直接税比重、税务检查与税收遵从度

提高税收遵从度对降低税收征管成本、优化税制具有重要意义。相对于间接税制,在直接税制下,纳税人选择纳税遵从行为的收益较大;而税务检查比率越高,则纳税人的逃避税成本就越高。这些均有助于提高纳税人的纳税意愿。我国1997～2011年的31个省级面板数据的实证分析的结论显示,直接税比重、税务检查与纳税人的税收遵从度均存在正相关性。构建以直接税为主体税种的税制结构、强化税务机关的税务检查可以有效地提升纳税人的税收遵从度。     

浅析企业纳税遵从行为及其模型构建

纳税遵从作为一国税制和征管体制优劣的一个评价指标,已引起了税务当局以及学术界的广泛关注。在税收实践中,纳税人是否选择纳税遵从,涉及很多主客观因素。本文从纳税人的角度出发。运用预期效用最大化理论,分析纳税人在做纳税决策时所考虑的成本因素,建立企业纳税遵从行为的模型,分析纳税人的纳税遵从行为,并给出相关的政策性建议。     

财政透明、公共服务供给与企业纳税遵从

财税体制的科学构建与地方政府的有效治理是促进公民纳税遵从行为的重要因素。本文试图从理论与实证两个维度深入探究财政透明与公共服务供给对纳税遵从的作用机制与影响效应，通过构建面板联立方程模型与采取3SLS方法进行实证检验，研究发现：财政透明能够直接提升纳税遵从，但却通过抑制地方政府公共服务供给间接降低纳税遵从。具体的影响效应测算结果显示，财政透明对纳税遵从的正向直接效应超过负向间接效应，即总效应表现为促进作用。进一步研究发现，财政透明对纳税遵从的影响存在企业异质性，国有企业样本中仅财政透明对纳税遵从的正向直接作用机制成立，而非国有企业样本中仅财政透明通过公共服务供给对纳税遵从的负向间接作用机制成立。最后，通过改变纳税遵从度的衡量方式以及考虑政策时滞效应进行稳健性检验，本文的以上研究结论仍然成立。本文研究不仅为推动预算透明改革提供微观证据支持，还为如何通过完善财税体制提升纳税遵从提供政策参考。     

基于行为经济学视角的税收遵从问题研究

行为经济学以科学的方法研究非理性行为的行为模型取代了基于严格理性的简化模型,在解释异常现象和进行预测等方面更加具有可操作性。行为经济学的基本观点可以归纳为损失规避效应、确定性效应、心理账户效应、框架效应和羊群效应。本文以此分别对影响税收遵从的因素进行分析,并提出提高税收遵从度的建议,在税制制定中更多注重公平原则;税制要素的设计应达到"隐性增长"的目标;税收管理手段应更多采取预缴和源泉扣缴的方式;提高纳税服务水平,减少遵从成本;提高财政支出效益,充分发挥公民在公共产品供给决策中的作用。     

个人所得税预缴税款制度对纳税遵从的影响研究——基于前景理论的心理效应分析

本文基于行为经济学的前景理论,由微观视角分析个人所得税预缴税款制度对纳税遵从的影响.选取预缴规模、税率、针对纳税非遵从的处罚、纳税稽查概率、稽查成功率作为主要内生变量,构建“有限理性”的纳税人总价值函数模型,讨论上述变量的心理效应与纳税决策的关系.分析表明:我国应构建针对个人全部所得的全面预缴税款制度,并以个人预缴规模为核心,使其适度高于应纳税额;注重以“退税收益”的确定性效应带动纳税遵从,同时配合提升针对非遵从的处罚;降低边际税率;利用“启发式偏差”及“分离效应”,通过强化纳税稽查及总体征管水平使纳税人提高逃税风险认知,从而提升纳税遵从度.     

