特征价格模型的发展应用研究

特征价格模型因为其完美的理论思想而成为国际上普遍使用的分析异质品价格和特征关系的主要方法.本文通过对国外核心期刊上一百五十二篇特征价格法相关文献的检阅,梳理了国内外特征价格模型及指数编制的研究现状,对特征价格模型的功能进行了总结性定位,认为特征价格模型的功能主要在于:异质品价格指数的编制,异质品价格预测、价值评估或产品定价,异质品价格影响因素分析,非市场因素的经济效应的检验及对传统经济学模型的改进五方面.文章最后以住宅为例,归纳总结了特征价格法在研究应用中存在的主要问题:一是市场细分;二是特征变量选择和量化;三是模型形式选择;四是模型估计方法的研究;五是指数编制中的问题.这些研究对象为未来特征价格的研究提供了可行参考.     

Measuring Women's Quality of Life: A Discussion of Alternative Approaches

This paper reports our experiences with the application of a number of alternative approaches to a study of women's economic circumstances and quality of life in a typical western city. The important work of, especially, Martha Nussbaum on the capabilities approach to evaluations of “quality of life” has highlighted pitfalls associated with the use of a narrow informational base in studies of women's lives and has emphasized the value of qualitative methods in these evaluations. However, to date, most discussions of the relevance of plural approaches to studies of women's lives have been conducted in the context of developing countries. This paper contributes a practical, current example of the relevance of such approaches to assessments of the lives of women in western countries as well. The research findings reported in the paper also cast further light on the importance of several, related themes in the literature on the capabilities approach, namely the importance of understanding how women's aspirations and expectations change with their economic and social experiences; and the importance of appreciating the social uses of language and how this affects the way in which women describe their lives.     

A Spatial Hedonic Approach to Assess the Impact of Swine Production on Residential Property Values

A spatial hedonic model is developed to assess monetary harm of confined animal feeding operations (CAFOs) on property values, taking explicitly into account spatial dependence in property values. Spatial autocorrelation was found in the form of spatial lag dependence, not spatial error dependence. When spatial lag dependence is explicitly taken into account, on average the impact coefficient estimate of a CAFO is reduced by 18%. For example, the impact on the value of the median house ($63,520) 1 mile from a swine facility with 10,000 head fell from  − $6,800 to  − $5,200, or 23.5%. The magnitude of the spatial autoregressive parameter was about 0.2 for the 1-mile distance band, meaning one-fifth of the house value could be explained by the values of the neighboring houses.     

欠发达区域城镇化发展效益空间分异

文章采用综合评价、空间自相关等方法,对苏北和皖北11市城镇化发展效益进行分析,得出2010-2017年城镇化发展效益不高,经济和社会效益有上升趋势,综合和生态效益有下降趋势.苏北5市分维效益高于皖北6市且差距有扩大趋势.经济和社会效益是城镇化发展的主要动力;城镇化综合效益层级特征明显,自东向西递减,综合效益、经济和社会效益空间集聚特征符合城镇化"核心-边缘"分异模式;综合效益形成HH、LL、LH三种空间集聚类型,经济和社会效益均形成HH和LL两种空间集聚类型,生态效益不显著;皖北处于城镇化发展效益的冷点区域.应在提高生态效益基础上,定位欠发达区域支柱产业,加快基础设施互联互通,打破行政壁垒,实现欠发达区域一体化,融入长三角一体化.     

An Application of the Hedonic Price Model to the Perth Residential Land Market*

This paper presents the results of an application of the Rosen-Freeman hedonic price model to the Perth (Western Australia) residential land market. A sample of over two thousand market transactions is used to estimate the value of residential land attributes. Major emphasis is given to those particular land attributes that are subject to public regulation and to the policy implications that follow.     

北京市二手住宅价格影响机制——基于多尺度地理加权回归模型(MGWR)的研究

文章基于多尺度地理加权回归研究北京市2011—2017年二手住宅交易的价格特征,结果表明:①以往基于经典地理加权回归模型的研究可能存在一定的不稳健,而多尺度地理加权回归可以将不同变量对于因变量的影响尺度反映出来,其回归的结果更为可靠。②北京房价对区位因素非常敏感,且存在高度的空间异质性,区位的影响尺度是所有变量中最小的,接近于街道尺度。而卧室数量和到最近地铁站的距离为全局尺度的变量,在空间上的影响较为平稳。到公交站的距离、到小学的距离、建筑结构和装修状况对于房价的影响不显著。其他显著的变量均存在一定的空间异质性,其空间尺度由小到大分别为成交时间、面积、楼龄、楼层、朝向。③区位、朝向、卧室数量、成交时间均正向影响房价,而面积、楼龄、楼层、到地铁站的距离负向影响房价。所有影响因素中区位是影响房价的最主要因素,其次是成交时间朝向。面积成交时间、朝向和到最近地铁站的距离影响较大,所在楼层、卧室数量对于房价的影响较小,而面积和楼龄的影响最弱。     

中国控制权私利的国际比较及影响因素分析

中国的控制权私利水平高于普通法系国家,也高于东亚的大部分国家.控制权私利与净资产收益率显著负相关,与资本债务比率显著正相关,公司规模和股权制衡机制对于控股股东掠夺控制权私利有一定的限制作用,但是作用并不明显,市场化指数并不能解释各地区控制权私利水平的差异.     

