吉林省粮食生产可持续发展的战略对策

吉林省是我国重要的商品粮基地,粮食生产是吉林省农业的主体,而农业又是吉林省经济的基础。因此稳定发展粮食生产,实现可持续发展战略,是振兴吉林省经济的重要措施。本文将从吉林省粮食生产的历史和现状出发,论述吉林省粮食生产实现可持续发展的战略对策。     

绿色食品与农业的可持续发展初探

绿色食品是我国现代农业的重要组成部分和发展方向。开发绿色食品是实现我国农业可持续发展的重要途径。通过生产绿色食品，保护自然资源和生态环境，以开发无污染食品为主，改革传统食物生产方式和管理手段，实现农业和食品工业可持续发展；通过开发绿色食品，增强农产品质量安全，促成环境、资源、经济、社会发展的良性循环；通过生产和消费绿色食品，树立和落实科学发展观，增进人们的生活水平，促进人类、经济与自然的良性循环发展。本文从发展绿色食品产业保护农业自然资源和生态环境角度来探讨农业可持续发展，全面地阐述绿色食品是农业可持续发展的重要举措，对推动农业可持续发展起着重要的作用。同时，从落实科学发展观的角度出发，论述加快绿色食品开发与推动农业可持续发展，达到实现人类、经济与自然和谐的目的。从而协调统一经济、社会和生态三效益，最终实现农业的可持续发展。     

试论农业生态经济区划

农业生产具有明显的地域性。不同地区,有着不同的自然生态条件,从而形成了不同的农业生产部门结构和生产力布局;又由于各地区的社会经济条件的差异,人类在不同的社会和历史条件下,利用和改造自然条件的方式也存在着明显的地区差异,因此就有着不同的农业经济发展水平。社会主义的农业生产,不仅要求农业各个生产部门之间,在经济上保持客观上所要求的比例关系,而且还要根据生态经济规律,要求农业生产在各个地区的布局上做到有计划的合理安排,以达到生态经济的综合平衡。一、生态经济区划的原则区划是区域划分的简称。农业生态经济区划就是以区域总体农业生态经济系统为研究对象,从区域的总体功能出发,根据其自然资源结构,技术结构与农业生产结构状况,即按照     

区域农业可持续发展的生态安全及其评价探析

资源、生态环境问题是区域农业可持续发展的核心和基础。本文首次提出农业可持续发展的生态安全的概念、特点;并以浙江省嘉兴市为例,讨论了区域农业可持续发展的生态安全评价的基本过程和方法;提出了包括资源生态环境压力、质量和保护整治能力三方面指标在内的评价指标体系,不安全标准值的确定和不安全指数的计算方法,提出了区域农业可持续发展的生态安全建设的途径和对策。     

论生态农业与国家生态安全

随着世界经济的发展，人们越来越认识到生态安全的重要性，强调农业生产的可持续发展必须建立在维持生态平衡的基础之上。国家生态安全同国家政治安全、国防安全、经济安全、军事安全同等重要，是国家安全不容忽视的一个重要的安全要素。实施生态农业战略是确保国家生态安全的重要举措之一，必须处理好二者之间的关系，在确保国家生态安全的前提下进行生态农业的建设，才是农业发展的必由之路。     

增加农业投入是实现农业可持续发展的基础

吉林省是农业大省,是全国著名的商品粮基地,粮食商品率、粮食人均占有量、粮食调出量等多项指标,连续10年居全国第一。粮食生产是吉林省农业的主体,而农业生产又是吉林省经济的基础。因此,大力发展农业生产,实现可持续发展战略,对吉林省经济发展是非常重要的。要实现农业可持续发展,就必须加大农业投入,特别是加大农业基本建设的投入,这是农业可持续发展的基础。本文试图通过对几组统计数字的分析,说明农业投入不足对农业生产发展所造成的严重影响;同时,也对如何增加农业投入做必要的阐述。一、农业投入不足导致农业生产的物质技术基础的薄弱建国40多年来,为抵御自然灾害对农业     

西部的农业模式

农业作为西部地区活动最早的初级经济门类，是对西部生态安全影响和依赖性最大的第一产业,又是西部国民经济的基础。西部40多个民族的人口都有赖于农业可持续发展产生的“关联效应”。就西部国情而言，人口、资源、经济、社会以及生态安全等问题主要在农村，农业生态可持续发展是总体可持续发展战略的主体，是解决西部生态安全预警机制构建的根本。无论是从保障民族人口消费品供给这一生活现实看，还是从农业生产的剩余是社会其他分工的起点这一经济学原理看，从农业开始树立生态安全意识，就探寻到了21世纪关于西部人口脱离贫困、走向现代…     

三峡库区生态经济区生态环境建设与农业可持续发展的对策

三峡库区经济生态区位于三峡库区和武陵山区及大巴山区，属于我国集中连片的贫困山区和农业大区之一。由于该区域生态环境直接影响三峡库区和长江上游经济发展．因此，如何保护生态环境，促进农业可持续发展．具有重大的现实意义。文章针对三峡生态经济区的现实状况，提出了加快三峡生态经济区生态环境建设，促进农业可持续发展的主要对策。     

