52例炎琥宁注射液治疗小儿轮状病毒腹泻效果研究

目的对炎琥宁注射液治疗小儿轮状病毒腹泻的临床效果进行研究和分析。方法资料选取2011年6月至2012年6月在我院诊疗的小儿轮状病毒腹泻患儿104例,将其分为两组,对照组给予常规治疗,研究组在对照组常规治疗的基础上加用炎琥宁注射液进行治疗,并对其临床治疗的疗效进行研究和分析。结果研究组和对照组体温、大便性状、大便次数以及呕吐情况等比较,研究组恢复的时间均比对照组恢复所需的时间短;两组临床疗效对照情况中,研究组总有效率为92.31%,对照组总有效率为84.61%,研究组治疗总有效率明显高于对照治疗总有效率;且研究组与对照组治疗后血清CRP、IL-6及心肌酶水平均低于对照组患儿,两组比较有差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论采用炎琥宁注射液治疗小儿轮状病毒腹泻,其治疗的疗效甚好,能够改善患儿腹泻、呕吐以及发热等症状,帮助患儿恢复正常的生理功能,具有临床使用的价值。     

单磷酸阿糖腺苷治疗轮状病毒肠炎疗效观察

目的观察单磷酸阿糖腺苷治疗轮状病毒肠炎患儿的临床效果。方法选取我院2009年10月至2011年12月期间收治的70例轮状病毒肠炎患儿，并按入院单双号随机分为和观察组，每组35例，对照组口服思密达和常规补液治疗，对照组在此基础上加静脉点滴单磷酸阿糖腺苷，比较两组患儿的疗效。结果观察组的总有效率为97.14%，显著高于对照组的74.29%，（P＜0.05）。结论单磷酸阿糖腺苷与基础疗法结合治疗小儿轮状病毒肠炎，具有显著的协同作用，可显著提高治疗效果，值得推广。     

葡萄糖酸锌佐治小儿急性腹泻疗效分析

目的探讨常规治疗小儿急性腹泻时佐以葡萄糖酸锌的临床效果.方法将东兰县人民医院2010年2月~2012年2月收治的小儿急性腹泻患者89例随机分为观察组45例和对照组44例,对照组施以常规治疗方法,包括补充水电解质、纠正酸碱平衡紊乱、蒙脱石散口服等,观察组在其基础之上加用葡萄糖酸锌口服液,比较两组患儿的临床症状恢复情况.结果观察组总有效率97.8%明显高于对照组88.6%,两组比较有显著性差异（P〈0.05）;观察组患儿的止泻、止吐、退热、脱水纠正、住院时间均短于对照组,两组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）.结论治疗小儿急性腹泻在常规治疗基础上加用葡萄糖酸锌口服液可有效改善临床症状,减轻病情,缩短腹泻病程,疗效满意,值得推广应用.     

葡萄糖酸锌治疗小儿轮状病毒腹泻的有效性及安全性

目的 探讨在治疗小儿轮状病毒腹泻过程中使用葡萄糖酸锌的效果,以供临床工作参考.方法 将我院2011 年2 月~2011 年10 月收治的82 例轮状病毒腹泻患儿随机分为两组,对照组给予常规临床治疗措施,实验组给予葡萄糖酸锌辅助常规治疗.结果 经统计学分析,实验组患儿的治疗效果优于对照组患儿,P＜0.05;实验组患儿症状持续时间低于对照组患儿,P＜0.05.结论 采用葡萄糖酸锌治疗小儿轮状病毒腹泻具有较好的临床效果,且无不良反应,是一种安全有效的治疗药物.     