控制权收益与超控制权收益——基于企业能力理论的视角

多数文献将控制权收益定性为控股股东对中小股东利益的侵害,是一种掏空公司的行为。从企业能力理论视角来说,控股股东是基于其独特的组织资源和能力获取控制权收益,这种收益具有合理性,它是对控制性股东卓越组织能力的回报以及在组织过程中对控制权成本的补偿。而超控制权收益则是控股股东组织能力之外的滥用权力和钻法律漏洞所获得的一种非生产性回报,不具有系统性和可持续性,表现为对中小股东和其他利益相关者的侵害和掠夺。对控股股东侵害的规制,应在保护其合理控制权收益的基础上遏制其超控制权收益。     

Micro-simulation and Normative Policy Evaluation: An Application to Some EU Tax Benefits Systems

In this work we explore the impact of alternative tax benefits systems on household welfare. The framework of our analysis is the theory of optimal taxation with the distribution of potential wages replaced by the distribution of household abilities. The latter has been calculated by inversion of the household's utility maximization problem. This methodology has then been implemented in order to compare the tax benefits systems of France and the United Kingdom. We have employed a behavioral micro‐simulation model that has been applied on samples extracted from the “Households Budget Survey 1989” of INSEE and from the “Family Expenditure Survey” of ONS.     

Hedonic adaptation and the role of decision and experience utility in public policy

Many economists are becoming supportive of ‘soft’ paternalistic interventions that help people to avoid common decision errors without curtailing individual autonomy. To identify when such interventions could be beneficial, and to assess their success, requires a welfare criterion. However, traditional preference or choice-based criteria cannot serve this function because they assume that whatever people choose makes them better off. An alternative criterion that bases welfare on happiness rather than choice avoids this problem but has several of its own drawbacks. Most notably, people often adapt to serious chronic health conditions, and exhibit high levels of happiness, even though both those with and those without the condition agree that it is much preferable to be healthy. After reviewing different lines of research that shed light on the pros and cons of these alternative welfare criteria, we argue that no simple criterion based on either concept can surmount these problems. Instead, evaluations of welfare will inevitably have to be informed by a combination of both approaches, patched together in a fashion that depends on the specific context.     

Economic Benefits Resulting From Irrigation Water Use: Theory and an Application to Groundwater Use

Traditional economic analysis using a crop production function approachhas assumed that all variable factors, including irrigation water, arefully employed in the crop production process. However, this paper firstdemonstrates that economic benefits of irrigation water areoverestimated when the crop production function, and therefore theirrigation water demand function, is expressed in terms of irrigationwater supplied, rather than consumptive irrigation water use. Second,the paper demonstrates that the magnitude of the estimation bias isproportional to the rate of irrigation water losses through leaching,runoff and evaporation. Consequently, the model misspecification problemwould lead to increased irrigation water use and reduce incentives forfarmers to adopt improved irrigation technologies.     

The Long Run Effects of Green Belt Amenities Upon the Population Growth: The Case of Almost Linear Demand Function

The purpose of this paper is to suggest that, in evaluating the relevance of sustaining the green belt, we must pay more attention to the fact that the green belt amenities can accelerate rather than decelerate the population growth of a city. For this, this paper analyzes the case where there exist green belt amenities and the demand for land function is almost linear. In this case, it can be shown that the green belt is ineffective in restricting the population growth in the long run. [020]     

空间生产视角下大运河文化遗产重生的过程与机制——以扬州运河三湾生态文化公园为例

遗产重生是强化遗产价值认知、促进遗产保护与传承、增强和提升文化自信的重要课题,空间生产理论在审视社会空间形态与文化生产演化方面具有重要作用,为分析遗产重生的过程与机制提供了解读视角。大运河作为一类巨型的线性文化遗产,难以全景分析遗产格局状态和演化机制,针对其中节点开展空间生产演化研究,是揭示遗产重生过程与机制的基础性工作。以扬州运河三湾生态文化公园为例,运用土地利用变化指数模型和GIS技术,从空间形态层面刻画遗产重生的物理形变过程与特点,进一步通过查阅志书和访谈分析探究遗产文化生产变迁历程,从空间生产视角揭示遗产重生机制。结果表明：(1)遗产重生过程分为农居空间、工业空间以及生态文化空间三个阶段,每一阶段功能区布局和空间形态规律不一。(2)遗产空间形态的变化,反映了遗产地不同阶段文化脉络及空间生产方式与内容的差异化特征,空间嬗变具有不同属性的特征。(3)遗产空间在工业化阶段出现断层,而在生态文明建设指引下,空间生产的三元主体共同作用,推动了运河遗产重生。     

