中国高新技术企业国际化方式评价

中国高新技术企业正在逐步实施国际化,与发达国家跨国公司国际化方式不同的是,其进程将要“两条腿”走路;高新技术企业吸收外资呈上升趋势,但吸引海外风险投资,促进高科技成果的国际化方面还处于起步阶段;我国正成为跨国公司未来的技术策源地之一,但自主创新能力不足;加工贸易仍将是我国今后一个时期高新技术企业对外贸易的主要方式,但拥有自主知识产权、自主品牌和核心技术的产品比重较低,且出口结构性矛盾突出;在全球经济一体化的背景下,中国高新技术企业实施“走出去”战略的条件将更加成熟。     

中国企业国际化经营策略分析

经济全球化已经成为不可逆转的潮流,一个国家或地区要全面提高对外开放的水平,就必须不失时机地开展国际化经营,实施“走出去”战略。国际化经营是任何企业走向世界的必由之路。但是中国企业目前在国际化经营中还存在很多问题,因此,如何直面挑战、把握时机,提高参与国际合作和竞争的能力,是中国企业当前面临的一个重要问题。     

山西煤焦民营企业国际化经营分析

进入新世纪,经济全球化浪潮冲击着国内经济的各个领域,山西的煤焦行业也不例外,山西煤焦民营企业正面临着严峻的国际竞争压力与国家产业政策的束缚。为实现新能源的良好发展,煤焦民营企业一方面要优化产业结构升级,加强对能源原材料的开发利用,减少损耗,走资源集约化发展道路;另一方面要加快国际化经营的战略步伐,以国际化视角发展壮大企业,谋求新的经济增长点,以便拓展企业生存发展空间,提高企业的市场竞争力。     

以资源寻求为导向的民营企业国际化经营战略

在经济全球化不断推进的今天，企业无论大小都不可避免地被卷入经济全球化的浪潮。实施国际化战略并非是大型国有企业的特权，众多中小型的民营企业日渐发展成为我国企业国际化的主体。在要素资源制约日益严重的今天，要素资源特别是原材料资源的短缺将会长期制约着民营企业今后的发展。而着手实施全球化资源战略，以国际视野来考虑资源来源问题，在全球范围寻找和建立企业的资源开发供应保障体系，是这些中小民营企业获得长足发展的基本策略。本文从国际化战略的相关理论出发，分析以寻求资源为导向的民营企业在国际化发展中可能会面临的问题和挑战，并提出相应的对策，以期对实施“走出去”发展战略的民营企业提供必要的决策依据。     

我国加工贸易发展变化新特征

我国加工贸易已进入一个崭新的发展阶段。其发展的外部条件正由新兴工业化国家和地区经济发展需要,转向跨国公司实现全球经营战略,高新技术产业快速发展的需要。新阶段,加工贸易的发展要有利于我国产品结构调整和产业升级,使我国在经济全球化中具有更强的国际竞争力。     

中国企业的国际化经营战略

近１０年来，当世界知名跨国公司大举进军我国，并大力实施本土化经营战略之时，以海尔、长虹等为代表的国内知名家电企业不甘示弱，逐渐形成了走向世界、争创全球品牌的战略意识，纷纷在观念、生产、营销、研发和资本等国际化方面迈出了实质性步伐。目前随着全球经济一体化和我国加入 ＷＴＯ成为现实，越来越多的中国本土品牌会更加注重国际化经营战略，参与世界竞争，与世界跨国公司一道分争国际市场。这是必然的趋势。就像海尔集团总裁张瑞敏所言：“要做到与狼共舞，必须首先变成狼。”让我们看看海尔等中国本土企业在海外市场上的表现…     

产业国际化的内涵与演进路径研究

改革开放以来,我国对外经济发展战略的不断升级对我国经济建设取得的成就具有巨大的推动作用。而"引进来"和"走出去"战略的形成和发展,以及与之相伴随的我国产业发展的国际化路径,就是我国对外经济发展战略不断升级过程的具体表现。因此,我国产业发展的国际化是我国对外经济发展战略在具体经济实践领域的反映,体现了我国"引进来"和"走出去"战略的具体实施效果。在新的国际经济形势下,产业国际化具有不可替代的作用。     