护理干预在小儿高热惊厥治疗中的效果

目的：探讨护理干预在小儿高热惊厥中的应用效果。方法将56例高热惊厥患儿随机分为观察组和对照组,观察组患儿采用综合护理干预,对照组患儿给予常规护理,对两组患儿的护理效果进行观察。结果观察组患儿家属满意度达到92.8%,平均治疗时间为（8.7±2.4）d,患儿平均抽搐时间为（4.1±1.1）min;对照组患儿家属满意度为71.4%,平均治疗时间为（12.6±2.7）d,患儿平均抽搐时间为（7.4±1.3）min,两组比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论对小儿高热惊厥进行有效的综合护理干预,可减少患儿并发症的发生,有效缩短患儿的治疗和抽搐时间,且患儿家属护理满意度较高。     

蒙脱石散剂治疗小儿腹泻的临床疗效

目的探讨蒙脱石散剂治疗小儿腹泻的临床疗效。方法选取住院治疗的腹泻患儿86例,随机均分为对照组与观察组,各43例。对照组患儿给予抗病毒、抗炎治疗、液体疗法及对症治疗等常规治疗;观察组患儿在常规治疗的基础上给予口服蒙脱石散剂治疗。比较两组患儿的临床疗效及胃肠道不良反应发生情况。结果治疗72 h后,观察组患儿的治疗总有效率为95.3%,1例(2.3%)发生胃肠道不良反应;对照组患儿的治疗总有效率为81.4%,7例(16.3%)发生胃肠道不良反应;观察组明显优于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。结论给予患儿口服蒙脱石散剂治疗儿科腹泻可加强常规治疗的临床治疗效果,同时减少胃肠道不良反应的发生。     

308例新生儿呼吸窘迫综合症临床治疗及分析

目的分析肺表面活性物质治疗新生儿呼吸窘迫综合症临床疗效。方法回顾分析2005年1月至2011年6月我院新生儿科收治的NRDS患儿308例,治疗组154例（基础治疗加用肺表面活性物质）,对照组154例（基础治疗）。结果两组患儿临床疗效比较,治疗组治疗效果明显优于对照组。治疗组呼吸困难缓解时间（5.6±2.2）d较对照组（9.3±3.6）d 短（P＜0.01）;治疗组发绀缓解时间（12.5±3.6）d 较对照组（18.4±4.1）d 短（P＜0.05）;治疗组胸片恢复时间（1.3±0.5）d较对照组（3.0±1.2）d短（P＜0.01）;治疗组住院时间（21±16）d较对照组（28±18）d短（P＜0.05）。结论治疗组能够明显提高NRDS患儿治愈率,降低死亡率,减短患儿临床症状缓解时间及住院时间。     

儿童轮状病毒肠炎肠黏膜通透性与血清中AGEs相关性研究

目的探讨儿童血清中晚期糖基化终末产物水平与轮状病毒肠炎肠黏膜损伤严重程度相关性。方法选取因腹泻在我院住院的患儿72例,其中其中RV-Ag阳性者40例作为轮状病毒感染组,RV-Ag阴性者32例作为非轮状病毒感染组,身体健康的幼儿40例作为对照组,观察三组患者血清中内毒素、二胺氧化酶及AGEs水平变化及轮状病毒感染患儿血清DAO水平与AGEs水平的相关性。结果①三组患者血清ETX、DAO及AGEs水平对比;两组血清中ETX、DAO及AGEs水平明显高于对照组(P<0.05);轮状病毒感染组血清中ETX、DAO及AGEs水平明显高于非轮状病毒感染组(P<0.05)。②轮状病毒感染患儿血清DAO水平与AGEs水平相关性:患儿血清DAO水平与AGEs水平成正相关(r=0.67,P<0.05);血清ETX水平与AGEs水平成正相关(r=0.55,P<0.05)。结论血清ETX及DAO水平可作为轮状病毒感染肠黏膜损伤检测指标。AGEs参与了轮状病毒肠炎的发生与发展,其在轮状病毒肠炎发病过程中发挥了一定的作用。     