税收遵从视角下的纳税服务优化路径

文章在分析税收遵从理论的基础上,探讨了优化纳税服务的有效路径,通过引导纳税遵从,提高纳税人的税收遵从度,营造一个依法诚信纳税的良好环境。     

以纳税人为中心的公平治税观

在完善市场经济体制、构建公共财政体制框架的新形势下,我们对公平纳税问题也有了新的理解和诠释。从交换说理论和受益原则角度看,公平纳税就是要保证纳税人所享受的政府提供的公共服务或产品,在数量及质量上应与其所缴纳的税金保持等值或相当,即要求纳税人的纳税收益率相等,从而实现我们追求的公平纳税和社会公平的目标。     

纳税遵从行为的经济学分析

纳税遵从是税收征管的一个基本评价指标,理性的经济人会权衡遵从的成本和收益并作出理性的选择。本文分析了影响纳税人行为选择若干因素,提出要优化财政税收体制,完善纳税信用等级评估制度,培植出一种新型的税务遵从文化来提高人们的纳税遵从概率。     

西方国家“税收遵从”的经验及借鉴

税收遵从也称纳税人遵从,是指对纳税人依法照章纳税状况的评述,其理想状态是：纳税人按要求进行税务登记,及时进行纳税申报并按要求报告相关的涉税信息,及时、足额缴纳或代扣代缴税款。西方各国已经把纳税遵从作为税收征管工作的重心,它们通过加强对遵从纳税人的帮助和加大对不遵从纳税人的查处等手段来确保纳税人能够履行税法所规定的纳税义务。     

我国个人所得税自行申报决策行为分析

本文先分析影响纳税人个人所得税申报行为的各个因素。再以国外分析逃税行为的经典理论（Allingham—Sandmo—Yatzhaki模型）为基础，将逃税心理成本、社会影响成本、税制与税收支出公平程度以及纳税经济成本也一并纳入模型，建立预期效用最大化模型，使偷逃税影响因素的理论分析得到了较全面和系统的阐述。通过数学分析，列出纳税人的决策条件，并且分析模型中的各个变量与纳税人中报决策之间的关系。基于模型结论，探讨提出完善我国个人所得税税制、改进个人收入自行申报管理、减少偷逃税的可行建议。     

企业所得税征管:问题与对策

我国企业所得税征管环节存在不少亟待解决的问题,如税源监控不到位,服务意识待提高；汇算清缴制度不规范；纳税评估流于形式等.因此,应对纳税人科学分类,加强日常监控；核实税基；优化服务以降低纳税成本；规范企业所得税征管环节的各项管理；强化纳税评估,提高信息化程度,为企业营造出公平的纳税环境.     

Can government improve tax compliance by adopting advanced information technology? Evidence from the Golden Tax Project III in China

This paper explores the tax compliance effects of adopting advanced information technology by tax bureau. Although many governments adopt advanced information technology in tax collection, little is known about the effect on tax compliance. Using difference-in-differences method, we exploit a staggered reform in which tax authorities adopt a comprehensive information reporting system in China, the Golden Tax Project III. Employing listed firm level data from 2010 to 2017, using book-tax difference and its remaining component which cannot be explained by earnings management as proxy measures of tax sheltering, we find that the adoption of GTP III decreases tax sheltering levels by a 1.88 percentage point. The effect is stronger for companies with higher tax rate. By exploring channels, our results suggest that the effect works by enhancing third-party reporting and by improving tax enforcement capacity in provinces that lack tax inspectors.     

Tax progressivity, income distribution and tax non-compliance

This article examines the determinants of tax non-compliance when we recognise the existence of an imperfectly competitive “tax advice” industry supplying schemes which help taxpayers reduce their tax liability. We apply a traditional industrial organisation framework to model the behaviour of this industry. This tells us that an important factor determining the equilibrium price and hence, the level of non-compliance, is the convexity of the demand schedule. We show that in this context, this convexity is affected by the distribution of pre-tax income, the progressivity of the tax-schedule and the way in which monitoring and penalties vary with income. It is shown that lower pre-tax income inequality as well as a less progressive tax code may cause more tax minimisation activities. Therefore, the frequently advocated policy of reducing the highest tax rate may fail as a policy directed at improving tax discipline. One way of offsetting the possible harm to tax compliance from a less progressive tax could be an adjustment of the penalty and monitoring functions.     

