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1.
本文利用Black-Scholes公式、套利定理和风险中性概率分布,给出了离散价格标的资产的期权定价公式,揭示了这类标的资产期权价格的实际意义,同时也给出了利用结论指导期权实际投资的方法。  相似文献   

2.
本文利用公平保费原则和价格过程的实际概率测度-保险精算方法给出了欧式新型期权的定价公式,包括欧式双向期权、外汇期权以及可转换债券的定价.  相似文献   

3.
王震 《现代经济信息》2012,(19):146-147
权证具有一种理财和避险的功能。可同样的,期权又存在着风险,在对期权进行定价的过程中,最具影响的因素有:到期时间、股价波动率、无风险利率、期权合约到期目的股价、行权价、股票当前价格等等,这些因素的存在使得股票期权定价仍存在不确定性。为了理性地科学地对期权进行定价,20世纪七八十年代出现了两种比较经典的定价模型:B-S模型和GARCH模型。因此,本文通过对B-S模型与GARCH模型理论原理进行介绍,从而对两者的期权定价功效进行比较分析。  相似文献   

4.
完世伟 《经济经纬》2005,(5):136-138
鉴于风险投资决策传统方法的局限性及风险投资的期权特性,根据金融期权的定价方法,引出实物期权的定价公式。通过计算风险投资项目中实物期权的价值,比较分析NPV法与实物期权定价法的差异,可得出在风险投资中引入实物期权的思想,对风险投资者作出正确的投资决策,以及对风险资本的保值增值有重大的指导意义。  相似文献   

5.
张能福 《经济师》2004,(8):150-151
确定合理的企业产权转让价格是企业产权交易活动得以顺利进行的必要保证。文章对企业产权交易的价格形成机制进行系统的分析 ,研究了影响产权转让价格的各种因素及产权转让价格的形成规律 ,并应用期权定价理论 ,对企业产权价格的定价研究 ,建立了企业产权的期权定价模型 ,为交易双方制定合理的企业价格提供参考依据 ,促进企业产权交易行为合理化。  相似文献   

6.
侯萌 《新经济》2016,(6):10-12
本文应用不确定度分析方法,对B-S-M(Black-Scholes-Merton Option Pricing Model)期权定价模型参数影响程度进行了分析,通过建立基于样本的随机采样模型评估了B-S-M期权定价模型中各参数对于最终期权价格的影响程度,并对各参数的影响程度进行了比较,从而获得了对期权价格影响较大的市场因素。  相似文献   

7.
讨论各种欧式期权价格的Monte-Carlo方法。根据Black-Scholes期权定价模型以及风险中性理论,首先详细地讨论如何利用Monte-Carlo方法来计算标准欧式期权价格;然后讨论如何引入控制变量以及对称变量来提高Monte-Carlo方法的精确性;最后用Monte-Carlo方法来计算标准欧式期权、欧式—两值期权、欧式—回望期权以及欧式—亚式期权的价格,并讨论相关方法的优缺点。  相似文献   

8.
存款保险定价理论研究的新进展   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
近年来,存款保险制度中最核心的定价问题的研究有了重要的进展:(1)关于能否实现公平的存款保险定价有了更多、更深入的理论研究,但仍然存在广泛的争议;(2)存款保险定价模型沿着期权定价和预期损失两个思路向前发展,其中期权定价法在不断修正的基础上更加贴近现实世界;(3)运用存款保险定价模型的进行的实证研究一方面验证了模型的准确性,另一方面也为各国存款保险定价提供了科学的依据。然而,上述定价模型在我国的运用还有待资本市场和银行体系的进一步发展和完善。  相似文献   

9.
信用价差是用以向投资者补偿参照资产违约风险的、高于无风险利率的利差。信用价差期权作为风险控制的重要手段之一,其定价也日益得到人们的关注。现有文献几乎是单纯地利用几何布朗运动来刻画资产的价格变化过程从而对信用价差期权进行定价。而在实际中会出现某些不寻常的事件导致资产价格出现不间断的跳跃现象,普通的定价方法对这种现象的解释力度不够。因此本文引入Poisson跳跃来描述信用价差变化过程中的异常情况,更好地解释当遇到金融危机等情况时资产价值的跳跃现象。由于Longstaff和Schwartz的模型引入了随机利率,可以给出定价公式的封闭解析解的优点,本文在此模型上进行进行研究,将刻画信用价差动态过程的O-U过程与Poisson跳跃结合,利用伊藤公式进行推导并引入了利率的平方根过程,得到了欧式信用价差期权的定价公式,更好地考虑了资产价格的跳跃情况。  相似文献   

10.
在这篇文章中,假定市场经济状态由一个两状态马尔可夫链描述,风险资产满足一个两状态的马尔可夫调制过程。当市场处于高波动状态时,风险资产的价格满足跳扩散过程;当市场处于稳定状态时,风险资产的价格满足几何布朗运动.通过测度变换的技术,得到了交换期权的定价公式。最后,利用蒙特卡洛方法给出了期权价值的数值结果。  相似文献   

11.
It has been documented that retail gasoline prices respond more quickly to increases in wholesale prices than they do to decreases in wholesale prices. However, there is little empirical evidence that identifies the link between the pass-through of oil prices to gasoline in different volatility regimes. Using a Markov-switching model on weekly observations of fuel prices from 1990 to 2011, we find that fuel prices respond significantly faster to increases in crude oil prices than to decreases in crude oil prices. However, when volatility is low, the transmittal of a price change from crude oil to retail fuel is higher compared to periods of high volatility. These results provide important information on the behavior of retailers. The findings of this paper therefore provide clues for better understanding the recent dynamics of fuel prices and some policy implications.  相似文献   