小儿腹泻贴与蒙脱石散治疗小儿急性腹泻的临床疗效

目的探讨小儿腹泻贴与蒙脱石散治疗小儿急性腹泻的临床疗效。方法收集2013年1月至12月我院收治的60例急性腹泻患儿资料,随机分为对照组和观察组,各30例。对照组患儿给予蒙脱石散治疗,观察组患儿给予小儿腹泻贴治疗,两组患儿同时根据脱水情况口服补液盐。比较两组患儿疗效和临床症状。结果治疗2 d后,观察组患儿总有效率为90.0%,明显高于对照组的76.7%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗4 d后,观察组患儿总有效率为96.7%,对照组患儿总有效率为93.3%,且两组患儿的水样便、蛋花样便明显减少,腹痛、腹胀明显好转,两组比较差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。结论小儿腹泻贴和蒙脱石散治疗小儿急性腹泻效果均明显,且减轻患儿痛苦。     

喜炎平注射液联合炎琥宁注射液治疗110例小儿急性支气管炎的临床疗效

目的探讨喜炎平注射液联合炎琥宁注射液应用于小儿急性支气管炎治疗中的临床价值。方法选取2011年11月至2013年10月在我院接受治疗的急性支气管炎患儿110例,随机将其分成对照组与和观察组各55例,对照组患儿接受常规治疗,观察组患儿同时接受喜炎平注射液联合炎琥宁注射液静脉滴注治疗,观察两组患儿症状消失时间、肺部啰音消失时间以及住院时间,并对比治疗效果。结果观察组患儿在症状消失时间、肺部啰音消失时间以及住院时间方面明显短于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;观察组患儿总有效率为90.9%,对照组患儿总有效率为74.5%,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;治疗期间两组部分患儿出现腹泻、皮疹等不良反应,经对症治疗后不良反应消失,差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论在常规治疗的基础上联合喜炎平注射液与炎琥宁注射液治疗小儿急性支气管炎效果明显,能够改善患儿症状、促进预后,且安全可靠。     

Burden of rotavirus gastroenteritis and potential benefits of a pentavalent rotavirus vaccination in Belgium

Abstract

Objective and Methods: A decision analytic model was built to assess the paediatric rotavirus gastroenteritis (RVGE) burden and potential benefits associated with the introduction of RotaTeq^®? (pentavalent rotavirus vaccine) in Belgium.

Results: In the absence of a rotavirus (RV) immunisation programme, paediatric RVGE was estimated to account for about 5,860 hospitalisations, 1,720 cases of nosocomial infections, 9,410 cases treated by general practitioners/paediatricians (GP/P) and 10,790 cases not seeking medical care for a birth cohort followed up to 5 years of age. Paediatric RVGE was estimated to cost about €9.0 million from the Belgian healthcare provider perspective and €15.3 million to society. Given a 90% RV vaccination coverage rate, the pentavalent RV vaccine would have a high impact on RV burden by preventing more than 4,850 hospitalisations, 995 cases of nosocomial infections, 7,145 cases treated by GP/P and 8,190 cases not seeking medical care, and reduce RVGE costs by €7.1 million from the Belgian healthcare provider perspective and €12.0 million to society.     

我国房地产税制的现状及改革构想

房地产税制是维护房地产市场公平竞争，实现国家对房地产业宏观调控的有力杠杆。然而，我国现行的房地产税制却存在税费不分、税制不统一、税制结构不合理等诸多问题。严重影响了其对房地产业应有的宏观调控作用。因此，适时地推进房地产税制的改革应是当务之急，应统一内外税制，合理界定税费的范围，建立统一、规范、合理的房地产税收体系。     

Public participation in forestry in Turkey

Recently public participation in forestry has been seriously considered in Turkey. Participation is however quite a challenge for a country with a long tradition of top-down management and a strong bottom-up dependence on public provisioning. In such a setting, it may not be surprising that the experiences with public participation in forestry in Turkey are mixed. There are some positive initiatives like the creation of farmer's cooperatives and NGOs, but their role is quite limited and small of scale. This paper is bringing together different views based on existing studies in Turkish related to Turkey's experience with implementing public participation in forestry.     