Tax structure and government expenditures with tax equity concerns

We augment a standard tax model by concerns about tax equity: people get upset when labour is taxed more heavily than capital. Even the slightest concern for tax equity invalidates the common tenet that capital remains tax-exempt in small open economies. This holds for exogenous as well as for endogenous government expenditures and irrespective of whether concerns with tax equity only cause emotional discomfort or also impact on work incentives. If concerns with tax equity get more intense, the economy may choose higher taxes on labour and move to the downward sloped part of its Laffer curve. For endogenous government spending, stronger concerns with tax equity may lead to a larger size of the public sector.     

新会计准则和新所得税法对上市公司实际税负影响的分析

会计准则在资产的确认和计量方面变化很大,特别是公允价值的广泛使用,会影响会计利润和应纳税所得额,进而影响上市公司所得税税负。新企业所得税法与原内外有别的企业所得税法相比,不仅税率和税收优惠政策方面有变化,而且在费用扣除方面变化也很大,实施新企业所得税法会影响上市公司所得税实际税负。本文采用统计分析方法,分析实施新会计准则和新企业所得税法对上市公司所得税税负的影响。     

Tax evasion and tax morale: A social network analysis

We study the effects of tax morale and social norms on tax evasion when individuals interact in a network. We present a model that incorporates incentives for tax compliance in the form of punishment and fines, tax morale, and reputation for social behaviour. We assume that individuals adjust their tax morale by observing the neighbours' tax morale. We simulate the model for different values of the parameters and show that the steady-state share of taxpayers as opposed to tax-evaders is affected by the probability of finding like-minded peers in the reference group (network integration), the weight that individuals attribute to reputation, and the share of individuals who update their tax morale. Last, we consider the possibility of a fiscal authority using the knowledge of the network structure and targeting ‘central’ individuals. We show that by positively affecting the tax morale of individuals whose influence within the network is high, a fiscal authority can increase tax compliance.     

从税收公平角度看我国个人所得税制的全面性改革

公平原则是各国税制建立的基本出发点和基本原则。公平的个人所得税制将可以充分发挥其调节收入公平分配的独特功能。然而,由于在税制模式、税率结构、费用扣除和税收征管等方面的缺陷,导致我国现行个人所得税制的公平缺失非常严重。因此,必须对个人所得税制进行全面性改革,即通过转变税制模式、科学设计税率结构、合理规定费用扣除标准和完善税收征管等方面的改革,提高其公平性,以有效发挥其调节功能,实现社会公平目标。     

基于税制优化的结构性减税政策研究

结构性减税是本轮积极财政政策的重头戏,自2008年底以来,结构性减税政策在保增长、调结构与扩内需的反周期操作中一度扮演积极的角色。我国结构性减税政策的操作遵循宏观调控与税制优化两种不同的范式,宏观调控范式侧重总量均衡的短期相机抉择,税制优化范式注重结构调整的长期制度安排。后金融危机时代,基于宏观调控的结构性减税将日趋淡出,基于税制优化的结构性减税应坚持结构性减税与税制优化相结合,结构性减税与结构性增税相结合,结构性减税与配套改革相结合。     

Tax Morale and the Taming of Leviathan

An explanation for tax morale based upon a simple model of psychological costs that depend on the perceived legitimacy of public policies is introduced. It is shown that empirically observed low levels of tax evasion can be explained even for a risk-neutral taxpayer with such a model. In a discussion of aggregate tax revenue, it is argued that tax revenue as a function of tax rates may differ fundamentally from the notorious Laffer curve. It is then necessary to look at the interaction of formal and informal institutions to predict the nominal tax rates chosen by a revenue maximizer.      

Tax morale affects tax compliance: Evidence from surveys and an artefactual field experiment

Our working hypothesis is that cross-cultural differences in tax compliance behavior have foundations in the institutions of tax administration and citizen assessment of the quality of governance. Tax compliance being a complex behavioral issue, its investigation requires use of a variety of methods and data sources. Results from artefactual field experiments conducted in countries with substantially different political histories and records of governance quality demonstrate that observed differences in tax compliance levels persist over alternative levels of enforcement. The experimental results are shown to be robust by replicating them for the same countries using survey response measures of tax compliance.