12.
会员客户忠诚度的实证研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
赵江 《经济管理》2006,(18):32-36
20世纪90年代以来,国内许多商户开始对经常光顾的客户发放会员卡,通过对会员的促销商品折扣来提高会员客户的忠诚度。但这些持有会员卡的客户是忠诚的吗?他们真如商户所愿,为其带来了主要的利润贡献吗?他们的购物行为与普通客户有区别吗?本文通过对某地区一商户的调研,对上述问题进行了分析,并得出了相关的结论。  相似文献   

13.
Wholesale ‘ladder pricing’ involves setting the wholesale price retailers face as a nonlinear (generally increasing) function of price chosen by retailers. This form of wholesale pricing occurred recently in UK Telecoms, and the issue became extensively debated in the law courts. A major concern in deciding the merits of the case lay with the question of whether or not the introduction of tiered wholesale pricing created incentives for retailers to actually reduce their prices. This paper examines the incentive for the case where the wholesale tariff is a non-linear continuous differentiable function. It is shown that so long as the tariff is strictly increasing, convex, and positive only for retail prices greater than the maximum retailer marginal cost, then there is indeed an incentive to reduce price, whatever the actual gradient of the tariff schedule.  相似文献   

14.
Resale Price Maintenance has been defended as a tool to prevent free riding among retailers and condemned as a tool to protect price fixing schemes. This paper presents an economic model in which customers search for products from among those provided by manufacturers and competitive dealers who provide, at a cost, information useful in the customers' search. It is shown that competitive manufacturers will not maintain the resale price above the competitive dealer equilibrium but that the monopolist manufacturer will under certain elasticity conditions. Thus resale price maintenance is a sufficient but not necessary condition of monopoly.  相似文献   

15.
The paper studies a two-echelon supply chain comprising one manufacturer and two competing retailers with advertising cost dependent demand. The manufacturer acts as the Stackelberg leader who specifies wholesale price for each retailer. The two retailers compete with each other in advertising and they have different sales costs. The manufacturer uses one of the following two pricing strategies: (i) setting the same wholesale price for both the retailers irrespective of the difference in their sales costs; (ii) setting different wholesale prices for the retailers depending on their sales costs. Two models are developed. In the first model, the manufacturer shares a fraction of each retailer's advertising cost while in the second model, the manufacturer does not share any retailer's advertising expenses. In both the models, we derive the retailers' and manufacturer's optimal strategies. A numerical example is given to illustrate the theoretical results developed in each model. Computational results show that it is always beneficial for the manufacturer to adopt different wholesale pricing strategy for the retailers.  相似文献   

16.
Before introducing cash discounting in retail gasoline markets, major oil companies offered proprietary credit cards as an unpriced service to their customers. This paper analyzes the origins of cash discounting in order to determine why oil companies introduced explicit pricing of the credit service in 1982 only to begin discouraging it by the end of the decade. Sharp increases in nominal interest rates and in the real price of gasoline between 1978–1982 spurred a rapid rise in the cost of financing accounts receivable. This increasing cost in part drove the initial decision to discount. By 1990 the discounting trend reversed as the costs of processing credit transactions and of the float associated with non-revolving accounts receivable fell.
Using station data from Delaware in 1983 and Washington in 1989, the paper also provides two separate estimations of the subsidy to credit buyers by cash buyers.  相似文献   

17.
The last decade has witnessed sharp increases in the price of crude oil. There are two possible explanations for these increases: dramatic increases in financial firms' position in the oil futures market and recent increases in oil prices from changes in economic fundamentals. This paper examines the causal relationship between the net financial position and the crude oil price by using three types of Granger non-causality tests: the classical Granger non-causality test, a robust Granger non-causality test and a Granger non-causality test in quantiles. The empirical results provide some evidence of causality from the net financial position to the spot price of crude oil. In addition, futures prices serve as a transmission mechanism underlying the causal relationship between the net financial position and the crude oil price.  相似文献   

18.
Buying power and strategic interactions   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
Abstract.  This paper shows that buying power at the retail level can lead to a rise in wholesale price. As a result, retailers without buying power may increase their retail price. Nevertheless, total surplus is non‐decreasing in the degree of buying power possessed by the 'dominant' retailer. JEL classification: L13  相似文献   

19.
邱国斌 《技术经济》2016,(11):88-96
考虑损失厌恶企业的决策者在评估损失或收益时心中存在参照点。将企业分为两种类型:类型一企业,即当订货量大于需求量时才存在参照点的企业;类型二企业,即无论订货量大于或小于需求量均存在参照点的企业。基于前景理论,构建了上述两类企业的效用函数,得到了企业的最优订货决策模型,并对比分析了两类企业的订货量与损失厌恶系数、零售价格、批发价格和缺货损失之间的逻辑关系。主要结论如下:类型一企业的最优订货量小于类型二企业的最优订货量;随着损失厌恶系数、零售价格和批发价格的增大,类型一企业和类型二企业的最优订货量可能递增,也可能递减;随着缺货损失的增加,类型一企业的最优订货量一定递增,而类型二企业的最优订货量可能递增,也可能递减。  相似文献   

20.
This paper examines whether American banks' exposure to the oil industry could lead to instability in both oil and financial markets. To address this issue, we investigate volatility spillovers between oil prices and the stock prices of the four major American banks involved in the oil industry by employing the vector autoregressive fractionally integrated moving average framework. We use high-frequency data from January 3, 2006, to June 30, 2016. Our results support the existence of such volatility spillovers, as evidenced by the significant volatility responses of oil price (banks' stock price) to a shock in banks' stock price (oil price). These responses, more pronounced following the banks' exposure to the shale industry, mainly reflect the financial fragility of shale companies and their high indebtedness levels. Thus, this paper emphasises how the shale oil industry could trigger turmoil in both oil and financial markets.  相似文献   

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