The obstacles of China＇s economic transformation

In the past 30 years, China has gone from the transformation from a planned economy to a market economy, from the extensive economic growth mode to intensive economic growth model, and from relying on investment and export-led economy to relying on domestic demand and stimulating economic. China＇s economic transformation includes three parts： The first is the reform of economic system, the second is the change in the pattern of economic growth and the third is the adjustment of economic structure. This article describes the historical evolution and the reality of China＇s economic transformation, analysis the obstacles to China＇s economic transformation, and on this basis, put forward some suggestions.     

Development of resource-conserving society：from the perspective of circular economy

The purpose of building a resource-conserving society is to pursuit less resource consumption and less environmental pollution,and to accept greater economic and social benefits,and the ultimate goal is to ensure sustainable use of resources and economic and social sustainable development.Developing circular economy is the inevitable choice and the basic way to build a resource-conserving society.Recycling economy is a resource-conserving production,initiate resource-conserving consumption,and it is the key to build resource-conserving society.This study tries to clarify the relationship between them and bring forward a scientific index system which can measure the development level of a resource-conserving society.It provides a new set of ideas for the evaluation of resourceconserving society,and it is important for the resource-conserving society assessment and construction,while further empirical research is made on China＇s eastern coastal Shandong Province.     

对外经济发展与生态环境研究

Since China＇s opening to the outside world, a large amomt of foreign investment has flowed into the country. The domestic economy has been full of vigor and vitality after adepting the socialist market economy, which contributes to a higher economic growth. However, ecological enviromnent has a close relationship with the foreign economic development. The good ecological environment and natural resources are the foundation of foreign economir development. With the expansion of its market economy. China is confronted with a series of sustainable development challenges related to population, resources and environmental protection, etc. How we should prevent and control effectively the impact of economic development upon the environment and avoid serious. effect and damages on environmental quality are the key points this paper will discuss.     

Optimization and competition promotion of industrial structure in Blue Shandong Peninsula Economic Zone

Blue economic zone is a typical regional economic mode,which is specially characterized by marine economy and has multiple economic types coexisting and interacting through integrating marine and land resources.With the continuous progress of science and technology,marine economy as a strategy to promote economic development is approved in many countries.The Blue Shandong Peninsula Economic Zone（BSPEZ） reflects the local demands of economic development,and its upgrading and enhancing competitiveness of the industrial structure is also of obvious significance for enhancement of the development of eastern China and the national marine economy.This paper thinks that the BSPEZ has many advantages,such as unique marine economy,growing high-tech industries,more and more mature industrial system,advancing technological innovation,and outstanding big enterprises,large projects and regional bright brands,but it is also facing problems of low industry cluster,similar industrial structure with each other,still weak technological innovation.So we put forwards the basic approaches to upgrade and enhance the industrial structure：transforming and upgrading the traditional marine industries with advantages,accelerating the development of new marine industries and high-tech industries,integrating marine and land industry,and promoting the rational system arrangements.     

Reforms on China＇s Fiscal System and Its Impact on Local Government Behavior

The fiscal system is an important part of national economic management and deals with the division of financial responsibility and power, regulates and defines the fiscal activities among different levels of governments. The changes in economic system and economic structure decide the changes of fiscal function and fiscal structure, which results in the changes in intergovernmental distribution form and local government behavior. This paper takes a look at the stages of China＇s fiscal reform process and the impacts on local government behavior, and tries to find measures for perfecting the fiscal system reform to optimize local government behavior and guarantee a healthy national economy.     

A study of economic development in Tibet of China based on the ecological economic mode

The purpose of this paper is to study the issues on keeping the continuous development of Tibetan economy and the relative stability of its ecosystem. Hence, in order to achieve the object, the study analyzes the status quo of economic development in Tibet and the problems of resource exploitation. It especially discusses frailty of Tibetan eco-environment, and evaluates the contradictions between the traditional economic developing mode and the safety of plateau＇s ecosystem. It concludes that there is an inevitable clash between the development of Tibetan economy and the safety of plateau＇s eco-system; this problem cannot be avoided by any decision maker, Therefore, the character of Tibetan econvironment and the requirement of its economic development strategy determine that ecological economy developing mode is the only choice for Tibet. This paper suggests that it should be compensated by the national government to assure that Tibetan economy can keep a higher developing speed. In accordance with the feature of plateau eco-economy system and demand of Tibetan economic development, this paper also suggests several methods to apply the ecoeconomy developing strategy of Tibet.     

