矛盾已成为广州市目前亟须解决的重要现实问题。通过对经济效益和生态效益最大化的不同侧重,基于多目标规划模型与CLUE-S模型对广州市2025年不同情景下的土地利用进行优化配置。结果表明:(1)与现状相比,兼顾两者效益情景的土地利用优化方案最为合理:效益提升最为协调分别为9.35%、9.58%,不同景观类型破碎化程度适中;(2)广州市对生态、经济效益的不同侧重主要导致林地、建设用地和水域面积的变化较大,未来规划应注重这三种地类的合理规划;(3)多目标规划与CLUE-S模型的结合,可以有效解决广州市多情景的土地资源优化配置模拟。研究结果对广州市土地利用可持续发展和生态文明建设具有较大的参考价值。     

论区域文化与经济发展的相关关系

不同地区有不同的文化 ,而区域文化对经济发展有全方位、持久的影响。如发达地区多有经商的传统 ,而落后地区人们的观念则一般都比较保守。所以 ,深入、细致研究不同地域文化 ,对从根本上启动经济发展的动力是非常重要的。本文便结合案例来研究区域文化和经济发展的相关关系。     

浅论钢筋混凝土施工裂缝的原因与控制

本文对混凝土裂缝产生的原因与控制进行了理论和实践上的初步探讨.虽然学术界对于混凝土裂缝的成因和计算方法有不同的理论,但对于具体的预防和改善措施意见比较统一,同时在实践中的应用效果也较好,具体施工中要靠我们多观察、多比较,出现问题后多分析、多总结,结合多种预防处理措施,混凝土的裂缝是完全可以避免的.     

知识产权保护与FDI产业布局关系研究

研究知识产权保护吸引FDI作用的文献不多,而利用跨国数据从行业层面研究知识产权保护与FDI关系的文献则更少。利用9个国家11年的面板数据,对知识产权保护与FDI产业布局的关系进行了实证研究。结果表明,知识产权保护是影响FDI产业布局的一个重要因素,且对不同行业吸收FDI有不同方向和不同程度的影响。     

绩效预算：理念与实践

一、绩效预算是一种绩效型预算制度形式 自1949年胡佛委员会提出以来，目前已经有50多个国家不同程度地实施了形式不同的绩效预算，其名称也各不相同，比如有“项目预算”、     

论混凝土裂缝的预防与处理

一、混凝土工程中常见裂缝及预防1．干缩裂缝及预防。干缩裂缝多出现在混凝土养护结束后的一段时间或是混凝土浇筑完毕后的一周左右。水泥浆中水分的蒸发会产生干缩，且这种收缩是不可逆的。干缩裂缝的产生主要是由于混凝土内外水分蒸发程度不同而导致变形不同的结果。干缩裂缝多为表面性的平行线状或网状浅细裂缝，宽度多在0.05mm～0.2mm之间，大体积混凝土中平面部位多见，较薄的梁板中多沿其短向分布。混凝土干缩主要和混凝土的水灰比、水泥的成分、水泥的用量、集料的性质和用量、外加剂的用量等有关。     

盈亏临界点分析在企业多产品经营战略中的运用

利用本量利分析法可以判断盈亏临界点,使生产经营决策科学合理。当企业管理者面对多品种产品的决策时,在考虑企业综合固定成本和产品个别固定成本的前提下,按边际贡献率的大小来安排生产和销售的先后顺序,能够确定出更加精确的盈亏临界点。     

Prospect theory and liquidation decisions

We solve a liquidation problem for an agent with preferences consistent with the prospect theory of Kahneman and Tversky [Econometrica 47 (1979) 263-291]. We find that the agent is willing to hold a risky project with a relatively inferior Sharpe ratio if the project is currently making losses, and intends to liquidate it when it breaks even. On the other hand, the agent may liquidate a project with a relatively superior Sharpe ratio if its current profits rise or drop to the break-even point. Our results capture the spirit of the disposition effect and the break-even effect documented in empirical and experimental studies.     

Break-even analysis in a nurse-managed center

The concept of break-even analysis as a financial assessment tool is defined and demonstrated in evaluation of a proposed nurse-managed center. The advantages of using break-even analysis during proposal development are explored.     

我国高铁偿债平衡点与债务风险代际转移研究

基于现金流理念,从开行密度视角测算高铁偿债平衡点.研究表明,目前达到列车开行密度偿债平衡点的高铁和客专营业里程分别占该类线路总营业里程的59.3％和20.9％,且债务风险可能发生代际转移.建议对高铁的外部效益实施财政补贴,优化线路公司的资本结构,适度提高单位票价率,加强城际高铁与干线高铁和民航机场的联接,提升高铁站与市内交通换乘的便捷性,并积极实施基于土地综合开发的TOD模式.     