人民币的国际化战略研究

人民币国际化是随着中国经济政治发展所不可阻挡的大趋势,是一个量变引起质变的过程。在这个过程中,中国政府应当把握机遇,发挥优势,选择合适的模式和战略加快实现人民币国际化。文章以人民币的国际化战略发展为研究对象,以我国对外贸易发展为基础,结合人民币跨境贸易结算的特点,提出了利用对外贸易推进人民币国际化的路径选择模型。希望文章的研究能够为我国切实可行的稳步推行人民币国际化进程提供一些参考和借鉴。     

海尔的国际化战略——“钻石模型”的成功应用

本文首先介绍波特“钻石模型”的原理，说明一个企业要想获得成功所必须具备的要素。继而通过海尔在国际战略中采取的“人才是第一品牌”、“本土化”战略、产业集群效应、“三融一创”等战略思想，从而解释了海尔企业在国际竞争中为什么具有长久竞争力。海尔的国际化战略是“钻石模型”在国际竞争中的成功运用。     

我国企业国际化经营战略探讨

随着经济全球化步伐的加快和我国改革开放的深入,一个更加广阔的全球市场正在形成。中国企业正面临国内市场国际化、国际市场全球化的挑战。企业的一拳一动,特别是战略和策略层次上的行为,都将接受全球标准与规则的检验。而且,当今时代是战略制胜的时代,战略竞争已经成为不同企业之间最主要的竞争模式。因此,面对经济全球化的挑战,我国企业要想在新的形势下求得生存和发展,必须转变经营思想,树立全球经营战略观念,积极开展国际化经营。     

中国民营经济的三大历史性变化

进入21世纪,我国的民营经济获得了空前发展,取得了三大历史性变化:一是民营经济的地位和作用发生了历史性变化;二是民营企业的整体素质得到了根本性提高;三是民营经济的政策和制度改革取得了实质性突破。民营经济已经成为国民经济的基本组成部分,成为增加就业的主要渠道,成为国家税收的重要来源,成为对外贸易的生力军。     

THE IMPACT OF TRADE AND FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT POLICIES ON TECHNOLOGY ADOPTION AND SOURCING OF CHINESE FIRMS

How do trade and foreign direct investment (FDI) policies impact the decisions of firms in technology adoption (process vs. product innovations) and sourcing (internal vs. external and foreign vs. domestic)? We use a sample of Chinese firms to address this question. China's trade and FDI policies lead to different forms of internationalization: ordinary exports, processing exports, majority FDI, and minority FDI. We find that both exporting and FDI stimulate process innovation; ordinary exports, processing exports, and FDI have strong, weak, and no effects on stimulating product innovation, respectively. Exporting firms source technologies both internally through R&D and externally from foreign and domestic sources. FDI firms have a lower tendency of internal technology development and domestic technology sourcing, but a much higher tendency of foreign technology sourcing than exporting firms. (JEL F13, F23, O32)     

对外贸易差额结构 与中国新经济增长模式

本文通过考察中国对外贸易的差额结构来展望“十二五”纲要中提出的中国新经济增长模式的发展前景。统计分析表明,中国对外贸易顺差是伴随着高耗能、低附加值制造业的发展而实现的,中国外向型制造业的附加值很低,无法真正实现从根本上提升技术水平的目标。中国的产成品过于集中地出口到美国和欧盟,使中国产品在国际市场上面临着严重的贸易摩擦与争端,使中国对外贸易发展具有不可持续性。为完成“十二五”纲要中的发展目标,实现内外平衡的经济增长新模式,需要调整目前的贸易差额结构,既要努力实现国内制造业技术水平的提升,又要注意出口流向多元化,并且从根本上促进金融保险等服务业的发展;在依靠国内市场的同时不能放弃对外贸易,并力争做到二者的协同发展。     

中国经济内外不平衡问题分析

当前我国经济的内部不平衡主要体现在储蓄和投资的失衡以及投资和消费关系的不协调上。贸易顺差持续扩大是中国经济内外不平衡的突出特征。引起我国经济内外不平衡的原因是多方面的,通过宏观政策调整,可以将内外不平衡控制在一定的限度内,但短期内很难从根本上解决问题,内外不平衡将在一定时期内存在。因此,我们必须多管齐下,努力缓解我国经济内外不平衡问题。     