The Way of the Social and Economic Development of China An Attempt of Historical and Synthetic Representation

The issue of social and economic development is an important part of theoretical and empirical research of the contemporary economy. China is an example of an economy which in a short period of time achieved success within this scope. Therefore it seems to be justified to draw the reader＇s attention to the factors and determinants which may be regarded as the key ones for the economy of China, both in the period of 1949-1978, namely, in the period of real socialism, and in the period after 1978, so-called ＂socialist market economy＂ to date. On the basis of an analysis of Polish and foreign reference sources and source materials, the author tried to trace both similarities and differences in China＇s economic development over those two periods, first of all paying attention to the Chinese authorities＇ pragmatism of governing in the other period, accompanied by limiting ideological influences. Maintaining the socialist system, in that period China worked out its own, specific principles, and rules of internal activities and activities in the international arena, which enabled to it the creation of a model, especially for developing countries, the system of economic planning and programming, its constant modernization during the implementation of economic tasks, with the consideration given to changing conditionings in the world economy. It was pointed out that with maintaining the laboriousness of the Chinese and their loyalty to authority, they make up China＇s economic power. The aim of the article is to pay special attention to the circumstances, phenomena, conditionings, and factors which occurred on the way to the social and economic development of China, which enabled it to achieve the economic success in a relatively short period of time. This success can be expressed by such indicators as for instance the poverty rate, the unemployment rate, gross domestic product, the value of export, and the value of foreign direct investment as well as other factors.     

Impacts of birdwatching tourism on environment and economy

Birdwatching tourism can be a good model for nature conservation and economic development if it is managed with the well-being of local ecosystems and human communities. Birdwatchers can bring financial sources to local nature conservation. Many communities and local leaders consider birdwatching as a significant mean to develop local economics and publicize regional image, but only few research have tried to study the impacts of relevant activities on destinations. The purpose of the paper is to give a comprehensive review on impacts of birdwatching from conservation economics and biology perspective. Use a behavioral approach study impacts of birdwatching tourism on environment and economy. Specific objectives here are： （1） review the value and significance on environment and economy; （2） economic potential of non-residential birdwatching for community-based conservations; （3） using a behavioral approach, combine quantitative and qualitative methods study birdwatching impacts; （4） outline the economic and environmental benefits and problems associated with the activity; and （5） aid community leaders and tourism business related company in their efforts to improving the value of birdwatching; help the leaders of natural reserve areas develop birdwatching tourism.     

Eco-transformation of steel industry in China: from the perspective of industrial ecology and circular economy

Recently the behavior of human has resulted in the deterioration of global ecological environment, and global warming and environmental pollution have caused the occurrence of extreme events frequently If we repeat the reckless environmental overkill, civilization will enter a victous circle of decline and lose even the strength and vitality to live in harmony with the environment. At Present, China is in a speciat period of rapid economic develop- ment. Some enterprises focus on short-term profits and don＇t formulate long-term strategies. For example, with the rapid expansion of the steel industry, some serious problems have emerged. Based on principles of industrial ecology and the concept of circular economy, to develop a new development model, taking a new road to industrialization is very necessary. Re-examining the current steel enterprises, this＇ paper proposes the new methods of the integration of material, energy integration, water system integration and sharing of information and facilities. Through ecologi- calization of technology, system, and industrial structure and product structure adjustment, the eco-transformation of the modern steel industry will be gradually achieved in China     

A research of material input and environmental impact for Chinese economy： 1990-2005

The process of economic activities is on the basis of tremendous material inputs. China has been discharging an enormous amount of waste, giving rise to a wide range of environmental impacts. The method of economy-wide material flow analysis （EW-MFA） is one of the effective tools to examine the flow of materials entering physical economies, and recognize early environmental problems. Relevant researches are still at the early stage in China and most focus on material throughput but are rarely concerned about the utilization of recycling resource and environmental impact. Based on more than 3,000 items of data related, materials entering Chinese economy are classified into three types, and then the characteristics of material input and environmental impact are presented for the years 1990-2005 by using the indicators derived from EW-MFA. The Ratio of Recycled Material （RRM） is added as the new indicator in order to be in accordance with the need of circular economy being promoted in China. Results show that the great changes in the structure of material input cause the continuous increase of industrial solid waste emissions and the bogging down of material productivity. The RRM reveals that the utilization of recycling resources remains at a fairly low level in China. Finally, some weakness of EW-MFA is discussed according to the calculated results.     