上海生态农业发展影响因素研究

文章分析了上海生态农业发展的影响因素,并利用计量模型进行检验,认为影响上海生态农业发展的主要因素有农业基础设施、农业劳动力资源、农业产业化水平、农业科技实力状况。     

Is wealth found in the soil or in the brain? Investing in farm people in Malawi

Should a typical developing country invest more in agriculture or education? At what stage of development is it optimal to invest more in each of these sectors? These are important questions that governments of developing countries grapple with when designing investment plans. In this paper, I propose a soil–human capital conceptual framework of development and use it to explain estimates of agricultural returns to schooling in Malawi. I use panel survey data for Malawi and rely on the exogenous education policy changes and spatial variation in access to schooling to identify effects of schooling on agricultural incomes. In addition, I correct for selection into income activities within a panel data and instrumental variables estimation framework. I find annual agricultural returns to schooling in Malawi of 3%–4% after correcting for selection and unobserved heterogeneity and 7% in the uncorrected specifications. I also find consistently higher returns to schooling in the nonagricultural sector for those not living in the village of birth and higher returns in the agricultural sector for those living in the village of birth. Given the size of the farm sector, wealth in Malawi is still in the soil, but that future growth in wealth depends on human capital investments.     

西部地区人力资本投资与知识化发展

人力资本投资在推动知识化发展的过程中存在自增强机制，通过促进人力资本保值增值，进行人力资源合理配置，改善配置环境和配置政策、完善配套措施，有助于充分发挥这一机制的功能，从而实现西部地区知识化发展。     

Inter-enterprise arrears in economies in transition

In the context of economies in transition, the paper argues that an excessive liquidity squeeze could throw the economy into a persistent state of low economic activity. In such bad equilibrium, enterprise transactions become largely demonetized, with a chain of arrears, a form of involuntary credit, spreading over the entire system. The empirical analysis of the Romanian experience seems to support the view advanced in the paper.     

2010年黑龙江省宏观经济展望

受世界金融危机的影响,从2008年下半年起黑龙江省经济持续走低,2009年一季度跌入谷底。2009年前三季度,在国家扩大内需的政策刺激下,黑龙江省经济企稳回升,但经济运行中还存在出口下滑、物价水平较低等问题,经济下行的压力仍然存在,经济持续回升的基础尚待巩固。展望2010年,国家将继续实施积极的财政政策和适度宽松的货币政策,随着政策效应的逐步释放,内需对经济的拉动作用仍将十分强劲,另外,随着世界经济的复苏,黑龙江省外贸形势也将逐渐好转,在＂投资、消费、出口＂这三驾马车的共同作用下,2010年黑龙江省经济将步入全面复苏通道。     

Agricultural Roots in Intergenerational Transfers in China

Economists have been interested in the motivations of intergenerational transfers, for different motivations affect the effectiveness of anti-poverty public transfers. However, one’s motivation is largely shaped by culture and social conventions. This paper sheds light on the influence of rice cultivation in intergenerational transfers in China. This is also the first time that economists consider cultural factors in the study of intergenerational transfers. Cultivating rice requires elaborate irrigation systems and large amounts of labor input so that rice farmers have to cooperate extensively with their neighbors, which has gradually shaped people’s value to be more inter-dependent. Based on micro-level data from CHARLS and sub-national rice data from China, our empirical results show strong evidence that individuals from rice regions are more likely to provide economic support for their parents. A one-percentage point increase in the share of rice in the total grain planting area will raise transfer incidence by 0.2–0.4 percentage points, and rice region residents transfer on average 300–400 yuan more in 2011 and about 1,000 yuan more in 2013 to their parents than those from wheat regions. Meanwhile they are more inclined to rely on their adult children for elderly support. Urban citizens are less affected. Using instrumental variable estimation, we are able to prove the effect is causal. With future continued deepening of population aging in China, relying on children for old age support may become more and more unrealistic, the government needs to coordinate the relationship between public transfer and private transfer to ensure the quality of life for the elderly.