Cost-axiomatic regulatory pricing

The axioms of the Shapley value and semi-values of non-atomic games can be taken as the starting point for axioms on the relation between costs and prices of a regulated multiproduct monopoly. The price mechanisms that result from this system of axioms are called cost- axiomatic prices. This paper shows the applicability of such pricing to all cases of regulatory constraints that require revenue to be a given percentage of costs (including cost-plus regulation, break-even pricing or Amtrak's 50% clause). Moreover, we show that all such price mechanisms, including a fairly general system of taxation or subsidization of consumers, are demand compatible if cost-axiomatic pricing leads to deficits or profits.     

Cost benefit analysis of conservation efforts to preserve an endangered species: The Griffon Vulture (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Gyps fulvus</Emphasis>) in Israel

The major goal of this study was to determine whether protective measures in the case of the Eurasian Griffon Vulture are in accordance with public priorities. To this end we used the Travel Cost (TCM) and Contingent Valuation Methods (CVM) to estimate its value. We also determined the break even point in the allocation of funds targeted to protection at the regional level and performed a cost-benefit analysis of conservation efforts on a national level in Israel. The value of the marginal vulture was found to be approximately 34,000 NIS at Gamla and 316,000 NIS at Hai-Bar Nature Reserves. The economic efficiency of feeding stations was examined from two aspects: At the regional level, the break-even point for a feeding station to be efficient was 0.24 and 2.20 vultures per year for the Hai-Bar and Gamla NRs respectively. At the national level, in most cases, the national project to save vultures, ‘Porsim Kanaf’ (‘Porsim Kanaf’ is the national birds of prey conservation project in Israel) passes a Cost-Benefit test based on the valuation results.     

Staying ahead and getting even: Risk attitudes of experienced poker players

Frequent online poker players with extensive experience calculating probabilities and expected values might be expected to behave as Expected Utility maximizers, in that small shocks to their wealth would not affect risk preferences (Rabin, 2000). By contrast, reference-dependent loss aversion (as in Prospect Theory) (Koszegi and Rabin, 2006, Kahneman and Tversky, 1979) predicts that risk aversion decreases as wealth moves away from the reference point in either direction. In terms of continuing to play, as well as a more aggressive playing style, we find strong evidence for the break-even effect, the increased pursuit of risk as a player is losing within a session. Players' behavior also appears consistent with existing evidence on reference-dependent labor supply, in their tendency to reduce effort and risk-taking in response to being ahead. Our findings provide evidence for reference-dependent behavior in a flexible, high-skilled setting, under conditions of well-understood monetary risk.     

Hospice costs and medicare reimbursement: an application of break-even analysis

The adequacy of Medicare reimbursement to cover hospice costs is examined using break-even analysis. Since hospice costs are high during the first few days after enrollment, a long period of enrollment is required for per diem reimbursement to cover costs. Under a variety of specifications, the length of stay required for the hospice to break even is greater than the median length of stay.     

Prospect theory for stock markets: Empirical evidence with time-series data

Based on the loss aversion model of asset pricing, this paper explores empirical evidence on the prospect theory for stock markets with time-series data. The analysis, using a state-space model, shows that previous gains and losses may have asymmetric effects on investment behavior, pointing to the possibility of break-even effects ignored by asset-pricing models using prospect theory.     

Welfare effects of unbundling under different regulatory regimes in natural gas markets

In this paper, we develop a theoretical model that enriches the literature on the pros and cons of ownership unbundling vis-à-vis lighter unbundling frameworks in the natural gas markets. For each regulatory framework, we compute equilibrium outcomes when an incumbent firm and a new entrant compete à la Cournot in the final gas market. We find that the entrant’s contracting conditions in the upstream market and the transmission tariff are key determinants of the market structure in the downstream gas market (both with ownership and with legal unbundling). We also study how the regulator must optimally set transmission tariffs in each of the two unbundling regimes. We conclude that welfare maximizing tariffs often require free access to the transmission network (in both regulatoy regimes). However, when the regulator aims at promoting the break-even of the regulated transmission system operator, the first-best tariff is unfeasible in both regimes. Hence, we study a more realistic set-up, in which the regulator’s action is constrained by the break-even of the regulated firm (the transmission system operator). In this set-up, we find that, for a given transmission tariff, final prices in the downstream market are always higher with ownership unbundling than with legal unbundling.