激发创新活力何以精准施策?基于两地数据的比较研究

考察特定地区政府举措对辖区企业创新活力的影响,识别不同地区政府举措效果之间的差异,对于激发企业创新活力具有重要意义。基于203家中小企业调研数据,对比分析了H地和Y地简政放权、资金支持、政府监管和公共服务4类政府举措对企业创新活力的影响。结果发现,尽管企业整体感知到的两地政府举措相差不大,但不同政府举措对企业创新活力的影响却有很大差异。因此,不同地区激发企业创新活力必须精准施策,在思想上强调精准化的政府职能转变理念,实践中以精准施策为指导方法,实现政府支持企业创新流程再造。     

文化创意企业专利产出效率测算及其影响因素——基于上海63家文化创意企业的实证研究

采用DEA方法测算了2012年上海63家文化创意企业的专利产出效率,并研究了所有制形式、规模和政府科技资助对文化创意企业专利产出效率的影响。研究结果显示:52家企业在专利产出效率方面属于无效单元;内地与港澳台合作企业、国有全资企业的专利产出效率值最高,而外资企业和集体全资企业的专利产出效率值最低;中、小型文化创意企业拥有比大型企业更高的专利产出效率;接受政府资助的文化创意企业比未接受政府资助的企业拥有更高的专利产出效率。最后提出提高文化创意企业专利产出效率的对策建议。     

财政资金支持企业技术创新的机制研究

“十二五”时期,我国将着重加强企业技术创新主体地位的建设。如何充分发挥财政资金对企业技术创新的引导和激励作用,使企业真正成为技术创新的主体,成为当前我国政府和社会关注的重点。通过分析研究外国财政资金史持企业技术创新的有效做法和机制,同时梳理和总结我国中央和地方政府现有支持企业技术创新的做法和机制,提出了进一步完善我国财政支持企业技术创新机制的若干政策和建议。     

试论服务企业营销道德

近年来服务企业营销道德问题越来越受到企业和消费者的关注。文章从企业、员工和消费者三个方面分析了服务企业营销活动中不道德的表现,并提出服务企业营销道德建设的措施。     

美国技术性贸易措施如何影响中国企业出口

本文利用中国海关进出口数据库和WTO特别贸易通报数据库，基于异质性理论建立多维度固定效应的线性概率模型，考察美国技术性贸易措施对中国企业出口决策和企业出口贸易额的影响。研究发现：第一，美国实施的技术性贸易措施对中国出口决策和出口贸易额的负面影响范围广、程度深，通过划分出口产品结构与企业产权性质，本文进一步发现高技术产品和私营企业受到的负面影响较大；第二，异质性企业理论成立，且美国实施的技术性贸易措施对中国企业不存在歧视。基于此，本文提出中国应利用制造业升级及自贸区战略的契机，努力缩小与美国的标准差距，并合理有效利用技术性贸易措施，保护本国的相关产业。     

乡镇企业的环境污染问题及其对策分析

乡镇企业的环境污染问题其产生原因是多方面的,主要有乡镇企业地理环境的自身脆弱性,相关利益者的不作为以及乡镇企业的环境产权不明晰等原因,为此应该采取法律、行政、经济和教育等各种措施来加大对乡镇企业环境污染问题的治理。     

论促进企业自主创新的有效措施

企业是自主创新的主体，企业的自主创新需要政府的支持。文章论述了政府应采取有效措施促进企业进行技术创新，这些措施包括：强化创新意识；改革用人制度以选拔创新人才；增加创新资金；整合创新资源；制定激励企业自主创新有效政策。     

论企业员工的有效激励

人员激励是企业管理尤其是人力资源管理的核心问题。在人才竞争日益激烈的市场经济中，企业必须不断改进人力资源管理工作，提高激励的有效性。影响员工激励效果的因素有很多，因此，企业应该在对这些因素系统分析的基础上，采取增强激励效果的具体措施，使激励更具有针对性。另外，对员工进行激励，还应该注意激励措施的系统性，不能顾此失彼，否则会使激励的正负效果相互抵消，降低激励的投资回报率。     

我国连锁企业的现状和发展趋势

随着外资零售业巨头频频在中国市场抢滩,我国连锁业经受到前所未有的冲击。本文着重分析了当前我国连锁企业存在的基本问题及其急需改进之处,并对我国连锁企业的发展前景进行了展望。     

我国民营快递企业人力资源现状及对策分析

随着我国电子商务的发展,选择网络购物的人数激增,催生了一大批民营快递企业。作为快递企业的一支重要力量,中小型民营快递企业在消费者心目中占据重要地位。但由于中小型快递企业物流人才缺乏,员工流动性大,素质较低,严重阻碍了其发展。本文首先对我国中小型快递企业人力资源的现状及其原因进行了分析,然后根据我国中小型快递企业人力资源的现状,提出了相应的改进措施。