创业投资企业的委托——代理博弈问题研究

委托-代理问题一直是现代企业制度下存在的一个博弈问题,我国创业投资企业尚处在起步阶段,同样在创业投资过程中的三方,投资者,创业投资公司和创业企业之间都存在着博弈关系。本文首先介绍了委托-代理问题,股权激励的概念,以及我国创业投资企业的发展现状。然后研究创业投资公司和创业企业的管理者之间的委托～代理关系,即研究创业投资公司如何建立激励机制来控制企业管理者与自身的投资利益一致,用定量研究的方法建立了创业投资领域委托-代理问题的博弈模型,在此基础上提出了最优股权激励模型。最后,对这种激励机制如何在企业中应用给出了建议。     

创业投资公司退出调查

从创业投资家的角度看,创业投资是很多年内流动性较差的长期投资,因为很多创业企业最初是不盈利的,因此从这些企业中退出是创业投资家实现投资回报的基本方式。退出有两个重要的功能:(1)它使创业投资家将对成功企业的增值服务转移给处于早期阶段的创业企业;(2)它使创业投资基金的投资者能够评价创业投资家的质量,并且能够将创业资本从不成功的创业投资家重新分配给成功的创业投资家。因此,退出对创业资本的运作至关重要。     

创业企业与创业投资机构的合作关系及其对合作绩效的影响

在创业投资中,创业企业与创业投资机构之间合作关系的好坏通常对创业企业的发展和创业投资的成败起着至关重要的作用。本文对创业企业与创业投资机构合作关系的研究文献进行了评述,指出该研究已出现了三个重要的变迁:一,从基于传统的委托代理理论、强调创业投资机构对创业企业的控制,转向基于多学科理论、重视双方的信任与合作;二,从单纯基于创业投资机构的视角,转向基于创业投资机构与创业企业两方面的视角;三,从研究影响双方关系的因素,转向重视探讨不同关系因素对合作绩效的影响。未来的研究方向应当更加重视从创业企业的视角、从创业投资(融资)的不同阶段中双方互动交往的特征来研究双方合作机制的形成和演变及其对创业企业绩效的影响。     

我国创业企业投资模式研究

我国创业企业投资主体包含创业投资企业、创业企业、中央政府、地方政府、大学和科研院所、金融机构、中介机构。可以采取中央政府——地方政府——创业投资企业——创业企业"、"地方政府——商业银行——大学、科研院所——创业投资企业——创业企业"、"中央政府——商业银行——证券、保险等机构——创业投资企业——创业企业"等投资模式。根据企业的不同发展阶段,采取不同类型的投资模式,以更好地引导各参与主体的加入和促进创业投资的良性发展。     

创业投资家与企业家的人力资本特性研究

创业投资企业作为一种知识型企业,与传统企业的最大不同在于,人力资本在资源配置中开始上升为主导地位。首先。创业投资家为创业投资企业配置知识资本与人力资本,这一点可以从理论与实证两方面进行解释。其次,创业不仅是创业企业家一种对机会的识别与新价值发现,而且是创业团队人员共同参与的创新行动,这个行动体现出了创业企业家特有的创业精神。第三,创业投资家与创业企业家之间的人力资本特性关系以及由此产生的治理机制是创业投资企业治理的关键,信任与合作是克服创业投资家和创业企业家之间代理风险的关键。本文主要从以上三方面详细分析了创业投资家与创业企业家的人力资本特性及其相互关系。     

技术创新影响下的创业企业最优组合规模

从双边道德风险的角度出发,考虑技术创新因素对项目的预期收益和成功概率以及创业投资机构和创业企业家的努力成本的影响,强调创业投资机构和创业企业是团队生产与代理关系的结合体,运用最优化理论得出技术创新影响下创业企业最优组合规模的计算式,认为技术创新对创业投资最优组合规模的影响依赖于项目的预期收益,而提高企业的技术创新程度有利于提高社会福利水平。     

论知识经济与创业

知识经济时代应是鼓励创业、支持创业和培育创业的时代。创业需要融资支持 ,所以必须建立健全创业投资体系 ,发展创业投资事业。针对我国资本市场的缺陷 ,发展创业投资事业 ,建立高技术企业股票交易系统是关键环节。     

集团企业相对绩效评价研究——基于FS集团企业的案例分析

相对绩效评价是基于委托代理理论提出的一种特殊的激励机制。文章以FS集团企业为例,分析FS集团企业绩效评价中遇到的问题,提出在FS集团企业绩效评价中使用相对绩效评价方法,并在其中引入行业评价标准值、建立企业历史评价标准值,构建集团企业相对绩效评价模型,为集团型企业绩效评价提供借鉴。     