油田农业生态经济系统的特点及发展途径

一、油田农业生态经济系统的一般特性油田农业生态经济系统实质上是属于农业生态经济系统在油田区域内的一种特殊型式。是油田勘探开发和生产建设的特定区域内原有的农业生态经济系统逐步驯化而形成的.并与油田工业生态经济系统紧密联系的,由油田农业生态系统、农业经济系统通过技术因素和技术手段联络而耦合形成的复合系统。因此,这一系统具备所有生态经济系统的一般特性,只不过表现方式不同而已。 (一)生态与经济的统一性。油田区域的农业生产过程同样是自然再生产与经济再生产相互交织的过程。在目前初级生产力水平的条件下.生态资源与经济发展处于矛盾的统一体中。当油田区域农业生态环境有利于经济发展时.其生态系统的能量流动、物质循环、信息交流处于高效状态.将会促进经济系统的资金     

实施八大工程推进吉林省生态农业建设

生态农业是生态经济的重要组成部分。1999年,吉林省被国家确定为生态建设试点省,这是吉林省的自身需要也是必然选择。农业是对自然资源、环境的影响和依赖最大的经济部门。农业作为与资源、环境关系最为密切的产业,其可持续发展研究更是得到国际社会的普遍关注。《中国21世纪议程》指出:“农业和农村可持续发展是中国可持续发展的优先领域和根本保证。”农业可持续发展问题的实质是经济、     

China's patterns of international technological collaboration 1976–2010: a patent analysis study

This study focuses on the trajectories and patterns of China's international collaborations over the period 1976–2010, using patent statistics and association analysis methods. The results identify those government policies that have significantly encouraged changes in the scale and scope of China's collaborations since 1997. The USA and Taiwan are major international collaborators with China, and the top cooperative entities are large-scale multi-national firms, which specialise in production, sales research and development of information or electronics technology; in contrast, universities and research institutions have a negligible presence in international collaborative patenting. This study finds that although China has developed significant international collaborative networks since the 1990s, it still needs to extend these ties to an even greater range of international partners and establish a broader scope of research interests.     

A systematic approach for integrated trend analysis—The case of etching

Understanding technology development trends is of critical importance to countries, industries and enterprises to be sustainable in global competition. Attempts have been made to establish trend analysis by bibliometric and patent analyses. Also text-mining uncovers hidden and important information from structured or unstructured documents which serve as knowledge carriers. This study aims to provide a systematic approach for integrated trend analysis that takes into account bibliometric analysis, patent analysis and text-mining analysis. Etching is selected as the case study for integrating trend analysis method proposed in this study. Also, validity and applicability of the integrated analysis are evaluated.     

新疆信息化水平测度及对GDP的影响分析

近几年许多省份开始主动把信息产业作为支柱产业，加大信息基础设施建设投入，提高信息化水平。信息化水平究竟能在在多大程度上促进GDP的发展？本文立足新疆这一西部省份，利用主成分分析和因子分析，在对新疆信息化水平测度的基础上，分析了信息化指数对新疆GDP的影响。     

Applying input-output analysis to scenario analysis of ecological footprints

Application of input-output analysis to ecological footprints (EFs) is shifting from an ex-post static calculation toward an ex-ante scenario analysis for enhancing the policy relevance of EF analysis. This change in application prompts two issues requiring careful examination: (1) what is measured by Leontief inverses or extended environmental Leontief inverses, and (2) whether a sector's land multiplier (or compositions of land multiplier) can appropriately reflect the effect of delivering one unit of the sector's output to final demand on the required area(s) of production lands used by the sector itself and by other producing sectors whose products are contributed directly and indirectly to its production. The underlying message of these two questions is whether the assumed linear marginal relationship between a sector's output and its intermediate inputs (input-output coefficients)—a critical assumption made by W. Leontief to transform a transactions table from an accounting framework into the input-output model—can be extended to assume that the marginal relationship between a sector's output and the area of production land it uses for generating output is fixed (land-output marginal coefficient equal to average coefficient). By reviewing the literature on input-output analysis and its application to environmental issues and by theoretically and empirically examining the relation between sector output and land appropriation, this study advises against the use of land multipliers or their compositions in the EF scenario analysis.To apply the input-output model to EF scenario analysis for enhancing policy relevance with due attention to the relationship between sector output and land appropriation, this study suggests a two-stage EF calculation procedure. In the first stage, the input-output application estimates only the required raw materials (or generated pollutants) for meeting a given consumption pattern, which is the objective of environmental input-output analysis; in the second stage, the estimated amount of raw materials or pollutants is converted into land/water area, and a choice of conversion methods is suggested according to the research questions and the availability of conversion methods and required data.     