Growth opportunities and trade credit: evidence from Chinese listed firms

Private firms in China have led the explosive growth of the country’s economy, but with restricted or no access to formal financing. It is puzzling that these firms use relatively less trade credit than their counterparts in developed countries. We argue that firms with more growth opportunities should rely mainly on internal financing owing to high asymmetric information, especially in a financial market environment biased towards state-owned enterprises (SOEs) such as China. To explore growth opportunities, these firms may reduce their level of trade credit in the trade-off they face in deciding where to invest. Using panel data of Chinese non-financial listed firms for the period 2003–2013, we find that the relationship between growth opportunities and trade credit (both accounts receivable and payable) is significantly negative and is more pronounced in private firms than in SOEs. Furthermore, we also find that subsequent to the new receivable pledge policy being introduced, Chinese firms with more growth opportunities have higher accounts receivable, but similar levels of accounts payable.     

Trade,labour market rigidity,and aggregate productivity in OECD countries

As the economy becomes more open to trade, aggregate productivity can increase by driving out the least productive firms (the selection effect). Since the selection effect reallocates resources toward the more productive firms, this process can be hindered by rigidity in domestic labour market institutions. Based on the selection effect by Melitz (2003), this article empirically examines how rigidity in labour market institutions affects the consequence of trade on aggregate productivity. Findings from panel dynamic ordinary least square (DOLS) estimators suggest that a high degree of labour market rigidity in an open economy reduces Total Factor Productivity (TFP). In particular, in the case of extremely high labour market rigidity but low foreign R&D capital stocks, openness to trade can cause a country to experience decreasing TFP.     

Macroeconomic Interdependence with Trade and Multinational Activities

This paper examines how differences in the integration strategies followed by firms active in foreign markets affect the way productivity and policy shocks spread their effects worldwide. The analysis incorporates costly trade and local sales by multinational firms in a general-equilibrium open economy macroeconomic model. The mode of foreign market access is found to play a major role in the international business cycle, affecting the dimension of consumption and output spillovers worldwide. We show that despite financial markets being effectively complete, consumption risks may not be fully insured in the world economy as long as multinational firms discriminate prices across markets. Furthermore, cross-country differences in firms' integration strategies can account for extensive asymmetries in the way country-specific and global shocks are transmitted in the world economy. We argue that this may have relevant consequences for the welfare implications of monetary and trade policies.     

中国西部地区外向型经济发展的差距与对策研究

基于外向型经济战略在众多发展中国家和地区获得成功，贸易和投资自由化正为世界经济增长的发动机，本文分析了经济全球化背景下中国西部地区和对外贸易，引进外资及国际旅游创汇方面的差距与不足，提出了中国西部地区外向型经济发展的战略对策和建议，旨在推动中国西部大开发。     

对中国外贸依存度迅速提高的思考

中国外贸依存度的迅速提高是多种原因共同作用的结果,较高的外贸依存度对中国经济产生了正反两方面的影响。要及时把握新情况,建立适应经济发展需要的对外贸易战略,调整原有不合理的政策,确保国民经济的健康协调发展。     

PROFIT TAX AND FIRM MOBILITY IN A THREE‐COUNTRY MODEL

We construct a three‐country model that incorporates international relocation by imperfectly competitive firms and examine both the effects of each country's profit tax reduction on the consumption and welfare of all countries, and the incentive for the countries to decrease the profit tax. In such a model, both the terms of trade and international relocation of firms offer the key to understanding the impacts of one country's profit tax policy. In particular, we note that the relocation of firms from the other two countries is positively related to the wage incomes of the third country through a shift in labour demand, and the terms‐of‐trade improvement is not only positively related to the wage incomes, but also negatively related to profit incomes through a shift in world consumption demand. We show that (i) in a three‐country world economy, regardless of the reduction's source, the profit tax reduction of each country leads to relocation of firms away from foreign countries toward its own economy and deteriorates the terms of trade of its economy and (ii) this becomes a ‘beggar‐thy‐neighbour’ policy in the sense that it lowers the welfare of the other foreign countries.