济南都市圈交通可达性与经济发展水平测度及空间格局研究

区域交通可达性与经济发展水平之间的关系历来是国内外学术研究的热点.以县域尺度为视角构建济南都市圈交通可达性测度指数和县域经济综合发展水平指数,以济南都市圈34个县市为例,构建11种交通可达性和经济发展水平组合类型,得出以下结论:①济南都市圈交通可达性区域差异较大,以低可达性和较高可达性为主,县域经济发展水平区域差异较小,以低经济发展水平和较低经济发展水平为主;②34个县市的交通经济组合类型分为11类,以交通可达性与经济发展水平协调型为主;③低可达性低经济发展水平类型县市数量最多,主要分布在德州、聊城、滨州等地市.研究济南都市圈县域尺度交通可达性与经济发展水平的测度及其空间格局能够为区域协调均衡发展提供较好的理论和实践指导.     

支持与选择:央地产能政策的行动逻辑与空间适用

产能过剩扭曲了资源配置,而中央和地方的产业政策具有两种不同的引导资源配置的逻辑.本文以中国2008-2018年制造业上市公司为研究样本,以治理产能过剩为目标、比较优势为索引,探讨了中央和地方产业政策的协调机制.研究结果表明:地方独立制定的产业政策与追随中央制定的产业政策均可以提升企业产能利用率,但是前者的边际作用更大且顺应了比较优势.在央地两级产业政策的空间适用性方面,两种产业政策组合在不同地区分组、政府压力分组和市场化分组中,实现了不同的治理效果.地方政府压力越小、市场化程度越高,治理产能过剩的央地产业政策将更加协调,更能遵循比较优势路径.     

Comparing Conventional and New Policy Approaches for Carnivore Conservation: Theoretical Results and Application to Tiger Conservation

New policy approaches to facilitate the co-existence of wildlife and livestock are needed for situations where predation incidents greatly impact households’ income and retaliatory killing threatens endangered carnivore species’ survival. In this paper, models are developed to assess how two alternative policy approaches impact a herder’s decisions on carnivore hunting and livestock protection. We find that while the well-established ex-post compensation policy induces suboptimal livestock protection it can generate sufficient incentives for the herder to refrain from hunting so that the carnivore population reaches its socially optimal level. Performance payments are proposed as alternative policy. They are found not to distort livestock protection incentives and can also help achieve a socially optimal carnivore population level. Which of the two scheme types gives rise to less cost is ambiguous. An empirical analysis of the model with data from tiger-livestock conflicts in India is presented.     

我国区域经济差异的时空分析——基于全国与三大都市圈的对比研究

中国的区域经济差异历来是国内外学术界关注的热点问题,文章通过全国与三大都市圈的对比分析来探索我国建国以来区域经济差异的时空演化规律。首先,从空间尺度来看,全国整体区域经济差异在持续拉大,而东部沿海地区的典型代表——三大都市圈内部的经济差异却在逐步减小。这充分说明我国沿海地区近距离的区域趋同效应显著,内部的核心地区(如上海、北京、广州等地)近距离的经济扩散作用明显,导致其内部经济差异大幅缩小。但对远距离的内陆地区影响作用很小,全国其他地区与三大都市圈的经济差异在不断扩大。其次,文章探索了我国区域经济不平衡程度与空间依赖之间的关系。一般来说,区域经济越不平衡,那么区域经济的空间依赖程度将会上升,空间分布将会呈现出明显的聚集趋势(内部产生经济增长极),反之则相反。此外,文章还探索了全国和三大都市圈区间差异和区内差异的时空演变规律。对全国来说,区间差异逐渐上升为主要差异,并且区内差异逐步缩小,这意味着东中西地区之间的差距在逐步扩大,而其内部差异逐渐缩小。而对三大都市圈而言,内部区域之间的差异在逐步缩小,而区域内的差异则上升为主要差异。     

金融市场风险之测定工具——VaR法的原理及应用

市场风险是金融市场风险中最重要的一种风险,将其定量化分析,是当前银行、财务公司、公司管理人员、投资人及金融监管当局对评估和管理个别资产或资产组合的市场亟待解决的问题,VaR法是国外普遍采用的市场风险测定技术。     

生态工业园区理论与实践探析——以曹妃甸为例

建设生态工业园区是发展循环经济走新型工业化之路的重要途径,受到国内外学者的关注.国内外越来越多的政府与企业自20世纪90年代以来开始重视生态工业园区的规划、设计与管理.在21世纪,曹妃甸作为我国生态工业园区的典型,在发展循环经济、加强产业链合、促进环境保护方面走出了一条新路,其生态工业园区建设与循环经济模式给人们很多启示.