新制度主义的制度分析范式:一个归纳性述评

制度分析是当代社会科学领域一个重要的理论分析工具。20世纪70年代以来,经济学、政治学等重新发现了制度对解释现实问题的重要性,形成了新制度主义的制度分析范式。基于共同的逻辑起点、行为假设和理论工具,制度分析范式形成了不同的制度分析途径,如嵌入性制度分析、立宪制度分析、比较制度分析、历史制度分析和多中心制度分析等。制度分析拓展了社会科学的研究对象,增强了社会科学解释和解决现实问题的能力,越来越多的领域被囊括到制度分析中。     

Adherence to guidelines for sensitivity analysis: cost-effectiveness analyses of dual oral antiplatelet therapy

Abstract

Objective: Cost-effectiveness analyses of new treatments for cardiovascular disease frequently require input parameters whose values are known with uncertainty due to limited data. The objective of this paper is to examine the extent to which published sensitivity analyses addressing this uncertainty adhere to Health Technology Assessment (HTA) guidelines.

Research design and methods: A systematic review of published cost-effectiveness analyses was performed for an example drug treatment scenario, dual oral antiplatelet therapy compared with aspirin alone following acute coronary syndromes and/or percutaneous coronary intervention. The following medical literature databases were searched for articles published from January 1997 to June 2007: PubMed, Cochrane Collaboration, EMBASE and the Health Economic Evaluation Database (HEED). Evidence tables were created to show the sensitivity of the cost-effectiveness estimates to changes in the input parameter values, as well as the data sources used for the reference-case and sensitivity analysis input parameter values. The extent to which the sensitivity analyses adhered to HTA guidelines were also examined.

Results: Cost-effectiveness ratios were most sensitive to changes in the efficacy of dual antiplatelet therapy and reference-case model assumptions about costs beyond the trial period. Although alternative values tested in the sensitivity analysis for some input parameters were based on observed ranges or distributions, alternative values tested for many other input parameters were assumed without justification.

Conclusions: Sensitivity analyses in the cost-effectiveness studies of dual oral antiplatelet therapy were not fully adherent with HTA guidelines. In particular, long-term costs and benefits were not always included in the sensitivity estimates, the impact of differential effects on death and myocardial infarction was not explored, and justification for the alternative parameter values tested was not always provided.     

Patent text mining and informetric-based patent technology morphological analysis: an empirical study

Patent technology morphological analysis utilises the advantages of both patent information analysis and morphological analysis to provide more detailed information on current and future patent technology. Current patent technology morphological analysis methods are largely reliant on manual expertise in the construction of morphological boxes with few approaches to the evaluation of future morphological configurations. We developed a patent text mining and informetric-based patent technology morphological analysis technique. We defined the basic parameters of the morphological box as the factors in factor analysis, with a patent keywords matrix, and the clusters in clustering analysis with factor scores. Patent citation, year of patent registration, keyword frequency, and contributing factors were used to evaluate future morphological configurations. We used an empirical study of liquid crystal display wide viewing angle patents to validate our method. The Thomson Reuters Derwent Innovation Index was used to collect patent text datasets. Our study indicates that this method is feasible for the implementation of patent technology morphological analysis. Our method provides advantages in terms of cost and time reductions during morphological box construction and more flexible methods for evaluating morphological configurations. We discuss problems and possible development of our method in the last section.     

脑卒中经济性评价研究进展

本文通过检索Springger、EBSCOhost、Pubmed等综合数据库和美国Stroke杂志等专业网站,以及中文CNKI数据库,查找1999～2009年国内外脑卒中经济性评价的相关研究文献,分析脑卒中经济性评价的现状,并采用卫生经济学研究质量评价（QHES）量表对文献进行评价。相比而言,欧美国家进行脑卒中经济性评价较为深入,国外相关研究QHES量表得分较高,平均分为82．7分。国内相关研究尚有限,且研究角度和研究方法较为单一。QHES量表得分普遍较低,平均分数为64．5分。     

中国农村经济发展积累过程形态分析

了解中国农村经济发展的经济结构对认识中国农村经济有着特殊的意义。本文旨在通过全国30个省、自治区和直辖市经济发展的比较研究,运用值域分析、方差分析和回归分析方法、探索出全国经济积累过程的发展形态,总结出地区伴随着经济发展过程而出现的特有经济结构现象,寻找问题症结的所在和解决问题的突破点,为国家经济提供建设性参考建议。     

基于因子分析与聚类分析福建各县市经济发展研究

创建县域经济发展评价指标体系,以福建省67个县、县级市、市辖区作为样本,运用因子分析的统计方法进行实证分析,提出综合经济实力因子、社会保障实力因子、居民收入因子、农业发展实力因子与生活质量因子5个因子,同时基于因子得分矩阵对67个县、县级市、市辖区进行聚类分析。分析结果表明,反映经济发展整体水平、医疗卫生水平和工业生产规模的综合经济实力因子处于主导地位,同时,农业发展实力因子跟社会保障因子的作用也不能够忽视。研究县域经济利用因子分析与聚类分析的方法,所得到的结论客观可信,并且能够比较全面地反映影响县域经济发展的主要因素。