农村微型企业创业影响因素的实证研究——基于宏观层次的视角

文章构建了基于宏观层面的农村微型企业创业影响因素的理论模型,具体包括四个要素:城乡居民收入比、城市化程度、工业化程度、政府对农村的财政支出比重。选取三个区域31个省市2000～2007年期间共8年的面板数据,经EVIEWS软件通过回归计算方法对这一理论模型进行了分析和验证。研究结果表明:城乡居民收入比和工业化程度对农村微型企业创业有显著反向影响;城市化程度、政府对农村的财政支出比重对农村微型企业创业有显著正向影响。     

创业企业与产业集群研究

一、问题提出。有关资料表明一个国家或地区的科技成果创新主要依赖于其创业企业(中小型高科技企业)的发展。由于创业企业不确定性大，尤其是信息不对称性比较严重，投资者很难直接评价其价值，也很难监督和控制其道德风险，加大了创业企业公司治理的难度，所以发展创业投资基金，依靠创业投资家在收集信息方面具有的规模和专业优势，可以成功地降低创业投资的信息不对称性。     

我国房地产税制的现状及改革构想

房地产税制是维护房地产市场公平竞争，实现国家对房地产业宏观调控的有力杠杆。然而，我国现行的房地产税制却存在税费不分、税制不统一、税制结构不合理等诸多问题。严重影响了其对房地产业应有的宏观调控作用。因此，适时地推进房地产税制的改革应是当务之急，应统一内外税制，合理界定税费的范围，建立统一、规范、合理的房地产税收体系。     

The Change in Productive Efficiency in Telecommunications in the United States

The question addressed here is whether the adoption of incentive regulation, which has become an important regulatory tool in the telecommunications industry in the USA, has resulted in a change in the technical efficiency of local exchange carriers in the USA. After providing an overview of the nature of incentive regulation, a methodology for measuring technical efficiency and its change is introduced. This is a multiple-output/multiple-input distance function approach to measuring technical efficiency. The results of implementing this approach for 19 local exchange carriers for the 1988-2001 period indicate that in the production of local service, intrastate toll/access service, and interstate access to local loops, there was no change in technical efficiency between the 1988-1990 period and the 1991- 2001 period, something that incentive regulation was specifically designed to promote.     

Age Discrimination in Employment in Canada

Issues pertaining to age discrimination in employment in Canada are analyzed with a view toward highlighting lessons that may be learned from the Canadian experience—an experience that is taking on increased policy importance. Reasons for the increased attention to age discrimination issues are outlined, followed by a portrayal of the age discrimination legislation and court interpretations in Canada, especially as they pertain to mandatory retirement. Enforcement aspects are discussed, as is the evidence on age discrimination in employment and the effectiveness of legislation with respect to age discrimination and mandatory retirement. The article concludes with a discussion of the lessons to be learned from the Canadian experience, especially with respect to the poorly understood but complicated relationship between age discrimination and mandatory retirement. Policy recommendations for strengthening age discrimination legislation are also outlined. (JEL J14 , J24 , J71 )     

Inequalities in Income Distribution in Slovenia

This article presents an empirical analysis of income distribution based on income tax data for Slovenia in 1991-2000. It presents evidence of rising inequalities in income distribution (gross income, gross wages and pensions). These results are supported by coefficients of variation, Gini coefficients and by the Lorenz curves. Inequalities increased rapidly in the 1991 to 1993 period. After a significant decrease in 1994 and a steady increase from 1995 to 2000, the peak value from 1993 was not surpassed. Atkinson's requirements for dominance comparisons are not violated. Inequalities are also present in the distribution of the benefits of economic growth among income groups.     

上海生态农业发展影响因素研究

文章分析了上海生态农业发展的影响因素,并利用计量模型进行检验,认为影响上海生态农业发展的主要因素有农业基础设施、农业劳动力资源、农业产业化水平、农业科技实力状况。     

The Change in Productive Efficiency in Telecommunications in the United States

The question addressed here is whether the adoption of incentive regulation, which has become an important regulatory tool in the telecommunications industry in the USA, has resulted in a change in the technical efficiency of local exchange carriers in the USA. After providing an overview of the nature of incentive regulation, a methodology for measuring technical efficiency and its change is introduced. This is a multiple-output/multiple-input distance function approach to measuring technical efficiency. The results of implementing this approach for 19 local exchange carriers for the 1988–2001 period indicate that in the production of local service, intrastate toll/access service, and interstate access to local loops, there was no change in technical efficiency between the 1988–1990 period and the 1991–2001 period, something that incentive regulation was specifically designed to promote.     

Payment Systems in Countries in Transition

MOCT-MOST: Economic Policy in Transitional Economies -     

Public participation in forestry in Turkey

Recently public participation in forestry has been seriously considered in Turkey. Participation is however quite a challenge for a country with a long tradition of top-down management and a strong bottom-up dependence on public provisioning. In such a setting, it may not be surprising that the experiences with public participation in forestry in Turkey are mixed. There are some positive initiatives like the creation of farmer's cooperatives and NGOs, but their role is quite limited and small of scale. This paper is bringing together different views based on existing studies in Turkish related to Turkey's experience with implementing public participation in forestry.